Actual Application Research Articles

An Investigation of Modular Composable Acoustic Metamaterials with Multiple Nonunique Chambers.

To make the sound absorber easy to fabricate and convenient for practical application, a modular composable acoustic metamaterial with multiple nonunique chambers (MCAM-MNCs) was proposed and investigated, which was divided into a front panel with the same perforated apertures and a rear chamber with a nonunique grouped cavity. Through the acoustic finite element simulation, the parametric studies of the diameter of aperture d, depth of chamber T0, and thickness of panel t0 were conducted, which could tune the sound absorption performances of MCAM-MNCs-1 and MCAM-MNCs-2 for the expected noise reduction effect. The effective sound absorption band of MCAM-MNCs-1 was 556 Hz (773-1329 Hz), 456 Hz (646-1102 Hz), and 387 Hz (564-951 Hz) for T = 30 mm, T = 40 mm, and T = 50 mm, respectively, and the corresponding average sound absorption coefficient was 0.8696, 0.8854, and 0.8916, accordingly, which exhibited excellent noise attenuation performance. The sound absorption mechanism of MCAM-MNCs was investigated by the distributions of the total sound energy density (TSED). The components used to assemble the MCAM-MNCs sample were fabricated by additive manufacturing, and its actual sound absorption coefficients were tested according to the transfer matrix method, which demonstrated its feasibility and promoted its actual application.

THE OUTCOMES OF APPLYING SMART GREEN PORT CONCEPT IN EGYPTIAN PORTS (CASE STUDY: ALEXANDRIA PORT)

Abstract. The awareness of preserving the environment and the tendency to apply the concept of "smart" and "green" ports have increased during the last decade of the twenty-first century to prevent further pollution, whether inside the ports or in the hinterland. The researchers studied the experiences of several ports in the field of environmental preservation and transformation into smart green ports and achieved real environmental protection using modern technological techniques. Researchers studied the current environmental situation of Alexandria port and conducted a comparative study with several international ports to identify the gap that needed to be filled to reach a set of practical proposals for an actual application of the concept of smart green ports in Alexandria port. Sustainability is no longer a luxury but rather a strategic issue as the shipping industry has moved in the direction in recent years and has begun to take advantage of geospatial data and artificial intelligence to achieve the goal of a green port. Geospatial technology tools can be used in smart green ports in various ways to improve efficiency, safety, and sustainability.This paper explores the use of geospatial technology tools in smart green ports to improve efficiency, safety, and sustainability. The paper discusses various ways in which geospatial technology tools can be employed, including real-time tracking of vessels, optimizing berth allocation, monitoring air and water quality, managing waste, predicting maintenance requirements, and planning emergency response procedures. By leveraging these tools, ports can reduce their environmental impact and improve their overall performance. The paper concludes that geospatial technology tools have significant potential for enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of Smart green ports.

Detecting interference between applications and improving the scheduling using malleable application clones

This paper presents a novel feature for improving the scheduling process based on the performance prediction and the detection of CPU and I/O interference between applications. This feature consists of using malleable synthetic benchmarks – called clones – that reproduce the behaviour of applications executed in a cluster. These proxies can be used with two objectives: to build large and representative datasets that can be used to train the machine learning algorithms for modelling the platform workload, and to evaluate in advance if two executing applications can potentially produce contention hazards related to the shared use of the system resources like CPU, cache memory or I/O bandwidth. The proposed framework generates application clones based on generic-purpose performance information collected from monitoring. Unlike other works based on the use of micro-architectures or metrics obtained from simulators, in the approach presented in this work, the application clones generate similar behaviour without extracting data from the binaries, avoiding the necessity of managing code or data from the applications. One advantage of this approach is that they can be shared securely because they have not been generated using any piece of the original code. In addition, the proposed clones are malleable, so they also able to model the application behaviour under a different number of processes. In this work, we show how the use of clones contributes to improving the application scheduling by reducing the number of evaluations that is necessary to perform, and to detect performance degradation (interference) without the necessity of involving the execution of the actual applications. We evaluate the proposed clone generation approach on two sets of benchmarks (CPU and I/O oriented) and several applications. We also compare the performance obtained during the execution of the proxies and the applications to show their similarity. Finally, we include an evaluation of the interference detection using this novel approach.

