Society Actors Research Articles

The Existence of Pekalongan Batik Cultural Heritage: Between Economy and Religion

This study explores the cultural heritage of Pekalongan batik, which holds the identity of the City of Batik and the City of Santri. The analysis focuses on the economic, cultural, and Islamic roles and how they determine the existence of batik businesses that have persisted until now. This study uses a cultural approach with case study analysis and finds that batik businesses transmit a cultural heritage that continues from generation to generation until batik becomes a cultural identity and the lifeblood of Pekalongan's economy. Cultural transmission occurs socially, through learning processes, interaction among peers, socialization in society, skill mastery cadreship, and batik business management. As a source of grassroots economy, batik is integrated into society's daily activities, crystallizing in mindset as tradition and implicating in the development and preservation of batik that always follows the dynamics of the times. The cultural inheritance of batik cannot be separated from the role of religion, which serves as a source of moral vitality and a means to preserve the existence and sustainability of batik business.

Design as a Political Object: The Necessary Positioning of the Designer as an Agent of Change.

Faced with what we could consider an act of connivance with the prevailing neoliberal model of leisure and production, the designer has become an apolitical, naïve and blind subject, immersed in the unthinking action of unlimited production. Humanity must feed 8 billion people while at the same time guaranteeing both its survival and the sustainability of the planet. Given this challenge, design must resituate the subject at the centre of the model in all its fields and specialities. This repositioning must come from a politicised, eco-centric and left-wing perspective to become an engine of social change, clearly and openly confronting extreme neoliberalism and its constant growth curve, a model that has placed humanity in a process of programmed self-extinction due to the prioritisation of earnings and profit over our own existence. The upcoming generations of design professionals will play a crucial role in the planet’s future. We are facing a challenge of capital proportions in which all actors in society and the market, among which design is one of the most relevant, will have to work together in unison. From within the interconnected international system that the academy represents, it falls on us to promote and encourage new attitudes that facilitate the repositioning of designers, removed but not alien to the perverse complexities of the extreme neoliberal market. For and because of this, we seek to enervate consciences and promote reflection in pursuit of the consequent revolt, which, if disregarded, will condemn us to failure as a society and as a species.

Industrial policy, green challenges, and international business

Nation-states are designing their industrial policies increasingly to not only enhance national competitiveness, but also to simultaneously address “Green Challenges”, concerns about the natural environment that require concerted action among different actors in society, including domestic and foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs). This blending of global and national policy objectives is leading to a new wave of industrial policies in advanced economies that are informed by scholarly discourses in evolutionary economics, innovation systems, and 'wicked problems'. We discuss the implications of these sustainability-oriented industrial policies for MNEs. They operate in increasingly diverse local ecosystems shaped by local actors and local policies as we illustrate for two such ecosystems in Nordic countries: circular economy and energy transition. Many MNEs face a tension between capabilities they could use to help nations achieve their sustainability goals and incentives to protect existing rents and business models. They may thus engage pro-actively or reactively in both market and nonmarket realms in each country in which they operate. We discuss the interactions between MNEs, governments, and other actors in host countries pursuing both sustainability and competitiveness objectives, and outline how ensuing tensions create new challenges and opportunities for international business scholarship.

Social Capital in the Patron-Client Dimension towards the Sustainability of Seaweed Cultivation Businesses in Rural Areas, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

