Activity Participation Behavior Research Articles

Community resilience enhances epidemic prevention: Moderating role of residents’ participation in community-based epidemic prevention

Technologies and processes that can reduce infectious disease spread are relatively well developed, but, how to implement these public health measures at the community level remains a challenge. Building community resilience is a way to address this challenge. This study aims to assess the impact of community resilience on community-level epidemic prevention effectiveness, along with residents’ participation in community-based epidemic prevention (RPCBEP) as a possible moderator of this association. To reflect the multidimensional nature of community resilience, we further screened key resilience factors affecting community epidemic prevention effectiveness and verified the moderating role of RPCBEP on the association between key resilience factors and community epidemic prevention effectiveness. A total of 2275 resident questionnaires from 110 communities of Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China, were collected in July–August 2022. Moderation analysis was performed using the Process 3.3 macro. The results showed that community resilience, in general, and the key factors of leadership and preparedness in particular were positively associated with community epidemic prevention effectiveness. Moreover, RPCBEP played a positive moderating role in all these associations. Our study has focused on the community effectiveness of the public health measures from community resilience and citizen participation, enriching the study of policy effectiveness in the context of public health crises. Our findings indicated that community epidemic prevention effectiveness not only requires systematic resilient capacity construction but is also closely related to the active participation behaviors of residents. Our results highlight the important role of community governance of a combination of “top-down” and “bottom-up” in epidemic prevention.

Exploring the relationships among fear of missing out (FoMO), sensation seeking and leisure activity participation

ABSTRACT Fear of missing out (FoMO) is a prominent phenomenon in the literature, and can play a significant role in activity participation behaviour of individuals. Although there are a growing number of studies exploring this phenomenon, the number of studies dealing with relationships among FoMO, sensation seeking, social media usage, and leisure activity participation is extremely limited. The basic aim of the study was to reveal the correlation between participation type and frequency in leisure activities with social media use habits, FoMO and sensation-seeking levels. Data were collected through an online survey method through a questionnaire about the type of activity attended in leisure time, frequency of participation, FoMO, senseation seeking and social media use habits. Data obtained from a sample of 1248 were analyzed. As a result of the corresponding analysis, individuals who frequently participate in leisure activities have higher FoMO and excitement seeking. According to the number of active friends on social media, a relationship was found between the frequency of social media usage, the status of that use, and the frequency of involvement in leisure activities. Likewise, it has been revealed that there are significant correlations between characteristics and the types and frequencies of engagement in leisure activities.

Overcoming inertia for sustainable urban development: Understanding the role of stimuli in shaping residents' participation behaviors in neighborhood regeneration projects in China

Neighborhood regeneration has become essential component of environmental improvement, and promoting resident participation is a key aspect of effective environmental management. However, in China, the legacy of the former housing allocation system and specific cultural contexts have led to residents' psychological inertia towards participating in neighborhood regeneration. Although there has been extensive research on encouraging resident participation, most studies fail to recognize that cultivating active participation behavior among residents usually requires overcoming their existing reluctance or psychological inertia first. Grounded on the innovative notion of psychological inertia, this paper puts forth the perspective that to foster resident participation, it is imperative to initially disrupt their current participation inertia and subsequently facilitate the reconfiguration of their participation behavior. Specifically, it addresses two key research questions: (i) which factors are conducive to stimulating residents to overcome inherent psychological inertia and stimulate their positive participation attitudes? (ii) How do these stimuli shape and reconstruct residents' participation behavior? Based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) theory and structural equation modeling (SEM), this paper unveils the mask of intrinsic mechanism for overcoming psychological inertia and reshaping residents' participation behavior. The empirical results show that three stimulating factors (information acquisition, social norms, and perceived grassroots government support) directly impact residents' participating attitudes; these stimuli reconstruct participation behavior by triggering individual psychological changes and then inducing behavioral changes. With the new insight of “overcoming psychological inertia” and the incorporation of behavioral psychology in restructuring resident participation behavior, this paper presents implementation strategies for promoting resident participation in neighborhood regeneration.

How Can Incentive Mechanisms and Blockchain Benefit with Each Other? A Survey

In a blockchain-based system, the lack of centralized control requires active participation and cooperative behaviors of system entities to ensure system security and sustainability. However, dynamic environments and unpredictable entity behaviors challenge the performances of such systems in practice. Therefore, designing a feasible incentive mechanism to regulate entity behaviors becomes essential to improve blockchain system performance. The prosperous characteristics of blockchain can also contribute to an effective incentive mechanism. Unfortunately, current literature still lacks a thorough survey on incentive mechanisms related to the blockchain to understand how incentive mechanisms and blockchain make each other better. To this end, we propose evaluation requirements in terms of the properties and costs of incentive mechanisms. On the one hand, we provide a taxonomy of the incentive mechanisms of blockchain systems according to blockchain versions, incentive forms, and incentive goals. On the other hand, we categorize blockchain-based incentive mechanisms according to application scenarios and incentive goals. During the review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of state-of-the-art incentive mechanisms based on the proposed evaluation requirements. Through careful review, we present how incentive mechanisms and blockchain benefit with each other, discover a number of unresolved issues, and point out corresponding potential directions for future research.