Changes in mechanical properties of copper-silver matrix welded by the iron blade by increasing initial pressure: A molecular dynamics approach

Atomic investigation of many common phenomena can be included as interesting achievements. Using these achievements makes it possible to design promising structures for various actual applications. The current research describes the mechanical performance of Ag and Cu samples after welding at various initial pressures. For this purpose, the Molecular Dynamics (MD) approach is used via the LAMMPS package. Technically, MD simulations are done in 2 main steps. Firstly, the atomic stability of welded Ag-Cu samples is described at various initial conditions (initial pressure). Then, tension test settings are implemented in equilibrated systems. The MD outputs indicate that the physical stability of the welded samples was altered by changing the initial pressure between 1 and 10 bar. Simulation results predict that the mechanical resistance of atomic samples decreases by enlarging the initial pressure. Numerically, the ultimate strength of the Ag-Cu matrixes decreases from 1.424 MPa to 1.241 MPa by increasing the initial pressure from 1 bar to 10 bar, respectively. This mechanical performance arises from atomic disorder created inside samples. So, it is expected that initial condition changes affect the atomic evolution of welded metallic samples, and this phenomenon should be considered in the design of mechanical structures in industrial cases.

Electrocatalysis through interface and structural engineering of hollow/porous NiSe/CoSe2 nanotubes for overall water splitting

Nickel/cobalt-based selenides is considered as a promising electrocatalyst for overall water splitting ascribed to rapid electron transfer ability and long-term durability. However, the sluggish water dissociation kinetics and high Gibbs free energy seriously hinder its actual application. Herein, interface engineering is proposed to promote the formation of high-valence metal cations, thus activating the active center of electrocatalytic water dissociation and reducing the adsorption/desorption free energy of the intermediates significantly. In addition, a stable hollow mesoporous structure is constructed through structural engineering, which provides abundant accessible inner and outer surfaces, and the capillary phenomenon caused by the hollow structure promotes the adsorption of water molecules in the reaction center and the desorption of gases. Based on the coupling effect described above, the hollow/porous NiSe/CoSe2-100 nanotubes (denoted as NiSe/CoSe2-X HNTs, X is the weight of Se powder) demonstrate an overpotential of 117 and 225 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), respectively. Meanwhile, the system of NiSe/CoSe2-100 HNTs//NiSe/CoSe2-100 HNTs requires a low voltage of 1.46 V to drive water splitting and the faraday efficiency is close to 100%. Overall, a new route is proposed for the construction of electrocatalysts with fast hydrolysis kinetics.

Optimal cloud service provider selection: An MADM framework on correlation-based TOPSIS with interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy soft set

The interaction between two factors significantly measures the results' exactness. But, acquiring information for statistical computation is frequent, and the data obtained could be challenging to interpret. To predict how a particular factor will fluctuate regarding another as well, the correlation coefficient (CC) is usually employed. But this approach is rarely utilized for interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy soft set (IVq-ROFSS). The situation in which IVq-ROFSS grows as it is modern, along with a broad depiction of the q-rung orthopair fuzzy soft set (q-ROFSS), engaging for a more reflective and precise assessment. The current study explores the CC and weighted correlation coefficient (WCC) for IVq-ROFSS and their fundamental characteristics. This research is designed to improve the prioritization technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) with expanded measures. Also, to check the linearity of the intended approach, we integrated mathematical formulations of correlation constrictions. This study demonstrates that the suggested methodology is a robust multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) tool for intricate information set interpretation and prioritizing. We presented a numerical illustration demonstrating the actual application of our recommended decision-making strategy for choosing Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) in cloud service management. The approach developed in this research is superior to conventional models in maintaining the precise structure of the determined studies. Thus, the algorithm produces more reliable and consistent decisions. The influence of our studies grows within the scope of this research, as the originated algorithm can enhance the ability to analyze realities and make informed decisions in light of the information provided. Therefore, this study can significantly impact data analysis and decision-making by revealing the importance of the proposed TOPSIS approach and the vitality of perpetual development in methods for making decisions to get more reliable and precise outcomes.