The system of livelihoods in seaweed cultivation becomes the subject of study because of the factor of production, and the distribution of the output of production requires a strategy of merging between something material and non-material that involves interaction with various actors in society. The social capital awakened by the actors in the seaweed cultivation business through the patron-client dimension is an effort to ensure the sustainability of the business. The study aims to characterize the components of social capital that bind, bridge, and connect in the context of the relationship between actors in seaweed cultivation, including the important role of the combination of these three types of social capital in the sustainability of the seaweed cultivation business. The Research methods use qualitative descriptive approaches. Data is collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed with open, axial, and selective encoding. The results show that actors in seaweed cultivation enterprises combine the social capital components of bonding, bridging, and linking selectively, depending on the interests behind each interaction with different actors. Social bonding capital is owned by seaweed farmers in their interactions to gain access to financial capital (in the form of cash and loans). The patron-client relationship pattern is the most prominent of the reciprocity relationships, where the patron is the provider of corporate capital and the guarantor of subsistence is the cultivator. The social bridging and linking capital is owned in its interaction to gain access to social assistance and political support as well as networking. Mechanisms of sale of seaweed production are dominated by marketing networks using intermediary services (middlemen) through the concept of personalized exchange. In such market trading, the symptoms of “boro” (guarantees) are detected through subscription relationships between sellers and buyers characterized by regular personality contacts and through credit mechanisms known as “take now, pay later”. Therefore, social capital plays an important role in the sustainability of seaweed farming in the countryside. In a situation of economic or environmental change, social capital can help the farmer adapt and survive in his business and household life. We found that social capital plays an important role in the rural habitat system, where access to livelihoods depends on social relationships. Thus, support is needed to strengthen the capacity of social capital in societies because the configuration of the social capital elements can inherit the cognitive social capital, the social structural capital and the social relational capital necessary for the improved social, economic and cultural development of societies.

Institutional Coadaptation Work: How Refugees and Provisioning Institutions Coadapt in Pursuit of Consumption Adequacy

Prior research on refugee migration documents the acculturation processes through which refugees adapt to the cultural context of the host society. In this research, the authors complement the insights from prior research by uncovering how the host society's provisioning institutions coadapt in response to the consumption adequacy needs of refugees. To understand these coadaptation practices, they gather qualitative data from low-income Sri Lankan Tamil refugees who were repatriated to India in the face of violent ethnic conflict. The data aid in theorizing the concept of institutional coadaptation work, defined as the dyadic coadaptation of refugees and a host society's provisioning institutions, to serve the consumption adequacy needs of refugees. This coadaptation perspective envisages change as a collective process in which agency is distributed among multiple actors in society. More specifically, this research provides focused policy recommendations explaining how the government, market, and community can work collaboratively to address consumption adequacy needs of refugees.

Perkembangan Ekonomi dan Keuangan dalam Islam: Inspirasi dari Khulafaur Rasyidin

Islamic economics is the response of Islamic scholars to the economic challenges of their time, which is closely related to the Koran and hadith. Islamic economics is also a social science whose Islamic values ​​influence all of society's economic activities. Islamic economics is part of every aspect of life which is based on four sciences, namely the Al-Quran, Sunnah, Ijma', and Qiyas. This discusses a very inclusive way of life. The aim of this research is to describe the history of public policy and the development of Islamic political economy during the time of Khurafaur Rasyidin. Based on the results of this research, Khulafaur Rasyidin's leadership period consisted of four levels of leadership. The first economic policies implemented during the Khurafaur Rasyidin era were during the Abu Bakr era, the second during the reign of Umar bin Khattab, and the third during the reign of Uthman bin Affan, and finally during the reign of Ali bin Talib. Regarding his leadership, several activities were carried out, namely establishing Baitul, shopping centers, distribution of welfare, pension funds, soldiers' salaries, as well as distribution and collection of zakat to Muslim and non-Muslim communities. All of these activities can help develop the country's economy and improve people's living standards. The method used in this research is the library research method. The data collection technique is to conduct a literature review study regarding the problem to be solved. Keywoards: Public Policy; Islamic Economics; Khulafaur Rasyidin

LANDSCAPE: THE IMPETUS NEEDED FOR A FAIRER TAX SYSTEM AND FAIRER USE OF TAXES

Innovation, new technologies and techniques have transformed the economy and especially the tax landscape. The rapid process of e–fiscalization in Albania has influenced the improvement of the performance of the tax administration and institutions, the business climate and trust. The paper aims to explore the impact of e–fiscalization toward a fairer tax system, illustrating with a case study from Albania. The study provides an insight into the multi–dimensional impact of innovation and e–fiscalization on the economy, with a focus on the financial ecosystem, organizations and key actors in society. The qualitative investigation used supports the influence of fiscal innovation and new practices for increasing transparency and restoring trust, creating a new institutional and governance potential for both fairer taxation and fairer use of taxes.

