Activities Of Economic Entities Research Articles

Foreign Investments as a Factor Ensuring Economic Security of Ukraine

The article explores the theoretical foundations of the concepts of «security», «national security», «economic security», «investment security», and their interrelations within the components of a state's national security. The necessity of attracting foreign investments while considering economic security is emphasized. The authors propose their interpretation of the definition of «investment security in the sphere of foreign investment». Characteristics of national interests in the field of investment security are provided, and directions for forming a system to ensure it are identified. Sources of threats to attracting foreign investments for the domestic economy are identified. The dynamics of the balance of payments according to the financial account and the volumes of foreign direct investments for the years 2014-2023 are examined, providing insight into the country's investment climate. Attention is drawn to the significance of Ukraine's investment attractiveness index, which has been the lowest in the past decade since the onset of full-scale military aggression. This indicates that the investment climate in Ukraine does not contribute to an increase in foreign investment volumes. The analysis focuses on key indicators of investment security, including the investment attractiveness index and the ratio of net FDI inflows to GDP. It is elucidated that since 2016, there has predominantly been a deficit in the balance of payments, and the share of accumulation of foreign direct investment relative to GDP has not reached the threshold level of the indicator. It is highlighted that apart from state-level security factors, there are those that depend directly on the activities of economic entities, particularly the level of timeliness of accounting and analytical support for foreign investments. The main directions of ensuring economic security in the process of attracting foreign capital are determined.

Tunable resource allocation dynamics for interpreting economic complexity

A lot of effort has been devoted to network structural interpretations of the economic complexity which can affect the level of economic growth and the activities of economic entities, although it remains unknown how network dynamical interpretations on which the economic complexity index operates affects its performance. Here, we regard export trade flows as the dynamics of resource allocation, and design a tunable resource allocation (TRA) process for interpreting economic complexity. The TRA could degrade into the classical economic complexity index (ECI) when the tunable parameter equals zero. We apply the TRA dynamics to the perfectly nested triangular matrix and the real country-product bipartite network from the world trade data to interpret economic complexity respectively. The parametric interpretations provide conceptual descriptions of the economic complexity index, shedding new light on a pattern of specialization of resource allocation, and the fluctuation of the economic complexity in countries and products. Moreover, the relationship of economic complexity between countries and products in the framework of TRA reveals that higher-ECI countries usually specialize in higher-ECI products while products not so as to countries, and the correlation strength varies with tunable parameters.

Innovative Development of tax Administration in Russia

The use of modern innovative technologies raises tax administration to a qualitatively new level of development, which determines the relevance of the study. At the same time, the digital transformation of the tax system should be based on classical principles of taxation, meet the interests of tax authorities and taxpayers, and prevent tax risks. The purpose of the study is to identify trends of tax administration in Russia and to develop a forecast of its innovative development from the standpoint of classical principles of taxation. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to solve the following tasks: problem statement; review of the main information technologies used by the Federal Tax Service of Russia; study of information exchange of data; determination of the impact of innovative development of tax administration on the activities of economic entities. In preparing the article, the authors used methods of analysis and synthesis of empirical data of information platforms, as well as a systematic approach and a method of interpreting the results during scientific research. The novelty of the paper lies in the author’s view of the prospects for the innovative development of tax administration. The results of the study proved the high efficiency of the digital technologies used. It is shown that the innovative development of administration strengthens tax control, increases budget revenues, increases the role of the state in the field of taxation. It is concluded that innovative tax administration significantly affects the behavior of taxpayers, causes their concern about the growth of tax risks. The completed forecast of innovative development of tax administration showed a high probability of changing the status of an organization to an individual entrepreneur, loss of tax revenues from developing e-commerce.

Determining the stages of external and internal financial control

Subject. This article deals with the issues related to the determination of the stages of external and internal financial control over the activities of economic entities, including budgetary institutions. Objectives. The article aims to substantiate the composition, content and sequence of stages of external and internal financial control, the implementation of which ensures an improvement of the efficiency of control over the functioning of economic entities, the quality of organization and the implementation of control activities. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of detailing, generalization, observation, comparison, and grouping. Results. The article summarizes the approaches known in regulatory legal acts and specialized literature to the allocation of stages of organization and conduct of financial control, substantiates the expediency of distinguishing the stages of control activities and the stages of implementation of control measures, and offers the author-developed version of the allocation of stages of internal financial control based on a risk-oriented approach. Conclusions. When developing organizational and methodological support for certain types of financial control, it is necessary to distinguish between the stages of control activities and the stages of control measures. When distinguishing the stages of external and internal financial control, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the implementation of each of them. The results obtained can contribute to the development of organizational and methodological provisions of financial control.