The Influence of Composition Ratio on the Thermal Performance Parameters of Eutectic Phase Change Materials: Experimental Research and Theoretical Prediction

Eutectic phase change material (EPCM), compared with single phase change material (PCM), is widely studied by many scholars due to its flexibility in practical engineering applications by the characteristic of changing phase change temperatures. However, there is still a lack of theoretical prediction research on the thermal performance parameters of EPCM. The existing theories about EPCM are unable to accurately predict its thermal performance parameters, which increases the difficulty of selecting the composition ratio of EPCM and affects its practical application. Based on a background of the accurate prediction of EPCM thermal parameters, 12 binary EPCMs, and 7 ternary EPCMs are prepared by mixing capric acid, n-octanoic acid and tetradecane with different proportions, respectively. By using the cooling curves and DSC test, the variation patterns in thermal performance parameters of EPCMs are studied. After comparing various thermodynamic models, the Schrader model was selected and combined with experimental results to compare and calculate the experimental and theoretical values of thermal performance parameters. The results show that the binary PCM reaches the minimum eutectic point of 1.42 °C at a mass ratio of 0.33:0.67 for capric acid to n-octanoic acid, while the ternary PCM reaches the minimum eutectic point of 0.34 °C at a mass ratio of 0.231:0.469:0.3 for capric acid, n-octanoic acid, and n-tetradecane. The latent heat of a EPCM is between the lowest and highest values of the latent heat of the constituent components, and its value increases with the enhancement of the overall thermal storage density of the material. The modified Schrader equations can effectively predict the phase change temperatures and latent heats of EPCMs at different composition ratios. The equation has a fitting accuracy of over 0.986 and a bias error of less than 6%, demonstrating excellent accuracy and providing a reliable theoretical basis for the proportion design and thermal parameter prediction of EPCM in actual engineering applications.

The myth of translational bioethics.

In recent years, the case has been made for special attention to be paid to a branch of research in the field of bioethics called 'translational bioethics'. In this paper, we start by considering some of the assumptions that those advancing translational approaches to bioethics make about bioethics and compare them to the reality of bioethics as an academic field. We move on to explain how those who make this case, implicitly or explicitly, for translational bioethics go awry because of how they understand the 'gap' between bioethical inquiry and practical settings that requires bridging. We consider three interpretations of this 'translation gap' in bioethics: (i) the gap between theory and practice, (ii) the gap between the force of normative claims and practical contextual realities and (iii) the gap between relevance or applicability to practice and actual application or implementation in practice. In each case, we show how a proper understanding of the nature of the academic field of bioethics undermines how these gaps have been formulated, and how any need for talk of 'translational bioethics' is removed.

Controllable Preparation, Working Mechanisms, and Actual Application of Various One-Dimensional Nanomaterials as Catalysts for CO2RR: A Review

Controllable Preparation, Working Mechanisms, and Actual Application of Various One-Dimensional Nanomaterials as Catalysts for CO₂RR: A Review

Fatigue Life Analysis of Remanufactured Radial Rolling Bearing with the Replaced Loading Zone

The replacement of the loading zone is not considered in the active calculation method on fatigue life of remanufactured bearings. In practical application, when the radial bearings are reinstalled after remanufacturing, it is required to replace the loading zone, which results in a large deviation between the calculated fatigue life according to the active calculation method and the actual life. In this paper, the fatigue life factors of radial bearings with different remanufacturing levels are calculated according to the actual application condition. The results of case studies show that with the improvement of the remanufacturing level, regardless of whether the loading zone is replaced or not, the remanufacturing bearing life factor is gradually increased and the maximum can reach 1. Considering the replacement of the loading zone, the life factors of remanufactured bearings with different fixed rings are also very different, among which the remanufacturing deviation of fixed outer-ring level II is the largest, reaching 11.3%. However, with the increase of the remanufacturing level, the deviation decreases gradually. The life factors by the method presented in this paper of remanufactured radial bearings with the replaced loading zone are significantly higher than those of the active calculation method. The research results of this paper provides a more accurate calculation scheme for the fatigue life of remanufactured radial rolling bearings, which is a supplement to the active calculation method and has important practical significance for the practice of bearing remanufacturing engineering.