Educating Cybersecurity Experts: Analysis of Cybersecurity Education in Finnish Universities

Cybersecurity is no longer just a technical discipline but a strategic concept. Nowadays, cybersecurity has become an essential part of national security strategies. The European Union and European countries have established cybersecurity strategies to strengthen European and national resilience against cyber threats and ensure that citizens and businesses can take full advantage of reliable services and digital tools. A wide range of actors in society, from both government and non-government sectors, are already involved in cybersecurity work. However, there is a constant need to increase the workforce of cybersecurity specialists to manage cybersecurity risks. Finland's cybersecurity strategy emphasizes the importance of developing cybersecurity education to address the cybersecurity risks the country faces. For the nation to achieve cyber self-sufficiency, the pool of cybersecurity specialists should include experts in every knowledge area relevant to various aspects of cybersecurity. Universities have a role in training cybersecurity specialists through their education programs. Consequently, universities should offer comprehensive education encompassing all cybersecurity knowledge areas. This paper aims to overview the state of cybersecurity education in Finland's universities by focusing on cybersecurity education content. By analysing the content of the universities' cybersecurity education, the aim was to understand how current education in Finland meets the cybersecurity knowledge areas of the European Cybersecurity Taxonomy. In spring 2023, data on cybersecurity degree programs and courses were collected through surveys from nine Finnish universities providing cybersecurity education. As a result, we gained an understanding of the capability of Finnish university-level cybersecurity education to offer specialists in different domain areas of cybersecurity.

Administrative Sanctions Against BPJS Kesehatan Independent Membership Reviewed from a Human Rights Perspective

Health services, obtaining social security, and public services are human rights of all Indonesian people, and statutory regulations protect their implementation. Membership in BPJS Health is mandatory for Indonesian people. The government will give administrative sanctions through written warnings and fines and not receive certain public services to independent participants if they do not participate in the BPJS Health program. These sanctions cause certain problems because getting public services is a constitutional right of society and a very important need in society's activities to develop itself. The research method used in this research is normative juridical with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results of the analysis and discussion show that the government is responsible for providing quality health and public services to the community. Administrative sanctions for independent participants for not registering as BPJS Health members are not in line with human rights.

Guidance booklet on violence against the elderly as an educational Tecnology: experience report

With the understanding that the issue of violence against elderly people, the relevance of implementing strategies to mitigate the damage suffered by elderly people who are victims of violence is evident. The objective of this article is to describe as an experience report the construction of the guidance booklet on violence against the elderly as an educational technology. This is an experience report work, with a qualitative, descriptive approach developed through the Center for Adult and Elderly Health Studies in Educational Technologies (NESAIted), which seeks to develop educational technologies through research that aims to facilitate the understanding common themes in everyday life, which are often neglected. This article is based on the following discussions: understanding the construction of the booklet as an educational technology and the information booklet as an educational technology on violence against the elderly. Furthermore, in an increasingly “digital” panorama, the notification of reports of violence against the elderly available for planning and directing effective actions is much more than having access to information and sharing knowledge. The informative booklet on screen in this article highlights the importance of society's action in situations with a potential risk of violence against the elderly with a view to preventing it.