A multiple discrete-continuous extreme value model with ordered preferences (MDCEV-OP): Modelling framework for episode-level activity participation and time-use analysis

This paper formulates a novel, multiple discrete-continuous extreme value model with ordered preferences (MDCEV-OP) to analyze multiple discrete-continuous (MDC) choices at a disaggregate level, including the number of instances different alternatives are chosen and the amount of consumption at each instance of choice. In doing so, the proposed model ensures a logically consistent prediction of multiple choice instances of an alternative. Specifically, the model prevents the prediction of positive allocation to the jth instance (i.e., a frequency of j episodes) of a good while predicting zero allocation to the (j-1)th or lower-numbered instances of that alternative. This is achieved by imposing a non-increasing order on the baseline-preference parameters of different choice instances of an alternative. The model results in a conditional likelihood function, where the likelihood arising from the optimality conditions of the utility maximization problem is conditioned on the ordering of baseline marginal utilities. Combining this strategy with independent and identically distributed (IID) Gumbel stochastic terms in the utility functions results in a closed-form likelihood expression that is not much more difficult than that of the MDCEV model. The proposed framework is applied for an empirical analysis of disaggregate, episode-level activity participation and time allocation behavior of non-working adults in Los Angeles, California. The empirical MDCEV-OP model provided better fit and predictive accuracy (in both estimation and validation datasets) for analyzing episode-level activity participation than a disaggregate MDCEV model that does not recognize the logical ordering of episodes. At the same time, the activity-level predictions aggregated from the episode-level predictions of the MDCEV-OP model do not deviate significantly from the predictions of an aggregate MDCEV model. These results highlight the efficacy of the proposed model for analyzing episode-level activity generation and time allocation.

Effects of Group Dynamic Assessment on L2 Chinese learners’ literacy development: Learners’ responsiveness to interactive mediation

Abstract Dynamic Assessment (DA), an innovative assessment approach, has begun to attract attention as a conceptualization of assessment that emphasizes the social interactive role of learning. Although DA receives attention in the field of language testing/assessment, its feasibility in engaging larger cohorts of individuals is concerned. This shortcoming of DA leads to the application of Group Dynamic Assessment (G-DA). This study examined the extent to which mediation provided through G-DA frameworks – concurrent and cumulative – supported a group of language learners’ literacy development. It investigates five intermediate L2 Chinese learners’ rhetorical awareness via their performance on Chinese reading and writing tasks. One Chinese rhetorical structures, the ‘Qi-cheng-zhuan-he’ approach, was selected because it is considered the most difficult learning point for Chinese learners. Findings were reported: 1) the mediation provided to the participants through both concurrent and cumulative G-DA approaches promoted their understanding of the ‘Qi-cheng-zhuan-he’ approach, 2) the more times a participant engaged as the primary interactant, the better learning outcome he/she would present, 3) individual participant had different developmental level and thus showed various extent of responsiveness to the teacher’s mediation; yet, their active participation, either verbal or nonverbal behaviors, would foster their learning performance. Pedagogical applications are discussed.

Research on the Influencing Factors of Sustainable Development of Smart Community

The sustainable development of China’s smart community is the top priority of grassroots governance in China and also the general trend of China’s urban modernization. Sustainable development of smart community with the use of the new generation of information technology actively explores the development model of smart community construction and improves the modern level of community governance. The sustainable development of smart communities in China cannot be separated from the participation of residents. This study analyzes the relationship between the sustainable development of smart communities and the participation of Chinese residents. Data were collected through questionnaire survey, and SEM model was used to analyze the impact of different factors of residents’ participation on the sustainable development of smart communities as well as the differences among these factors. The results of the study are as follows. Chinese smart community is in the initial stage of development, and the overall participation level of residents is relatively shallow, with few active participation behaviors. To realize the sustainable development of smart community in China, a multilevel governance pattern should be constructed from the perspective of government. Community and residents, the thinking mode of grassroots government, should be changed. The service supply system of smart community should be improved, and the initiative of residents should be given full play to better realize the sustainable development of smart community.