Oxygen vacancies rich in indium oxide hollow prism-like nanoflowers derived from NH2-MIL-68 (In) for promoted triethylamine sensing

Triethylamine (TEA) is widely viewed as the toxic volatile organic compounds and causes a severe risk to environmental protection and human health. However, the current sensors are still unable to meet the growing demand for effective and reliable detection of TEA gas. Herein, a newly designed TEA sensor based on In2O3 prism-like nanoflowers with hollow mesoporous structure is designed by directly calcining NH2-MIL-68 (In) in air atmosphere. A series of analytical techniques are performed such as BET, XPS, UV–vis, PL, EPR and Hall effect measurements. All the characterization results prove that the In2O3-400 prepared by annealing NH2-MIL-68 at 400 ℃ exhibits the maximum concentration of oxygen vacancies, the highest specific surface area, and excellent electron mobility, resulting in the best performance toward TEA. The prepared In2O3-400-based sensors possess ultrahigh response of 684.32 when exposed to 7 ppm TEA at 100 ℃ and exhibit a minimum detection limit of 0.046 ppb. The remarkable performance makes the sensors based on In2O3-400 prism-like nanoflowers become a very competitive sensing material for the detection of trace TEA vapor. The excellent selectivity, repeatability and long-term stability ensure the actual application of the prepared sensors.

Transitioning to a Green Economy and Implementing Sustainable Technological Changes in Uzbekistan

Although it has one of the fastest growing economies in the region, Uzbekistan nonetheless has a lot of environmentalproblems. The adoption of sustainable technical advancements and the transition to a green economy areessential to addressing these issues. In this paper, the significance of Uzbekistan’s transition to a green economy andthe actual application of sustainable technical developments are discussed. It looks at the issues preventing the use ofsustainable technologies and provides recommendations to address them.

Input-size dependence of the baroreflex neural arc transfer characteristics during Gaussian white noise inputs.

Although Gaussian white noise (GWN) inputs offer a theoretical framework for identifying higher-order nonlinearity, an actual application to the data of the neural arc of the carotid sinus baroreflex did not succeed in fully predicting the well-known sigmoidal nonlinearity. In the present study, we assumed that the neural arc can be approximated by a cascade of a linear dynamic (LD) component and a nonlinear static (NS) component. We analyzed the data obtained using GWN inputs with a mean of 120 mmHg and standard deviations (SDs) of 10, 20, and 30 mmHg for 15 min each in anesthetized rats (n = 7). We first estimated the linear transfer function from carotid sinus pressure to sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and then plotted the measured SNA against the linearly predicted SNA. The predicted and measured data pairs exhibited an inverse sigmoidal distribution when grouped into 10 bins based on the size of the linearly predicted SNA. The sigmoidal nonlinearity estimated via the LD-NS model showed a midpoint pressure (104.1 ± 4.4 mmHg for SD of 30 mmHg) lower than that estimated by a conventional stepwise input (135.8 ± 3.9 mmHg, P < 0.001). This suggests that the NS component is more likely to reflect the nonlinearity observed during pulsatile inputs that are physiological to baroreceptors. Furthermore, the LD-NS model yielded higher R2 values compared with the linear model and the previously suggested second-order Uryson model in the testing dataset.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We examined the input-size dependence of the baroreflex neural arc transfer characteristics during Gaussian white noise inputs. A linear dynamic-static nonlinear model yielded higher R2 values compared with a linear model and captured the well-known sigmoidal nonlinearity of the neural arc, indicating that the nonlinear dynamics contributed to determining sympathetic nerve activity. Ignoring such nonlinear dynamics might reduce our ability to explain underlying physiology and significantly limit the interpretation of experimental data.