Theoretical approaches to the formation of the organizational structure of enterprise management

The activities of economic entities in modern market conditions necessitate the formation of an organizational structure of enterprise management that can meet the goals and objectives of the company, as well as meet the challenges of internal and external factors. The relevance of the consideration of theoretical approaches to the formation of the organizational structure of enterprise management is due to the importance of the separation of powers of the company’s personnel for the organized interaction of management bodies and the distribution of job responsibilities among employees. The formation of the organizational structure of enterprise management is carried out with the aim of sustainable ordering of the set of interrelated components that ensure the functioning and operation of the enterprise as a single well–functioning mechanism. Organizational management structures are created at enterprises in order to coordinate and monitor the activities of all services of the enterprise and its personnel. The formation of the organizational structure of enterprise management is carried out with the aim of sustainable ordering of the set of interrelated components that ensure the functioning and operation of the enterprise as a single well–functioning mechanism.

Methodological recommendations for digital rating of economic indicators of enterprises

Introduction. The introduction of the economic rating will contribute to the centralization of control over the activities of economic entities by various state bodies. On the other hand, the profile rating will allow to avoid subjectivity in the evaluation of the economic activity of enterprises by state bodies and other subjects of economic activity and to establish a transparent and understandable work of the state bodies themselves for subjects of economic activity and society as a whole. The purpose of the paper is in a careful study and analysis of the international and domestic experience of rating the activities of enterprises according to profile and economic indicators in Ukraine with the aim of developing agreed unified methodological recommendations regarding the rating of business entities in the process of European integration. of Ukraine. Results. In order to determine the rating of the enterprise by profile indicators, it is necessary to evaluate the main indicators of the profile activity of the enterprise, minimizing and simplifying their calculation, as well as to introduce a digital rating of the profile indicators of the enterprise. With two-way communication between the enterprise and other market participants, this will simplify relations between them. On the other hand, state bodies will be able to direct the development of enterprises in the right direction, in accordance with the adopted policy of socio-economic development. Conclusions. The proposed methodological recommendations on the digital rating of the profile indicators of enterprises will allow to improve the legal framework for determining the rating of the enterprise to obtain a scale of reliability of the enterprise as a business entity, to eliminate significant problems of corruption in the distribution of financial funds, to improve financial and credit discipline, first of all, in the central authorities , and secondly in industries, regions, cities and credit institutions, etc.

Методичні рекомендації щодо рейтингування економічних показників підприємств

The introduction of the economic rating will contribute to the centralization of control over the activities of economic entities by various state bodies. On the other hand, the economic rating will allow to avoid subjectivity in the evaluation of the economic activity of enterprises by state bod-ies and other subjects of economic activity and to establish a transparent and understandable work of the state bodies themselves for subjects of economic activity and society as a whole. It consists in a careful study and analysis of the international and domestic experience of rat-ing the economic activity of enterprises according to economic and economic indicators in Ukraine in order to develop agreed and unified methodological recommendations for the ranking of business entities in the process of European integration of Ukraine. To determine the rating of the company by economic indicators, it is necessary to evaluate the main indicators of the economic activity of the enterprise, minimizing and simplifying their calcula-tion, and to introduce a digital rating of the economic indicators of the company. With two-way communication between the enterprise and other market participants, this will simplify relations be-tween them. On the other hand, state bodies will be able to direct the development of enterprises in the right direction, according to the adopted policy of socio-economic development. The proposed recommendations will help to simplify the conditions for obtaining privileges by honest and conscientious enterprises in the form of quotas, licenses, permits, benefits, subsidies. The proposed system will enable government bodies, as well as other commercial institutions, to conduct a kind of audit of the enterprise, to see the overall picture of the state of its activity, to transparently select the best in the industry and grant them privileges. In addition, the rating will help reduce the number of inspections of the enterprise by government authorities, which are often inefficient and ineffective.

Development and Functioning of Green Insurance in the Context of Sustainable Development

Relevance. Ensuring sustainable development is one of the priority and urgent issues of our time, because in modern socio-economic and geopolitical conditions, economic entities cannot formulate and approve long-term development strategies: the introduction and application of digital and production technologies, the development of information systems, e-commerce platforms lead to a rapid change in the conditions of economic, production and economic activity. In this aspect, the issues of assessing the risks of sustainable development, including climatic and environmental ones, in which absolutely all participants of the economy are involved, also remain relevant. The purpose of the study is to identify current trends in the development and functioning of green insurance in the aspect of ensuring sustainable development. Objectives: to define the goals, objectives and principles of insurance in the context of ensuring sustainable development, to highlight the aspects and components of sustainable development, the place and role of green insurance in achieving the goals of the financial component of sustainable development, to identify constraints to the development of green insurance in the Russian Federation. Methodology. In the course of the research, general scientific methods were used: scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, generalization of scientific practice, deduction, induction. Results. The conducted research made it possible to form and highlight the following scientific results: to determine the prerequisites and identify the importance of green insurance in the aspect of ensuring sustainable development;to highlight the aspects and components of sustainable development; to identify the constraining factors of the development of green insurance in the Russian Federation. Conclusions. Green insurance is one of the most important components of the financial component of ensuring sustainable development. Today we are witnessing only the formation of the sphere of green insurance, since the necessary principles and conditions are being introduced into the activities of economic entities. To scale this industry, it is necessary to change people's worldview, attitude to the environment, awareness of the importance of caring for the environment and everyone's responsibility for the ecological footprint they leave, the consequences of making a decision by each of us.