Repowerment beyond empowerment: collaborative accountability of citizens, corporations and civil servants

PurposeThis article conceptualizes and constructs a comprehensive framework that can better help to answer that question – Who is accountable for social and public problems? – theoretically and practically.Design/methodology/approachTracing the drivers behind two phenomena “accountability hole” and “accountability black hole”, stemming from “pushing power game” and “pulling power game”, respectively, this study considers (1) the three actors of society: citizens (civil society), corporations (market) and civil servants (government), and (2) the principal-agent relationship between the three actors in the face of social and public problems. As a result, the 4CAs framework that contains the three actors’ collaborative accountabilities to one another is presented.FindingsThe 4CAs model emphasizes (1) all three actors function as agents that are accountable to one another, (2) collaborative accountability beyond collaborative governance and (3) repowering citizens and corporations beyond just empowering them, i.e. returning their inherent rights and obligations to serve one another.Originality/valueThe 4CAs model may function as a descriptive and prescriptive lens through which the trilemma between market failure, government failure and citizen failure can be re-assessed and balanced. The model can also be used as a set of indicators for assessing and helping a society to better resolve the social and public problems collectively.

The impact of technology on education

Technology has been impacting the entire society, not only by means of its benefi ts in comfort and increased productivity, but also, and mainly, by changing human relationships and the way power is exercised. We are in a time of transition where practices, concepts and values from past centuries coexist with behaviors, values and structures from the 21st century. This coexistence, not always peaceful, is the biggest challenge that political actors in society (including teachers and education operators) face in their daily lives.

Unraveling the influence of health protocol implementation for different clusters on COVID‐19 transmission in West Java, Indonesia

This article formulates and analyzes the COVID‐19 transmission model on West Java by considering the health protocol implementation level on three different clusters. The transmission possibilities are classified into three clusters based on the society's daily activities, including (1) retailing, (2) transit, and (3) recreation. The model was constructed by dividing the population into seven compartments, namely, susceptible ; susceptible in Clusters 1–3 ( , , and ); infected ; quarantined ; and recovered sub‐populations. To confirm the biological validity of the model, the existence, uniqueness, non‐negativity, and boundedness of the solution are investigated. The dynamical behaviors are studied analytically by applying linearization for local stability and the Lyapunov function along with the LaSalle's invariant principle for global stability. Some numerical processes are demonstrated to investigate the most global sensitivity of parameters, parameter estimation, fitting data, and the impact of health protocol implementation on the density of each population.

Kota Schoemaker

This article discuss the history of Bandung as a colonial city that was titled 'Schoemaker City' by famous architect H.P. Berlage who visited Bandung in late April 1923. The city of Bandung was being developed rapidly from the 1910s to the early 1920s with the work of well-known Dutch East Indies architects, including C.P. Wolff Schoemaker and Richard L.A. Schoemaker. They designed many public buildings in Bandung with their characteristic architectural styles. This research focuses on the history of Bandung and its image in relation to the architectural works of the Schoemaker brothers during 1915-1923 that impressed H.P. Berlage by using the historical method that consists of heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography, as well as the science of architecture. This article analyzes the history of the Schoemaker brothers' architectural works that were prominent in important areas and became part of the activities in Bandung City until titled 'Schoemaker City'. The Schoemaker brothers' architectural designs have a characteristic architectural style and became part of the colonial society's activities in important areas of Bandung City, which encouraged H.P. Berlage to title it 'Schoemaker City'.

Exploring Public Interest in Limited-Use Areas and Compensation from Airports in Poland: A Google Trends Analysis

Abstract This article evaluates online social behavior regarding the establishment of limited-use areas (LUAs) around the airports in Warsaw and Gdansk. The study relied mainly on an analysis of Google Trends statistics, in particular the dynamics of keyword searches. The article suggests that assessments of online behavior can provide a deeper understanding of social behavior. The study involved an OLS regression analysis and a causal impact analysis of the intervention based on a Bayesian structural time-series model. This article analyses different phases of an information society's activity, from the introduction of LUAs around airports to the deadline for submitting compensation claims. The results indicate that the number of searches for the keyword "compensation" increased significantly after the introduction of LUAs and that RSV decreased after the end of the compensation process, which confirms that the intervention significantly influenced the analyzed time series.