Aerodynamic optimization of hypersonic blunted waveriders based on symbolic regression

The previous waverider optimization was mainly focused on the original configuration with sharp leading edge. In actual application, the leading edge must be blunted for hypersonic flight, which can change the aerodynamic performance significantly. Thus, the optimum waverider with sharp leading edge doesn't mean that it's still optimum after bluntness. To solve the problem, this paper first investigates the influence mechanism of leading edge bluntness on the aerodynamic performance of the waveriders in detail. And the novel methodology of symbolic regression is employed to establish an analytical pressure increment model for the original waverider caused by the bluntness effects. Then an efficient aerodynamic model for the blunted waverider is constructed by combining traditional approximate methods and the pressure increment model, which is further incorporated into the Genetic Algorithm optimization framework. Results show that the resulting blunted optimized waveriders have distinctly different shapes and better aerodynamic performance compared to previous optimization that considers only sharp leading edge. And as the bluntness radius or the design lift increases, the improvement of lift-to-drag ratio (L/D) turns larger. Finally, when the center of pressure is constrained during the optimization, the blunted optimized waverider exhibits both better trim characteristic and higher L/D.

Effects of deposited particle energy on the structure and properties of diamond-like carbon films

Using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), a series of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were prepared on YG8 carbide substrate by changing the enhancement mode and the negative bias voltage of the substrate. The structure and properties of the deposited films were tested by a series of analytical and testing instruments.During the deposition of DLC films, the ability of electrons to collide and ionize the gas is enhanced by increasing the number of electrons and extending the movement path of electrons, which is called electron-assisted enhanced gas ionization. Four different experimental modes (A mode, B mode, C mode, D mode) were set up. Different experimental modes have different degrees of electron-assisted enhancement ability of gas ionization, so different experimental modes are called different enhancement modes. The ions ionized by the electrons participate in the deposition of the film under the traction of the negative bias voltage of the substrate. The results show that: when depositing diamond-like carbon films, the energy of the ion beam is indirectly affected by electron collisions in different enhancement modes and directly affected by the negative bias voltage of the substrate. The higher the enhancement mode, the higher the ion beam energy. The higher the substrate negative bias voltage, the higher the ion beam energy generated by gas source discharge. Under the dual action of enhancement mode and substrate negative bias voltage, the total energy of ions involved in deposition should not be too high or too low, and the synergy of the two makes the properties and quality of the deposited film reach a better value. For industrial large-scale production of tool protection film for cutting aluminum alloy, it is more suitable for high enhancement mode and low negative bias voltage production.Through a series of process optimization to improve and enhance the comprehensive performance of DLC film, it is further applied to the actual processing application field, which has great industrial and social value to realize the large-scale application of DLC film in the field of hard to cut metal processing.

Research on Force Interaction Devices Specialized for Blind Guidance Robot

Abstract: As a new type of human-computer interaction, physical human-robot interaction is very common in guide robots and is the mainstream of future development. However, the force interaction device is hard to choose according to actual application requirements. In this paper, we compared the force transmission characteristics of three interaction mediums: rigid rod, spring-damping, and cable. The result shows that the rigid rod will bring a force impact on blind users when the robot’s motion state switches, while the spring-damper can not perform well in its response and stability. In contrast, the cable is more suitable in this area for its fast response and stability, moreover, it does not impose a dramatic impact when imposing an excitation force.