Examining Adolescent Tennis Participation in Contemporary China Using an Ecological Framework.

Physical activity and sport participation behaviors in children and adolescents are consistently shaped by surrounding ecological systems. Accumulating evidence highlights individual, family, peer, school and teacher, and macroenvironment elements such as policies that affect unstructured physical activity choices in youth populations. However, the reason for participation has not been fully interpreted from the perspective of the youth themselves, especially those from an Asian cultural background. In our study, we aimed to better understand the self-identified reasons for adolescents’ participation in non-organized or spontaneous tennis practice in contemporary China. Twenty-six adolescents and informants were recruited in mainland China and participated in semi-structured interviews to provide thick descriptions of their continued tennis participation behaviors. Data were coded and analyzed via NVivo 12. Four themes emerged: (a) Individual characteristics and self-interpretations of tennis culture; (b) microsystems mediating adolescents’ tennis participation; (c) barriers and obstacles impacting tennis participation; and (d) policies and macroenvironments. Adolescent tennis participation is a result of the integration effect of the sociocultural and ecological factors dominated by multifaceted ecological systems. As a particular vision of their physical activity experiences, adolescents’ interpretation of tennis and their broader worldview has been continuously reshaped by concurrent sport and educational policies.

Impacts of COVID-19 lockdown on time allocation for sedentary and physical activities – The context of Indian university students

IntroductionCovid-19 pandemic has impacted individuals’ time allocation decisions. As it is known that university students display behaviors different from the general population, very few studies have examined their activity participation and time allocation behavior during the pandemic. The present study investigates the changes in time allocations to sedentary, physically active, and eat-sleep activities before and during the pandemic. MethodsThe study hypothesizes that active mode (walk, bicycle) and transit users would compensate for the physical efforts by increasing physical activities at home during the lockdown. Students' perception of personal well-being, anxiety, and individual leisure during the pandemic and their impacts on time allocation decisions after controlling for demographic variables and temporal effects are also explored. A pan India behavioral data of 203 samples collected using an online survey conducted between May to July 2020, during India's lockdown phase, is used for analysis. A series of segmented analyses (using ANOVA's and Kruskal-Wallis Test) and empirical modeling (linear mixed-effect regression) were conducted based on the time use distribution. ResultsFindings showed that university students from low-income households and students who own a bicycle show a higher tendency to spend time in physical activities during lockdown periods. Students accessing college using active modes (before lockdown) allocate less time to sedentary and eat-sleep activities than physical activities during the lockdown period. Students' perception of Leisure items among those who use active modes is significantly different from those of private and public mode users. ConclusionsFrom a policy viewpoint, such investigation would help implicitly understand and publicize the health benefits of active modes and transit and encourage their use. For instance, policymakers and transport planners can temporarily allocate less-used motorized streets (due to the pandemic) to students who prefer walking and cycling as universities still function online in India.

Effects of COVID-19 on physical activity and mood in the middle-aged people: Concerns and strategies

Objective: To assess the impact of coronavirus on the physical activity levels before and during self-quarantine, and the effect of self-isolation on the total mood status of Iranian citizens during the covid-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: A national sample of 2359 middle-aged (M age=42.8±5.3 years, n=1183,50.1%, male; n=1148, 48.7% female) Iranian completed an online questionnaire that assessed changes in daily physical activity behavior and mood status from March 20th to April 20th, 2020. The questionnaire implemented to collect the total duration, intensity, and frequency of physical activity and their psychological mood condition via the BRUMS Mood Scale. Results: There were significant differences between physical activity frequency, duration, and intensity before and during the coronavirus pandemic. There was no significant difference between the total mood conditions between the sex categories. The main key finding of the current study is that the total physical activity participation behavior of our middle-aged populations has decreased meaningfully. Conclusion: The present study has provided important approaches that should be implemented to promote the engagement of middle-aged adults in physical activity. Therefore, based on scientific evidence, maintaining a regular physical activity routine regarding world health organization guidelines is a key strategy for physical health.

Characterizing visitor engagement behavior at large-scale events: Activity sequence clustering and ranking using GPS tracking data

This study uses GPS data of 1461 participants at a planned special event organized in Oshkosh, Wisconsin named AirVenture to characterize their spatio-temporal activity participation behavior. The GPS data is used to derive activity sequences for participants and study the attractiveness of various activities at the event site. A validation procedure is proposed using aerial photos, from which crowd density is estimated and compared to heatmaps of GPS data. A machine learning clustering approach is used to group participants into market segments on the basis of their activity sequences. The results show a prevalence of 6 behavioral groups with statistical tests confirming significant differences related to movement and time use. Finally, a multinomial logit model is formulated, demonstrating that age, prior visitation, and attendance plan (daily vs. weekly) affect the typological behavior. The results reveal valuable insights that can help special event organizers with related marketing and planning strategies.