Agents of platform governance: Analyzing U.S. civil society's role in contesting online content moderation

This paper examines the role of civil society in shaping content moderation governance arrangements in the United States. Drawing on prior research that recognizes the importance of civil society in shaping policy, this article analyzes the experiences of civil society practitioners engaged in content moderation activism. Based on in-depth original interviews with civil society practitioners, I demonstrate how civil society's activity in this space aligns with known regulatory standard-setting process competencies and suggest advocacy work benefits from the power of coalition lobbying and social capital. Moreover, I highlight the sense of frustration from some practitioners that they are not compensated by firms for their monitoring and reporting work that improves platforms' products, and I offer preliminary reasons for why practitioners contest moderation norms. The paper's insights contribute to the study of platform governance by illuminating informal mechanisms utilized by civil society, which holds broader implications for understanding the dynamics of non-state actors in shaping online platforms and their policies.

Consuming Royalty

Consuming Royalty

Wildlife conservation society’s activities and biodiversity conservation in protected areas in cross river state, Nigeria

Despite the activities of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) in protected areas in Cross River State, a high level of forest resource exploitation is still occasioned by indiscriminate logging, wildlife poaching, bush burning, and dangerous fishing. Previous studies in the study area and Africa have identified some reasons for this continuous biodiversity exploitation. However, the effect of the activities of the WCS has yet to be analyzed. This study used a correlational research design to examine the Wildlife Conservation Society's (WCS) activities and biodiversity conservation in Protected Areas in Cross River State. A sample of 1360 respondents from a population of 76,704 inhabitants in the 25 support Zone Communities in Afi, Mbe, and Okwangwo Divisions of Cross River National Park (CRNP) was drawn. After receiving face and content validity from experts, a 30-item structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The instrument's Cronbach alpha reliability indices varied between 0.83 and 0.89. The data analysis method employed was Simple Linear Regression analysis. The analysis revealed that conservation education activities, alternative livelihood support, and anti-poaching patrols significantly contributed to biodiversity conservation in Protected Areas in Cross River State. Based on this result, it was concluded that the activities of WCS to ensure adequate conservation of biodiversity-ecosystem in Protected Areas in Cross River State yield intermediate results. It was recommended that WCS intensify efforts in educating community people around protected areas in Cross River State, increase and monitor alternative livelihood support, and intensify anti-poaching patrols in all the protected areas.

Does the environment really benefit from the vehicle verification program?... truth or utopia

Regarding the objective raised here in relation to the analysis of the situation of the programs involved with vehicle verification, its implications and especially if there is a benefit to the environment, it is perceived that the situation of environmental pollution is an issue that should involve everyone the actors of society, that is, the population itself must contribute with its obligations and educate from home to guarantee harmony in relation to public policies related to the care of the environment. The role of schools, at their different levels, must also be an essential driving force to contribute to the education received at home and thus reinforce knowledge in future generations, which will bring socio-environmental benefits. What can we say about the role of governments that have an effective participation in the promotion of programs that benefit the environment and consider the research that is developed in educational institutions at the undergraduate and graduate levels to implement it for the benefit of the environment. Since mitigating the effects of pollution and public health must always be a priority.

Understanding the Effect of Climate Change on Migratory Birds: A Review

Climate change is being referred to as a global plague and has significant negative consequences on the world’s economic, social, and ecological systems. Extreme weather consequences like drought, floods, and heat waves have had unprecedented occurrences and have had substantial effects on animals and plants. Climate change significantly influences animal phenologies, such as bird arrival and egg-laying times. As a result of these present and future climate change impacts, species interactions with their local environment are anticipated to change, resulting in changes in population size, range extent, and extinction rates. The current review discusses the effect of climate changes on migratory birds and concludes that climate change is one of the most serious dangers to world ecological systems, as indicated by the numerous ecological impacts imposed by changing climate on migratory birds. Climate change significantly affects breeding strategies, migration, distribution, latitudinal or altitudinal shift, community structure change, morphological change, and elimination or extinction of migratory birds. The current review attempts to communicate research and advances in the effect of climate change on migratory birds to different actors in society, including researchers, conservationists, practitioners, and policymakers.