Good Practices and Common Pitfalls in Climate Time Series Changepoint Techniques: A Review

Abstract Climate changepoint (homogenization) methods abound today, with a myriad of techniques existing in both the climate and statistics literature. Unfortunately, the appropriate changepoint technique to use remains unclear to many. Further complicating issues, changepoint conclusions are not robust to perturbations in assumptions; for example, allowing for a trend or correlation in the series can drastically change changepoint conclusions. This paper is a review of the topic, with an emphasis on illuminating the models and techniques that allow the scientist to make reliable conclusions. Pitfalls to avoid are demonstrated via actual applications. The discourse begins by narrating the salient statistical features of most climate time series. Thereafter, single- and multiple-changepoint problems are considered. Several pitfalls are discussed en route and good practices are recommended. While most of our applications involve temperatures, a sea ice series is also considered. Significance Statement This paper reviews the methods used to identify and analyze the changepoints in climate data, with a focus on helping scientists make reliable conclusions. The paper discusses common mistakes and pitfalls to avoid in changepoint analysis and provides recommendations for best practices. The paper also provides examples of how these methods have been applied to temperature and sea ice data. The main goal of the paper is to provide guidance on how to effectively identify the changepoints in climate time series and homogenize the series.

Measuring coating layer shape in arbitrary geometry

Coating processes are typically analyzed on systems with flat substrates, such as the Landau–Levich–Derjaguin configuration in dip coating. However, actual applications often exhibit a much wider variety of geometries. For example, dip coating is also employed as a batch process with three-dimensional substrates. After the batch dip coating process, the coating layer is likely to exhibit irregular geometries near the lower edge of the substrate; the substrate profile is not flat, and the fluid can form overhangs depending on process conditions and rheological properties. These irregularities make it impossible to define layer shape measures, such as average thickness and roughness, in traditional ways. In this study, we propose generalized measures to overcome this issue by using offset distance and curve similarity. Our measures can quantify the shape of the coating layers in arbitrary geometries and are, therefore, robust against irregularities. We applied our measures to analyze the formation of external electrodes on multi-layer ceramic capacitors by batch dip coating. Coating layer profiles during the process were acquired for the analysis using a simple machine vision technique. As a result, differences in the coating layer shapes between fluids with different rheological properties were quantified. The results show that our measures can be used to compare coating qualities in arbitrary geometries for designing optimal process conditions.

Bone mineral density estimation from a plain X-ray image by learning decomposition into projections of bone-segmented computed tomography.

Osteoporosis is a prevalent bone disease that causes fractures in fragile bones, leading to a decline in daily living activities. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) are highly accurate for diagnosing osteoporosis; however, these modalities require special equipment and scan protocols. To frequently monitor bone health, low-cost, low-dose, and ubiquitously available diagnostic methods are highly anticipated. In this study, we aim to perform bone mineral density (BMD) estimation from a plain X-ray image for opportunistic screening, which is potentially useful for early diagnosis. Existing methods have used multi-stage approaches consisting of extraction of the region of interest and simple regression to estimate BMD, which require a large amount of training data. Therefore, we propose an efficient method that learns decomposition into projections of bone-segmented QCT for BMD estimation under limited datasets. The proposed method achieved high accuracy in BMD estimation, where Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.880 and 0.920 were observed for DXA-measured BMD and QCT-measured BMD estimation tasks, respectively, and the root mean square of the coefficient of variation values were 3.27 to 3.79% for four measurements with different poses. Furthermore, we conducted extensive validation experiments, including multi-pose, uncalibrated-CT, and compression experiments toward actual application in routine clinical practice.

Economic analysis of phase change material integrated photovoltaic thermal systems: A short communication

Solar energy is the most prospective renewable resource that humankind has access to, for acquiring the most usable energy. Photovoltaic thermal systems (PVT) are deemed to be one among the most efficient methods for capturing solar energy because of their distinct ability to produce electrical power by photovoltaic conversion while simultaneously dissipating the heat generated in the process. The necessity of financial investment is a major stumbling block in putting this strategy into action in actual application. This paper delivers updated literature on the economic aspects of PVT-Phase change materials (PCM) systems (installation, operation, and maintenance) that several researchers had carried out. Payback time is taken into account while calculating the profitability of PVT systems. Finally, the performances of several PVT-PCM systems were compared, and the economic analysis confirmed that the PVT system is financially viable. PVT system holds tremendous potential to be incorporated in residential/commercial buildings. The PVT system is a promising technology that still needs refinement in terms of overall efficiency and environmental factors, according to the available literature assessments.