User incentive mechanism in blockchain-based online community: An empirical study of steemit

The rise of blockchain technology has brought innovations in various business domains and spawned a new form of organization—the decentralized autonomous organization (DAO). Steemit is recognized as one of the earliest blockchain-based online communities, and a typical example of DAO. By endowing community members with new roles, the decentralization of blockchain-based communities brings changes to the design of user incentive mechanisms. However, few studies have paid attention to the user incentive mechanism when users play the dual roles of social participant and community owner. On the basis of social capital theory and psychological ownership theory, this study explores Steemit's incentive mechanism by evaluating the impact of these dual roles on user active participation behavior. The study adopts a two-way fixed effect negative binomial regression to test the research model. The results show that users’ social capital, share capital, social feedback, and economic feedback positively affect their active participation behavior. At the same time, social feedback and economic feedback play moderating roles on the effects of the dual capitals. Overall, this research provides both theoretical insights and practical implications for understanding, designing, and governing blockchain-based online communities.

Value co-creation and life satisfaction in home-based accommodations (HBOs)

Value co-creation is important in the hospitality setting such as home-based accommodations (HBOs). This study attempted to examine the formation of individuals’ life satisfaction from a perspective of value co-creation in a specific HBO context. The study proposes that the value co-creation process, which includes sensory stimulus and hospitality culture as two dimensions of HBO servicescape and perceived value as an outcome contributes to benefits such as memorable experience and life satisfaction. In addition, the moderating role of customer behavior (i.e., interaction behavior and active participation behavior) was also examined. The data was collected from 362 tourists who stayed in HBO in Pingyao, China. The study results from structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that both two dimensions of servicescape are significant predictors of perceived value, which further has a significant impact on life satisfaction through memorable experiences. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

The architecture of complexity in the relationships between information and communication technologies and travel: A review of empirical studies

The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) has become an integral part of people’s lives, having complex interactions with different facets of human activity participation and travel behaviour. Studies over decades have tried to understand the relationships between ICT and travel. However, the fast evolution of ICT systems and the complex nature of these relationships have resulted in a limited understanding of the overall architecture, the sub-components, and their interactions. This study aims to achieve two objectives. First, we update the current state of knowledge on ICT-travel relationships by conducting an extensive literature review. Second, based on the findings of the review, we propose a conceptual model that identifies sub-components and their interrelationships that need to be better understood to accurately grasp the impacts of ICT on transportation. We summarized 186 empirical studies from the perspectives of survey methods, ICT devices, services, applications, direct relationships with travel behaviour related variables and higher-order or indirect impacts on other parameters such as emissions and congestion. It was observed that the nature of empirical results would depend on assumptions, objectives and type of data used. The findings of the review were then used to classify architecture in the relationship between ICT and travel into four distinct types. The merits, demerits, and challenges associated with the analysis across types were then illustrated. We then develop a conceptual model that highlighted and discussed the possible interactions between 1) ICT systems, 2) travel-related factors and 3) higher-order variables.

Siyasal Katılımda Sosyal Ağların Rolü: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Political participation is the activities that are carried out in the political fields and the pressureof the citizens on the part that holds the government in different ways or who is in power in the political sense, to create various effects by directly or indirectly participating in the politicalprocess. Along with traditional participation methods, social transformations experienced withtechnology development and modern participation types gained importance along withinnovative developments. The aim of the study is whether the technological developments andsocial networks in daily life affect the political participation of the students who use these networks the most. For this reason, the political participation behaviors and the effect of socialnetworks on the student studying in Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Faculty of Economicsand Administrative Sciences were examined. In the study; social networks are frequently usedby university students, these uses increase students' interest in politics however, it was concluded that social networks were not effective in the active political participation behaviors of studentsin general.

COVID-19 and its long-term effects on activity participation and travel behaviour: A multiperspective view

This paper discusses possible long-term effects of COVID-19 on activity-travel behaviour. Making use of theories and concepts from economics, psychology, sociology, and geography, this work argues that lasting effects can be expected, and specifically that peak demand among car and public transport users may be lower than if the pandemic would never have happened. The magnitude of such effects at the aggregate level in terms of the total travel time of all inhabitants of a country or state is likely limited. Such lasting effects imply that additional infrastructure extensions to reduce congestion on roads and crowding in public transport might have a lower benefit-cost ratio than would be the case without these impacts. The paper discusses avenues for future research, including work on the role of attitude changes, the formation of new habitual behaviour, new social norms and practices, well-being effects, and the role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT).

Activity participation, episode duration and stop-making behavior of pilgrims in a religious event: An exploratory analysis

Activity travel pattern of pilgrims in a religious setting is a complex process. Extant literature on religious tourism has taken minimal efforts in addressing such complexity, which has led to a paucity of information on preferred activity participation destinations and trip chain sequences of pilgrims. So, the present research objective is two-fold. First, to examine the causal effects of socio-demographics and daily local temperature on activity participation, trip chain type, and time allocation of individuals using structural equation modeling (SEM) that can help identify the dominant activity patterns. Second is to explore the impact of socio-demographic variables and activity patterns on the propensity of stop-making behavior using an ordered logit (OL) framework to better plan and manage the influx of flows. The primary data was collected using an activity-travel diary by taking the case study of the Kumbh Mela event, which is considered as the world's largest mass religious gathering, held at Ujjain, India, in 2016. From the results, it is observed that Males have a lower tendency to take multiple stops for primary religious activities and have simple trip chains. An increase in the members of a family visiting Kumbh decreases their overall time spent across various activities. As the mercury (temperature) rises, it reduces tourist's participation in recreational and discretionary activities. Individuals who participate in primary and secondary religious activities tend to spend more time at Kumbh as compared to individuals who primarily visit for recreational purposes. These empirical findings provide meaningful insights for managing large religious events.

How do out-of-home workers spend their daily time? An empirical comparison across five cities in china

The way that people spend their daily time is one critical indicator of local culture, lifestyle, quality of life, and well-being. Based on data collected from five cities in China, this paper attempts to examine the socio-demographic determinants of workers’ time-use pattern for activity participation and related travel behavior, with a particular focus on the comparison among cities with diverse backgrounds. The results of seemingly unrelated regression models suggest that certain similarities and differences are concurrent across cities. Further, different groups of individuals tend to have different complex decision-making mechanisms to engage in various types of activities and travel, which are practically shaped by finance budget, space, and time constraints. This study highlights the need to tailor transport policies according to different urban mobility culture.

Are All Contributions Equal? Investigating the Role of Community Participation in Crowdwork

ABSTRACTA characteristic of crowdwork (i.e., online labor) is that many workers actively participate in online communities. Despite some anecdotal evidence that these communities help sustain workers, crowdwork struggles with high turnover rate. Meanwhile, it is unclear whether the acclaimed benefits of online communities materialize in earnings. Our objective is to understand what forms of active participation behavior in crowdwork communities affect workers’ earnings and continuance, why, and how. Our empirical probe to these questions is guided by a theoretically grounded tripartite taxonomy of active community participation behavior. We adopt simultaneous equations modeling with instrumental variables and analyze a multisource dataset of 283 crowdworkers who are members of a crowdwork community. We show that decomposing posting behavior into different types reveals its controversial relationships with work outcomes. Specifically, discussing crowdwork skills increases earnings. In contrast, socializing with other workers results in lower earnings. Somewhat counterintuitively, contributing knowledge to the community is negatively related to crowdwork continuance intention. Overall, the effects of the disaggregated community posting behavior imply that online communities can have profound impacts on crowdwork.

The Effects of Individualized Positive Behavior Support on Distractive Behavior and Activity Participation Behavior of a Child with Developmental Delays

이 연구는 통합교육 상황에서 실시된 개별차원의 긍정적 행동지원이 발달지체유아의 수업 중 산만한 행동과 활동참여 행동에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시되었다. 연구대상은 만 3세 7개월 남아 1명으로 수업 시 자리에 앉아 있지 못하고 물건을 흩어 놓는 등 산만한 행동이 지속적으로 나타나면서 활동 참여가 어려운 아동이다. 아동의 현행 수준은 베일리 발달검사, K-CDI, Eyberg 아동행동 검사, 교사의 관찰을 통해서 이루어졌다. 연구는 ABAB 설계를 적용하였고 연구자와 통합학급 담임교사, 특수교육실무원, 그리고 부모가 발달지체 유아의 문제행동 기능평가를 하였다. 그리고 기능평가 결과에 따른 가설을 세우고 그것을 토대로 긍정적 행동지원 계획안을 수립 후 중재를 실행하였다. 연구 결과개별차원의 긍정적 행동지원은 발달지체유아의 수업 중 산만한 행동을 감소시키고 활동참여 행동을 증가시키는 긍정적인 영향을 주었음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 개별차원의 긍정적 행동지원이 통합유치원에 있는 발달지체 유아의 수업 중 산만한 행동을 줄이고 활동 참여를 높여주는 데 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 시사한다.