Розвиток понятійного апарату у сфері обліку і оподаткування цифрових активів

Introduction. In recent years, the digital economy has become the main driver of economic growth both at the global and national levels. Within this paradigm, a number of socio-economic challenges are being overcome: creating new jobs, ensuring digital inclusion of people around the world. Problem Statement. The national institutional environment in the field of the digital economy is currently under development, in particular in terms of consistency of conceptual apparatus. The purpose of the article is to analyze the conceptual and categorical apparatus used in the regulatory and legal framework for accounting and taxation of objects arising from the activities of business entities in the digital economy, and to determine the directions of its development. Methods: institutional approach; comparative analysis; synthesis; hierarchical classification method. Results. A bibliographic analysis of scientific and professional publications showed that all categories of “non-fungible token”, “virtual asset”, “cryptoasset” are inherently digital assets, i.e. assets that are stored or transmitted in digital format and have economic or cultural value. The global nature of digital assets has led to the need for international coordination on their legal status and resolution mechanisms. Such digital assets as virtual assets, cryptoassets and their subtypes are regulated at different levels: international (FATF, OECD); regional (EU); national (UK, Ukraine). The presented review of the documents defining the concepts of “digital asset”, “cryptoasset” and “virtual asset” at the international and regional levels, as well as in individual countries, demonstrates that there is currently no generally accepted definition of these terms. Conclusions. The conducted study of the features in forming the conceptual and terminological apparatus of accounting and taxation of objects, the appearance of which is determined by the activities of economic entities under the digital economy, in regulatory documents at various levels showed that when developing institutional support for the regulation of the circulation of digital assets and operations with them in Ukraine the approach used by the FATF was chosen. In terms of its content, the category of “virtual assets” corresponds to the interpretation of the category of “cryptoassets” laid down by European legislation. The author identifies terminological inconsistencies in the Ukrainian legal framework that require further resolution through a cross-analysis of legislation to unify approaches to the interpretation of digital economy objects.

Harmonization of investment and operational costs of the grain industry in the light of the theory of sustainable development

Approaches to harmonization of methods for determining the optimal level of investment in the renewal of the fleet of combine harvesters and current expenses of agricultural enterprises under conditions of implementation of sustainable development goals in the activities of economic entities are investigated. It is established that the implementation of the concept of sustainable development for the domestic agricultural sector intensifies the processes in it, brings to the fore the problems of ensuring food security of the State, increasing the production of safe products while preserving landscapes and minimizing anthropogenic pressure. At the same time, the seizure of part of the territory, mining of the liberated and adjacent to the combat zone areas raises the issue of rational use of land resources. Under such conditions, only further introduction of innovations aimed at increasing yields and the use of intensive technologies is the most important vector for the development of domestic agriculture. This places strict requirements on the technical condition of its resource potential. Unfortunately, the unsatisfactory technical condition of the grain harvesting machinery fleet and its destruction as a result of hostilities exacerbate the problem of technical support for grain production, in particular for harvesting. Under such conditions, an important task is to develop methodological techniques for determining the optimal, harmonized values of investments in the reproduction of resource potential and operating costs. The tested methodological approach allows determining the optimal level of investment in the renovation of the combine harvester fleet, taking into account the peculiarities of wheat production organization, grain price conditions, material resources, harvesting equipment, and financial factors. The calculations showed that it is economically inexpedient to invest in the renewal of the combine harvester fleet using the most common combine harvester models if one unit has less than 600 hectares of wheat crops. A positive feature of the tested approach is the ability to minimize unproductive costs by taking into account technological and market factors in determining the optimal level of costs. Instead, the introduction of innovations leads to a change in the form of the production function, which should affect the dynamics of the marginal efficiency of investments, and therefore it is promising to expand approaches to modeling and take into account the role of innovations in finding the optimal level of current costs and investments.

ПРАВОВІ АСПЕКТИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОГО ПОДАТКУ ДЛЯ ВПЛИВУ НА ЕКОЛОГІЗАЦІЮ ГОСПОДАРСЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

The article is devoted to the research of the environmental tax as an indirect method of state influence on the activities of economic entities in order to achieve the environmental goals of sustainable development. It is proven that although the Economic Code of Ukraine does not directly provide for environmental policy as a component of state economic policy, the latter must be determined and conducted taking into account the environmental component. It is noted that the legal economic order includes the need for compliance with environmental norms by subjects of economic activity. One of the appropriate indirect methods of state influence for the implementation of sustainable development tasks is an environmental tax. It has two main functions – fiscal and nature protection. It is expedient to ensure a balance between these two functions, which can be achieved only within the framework of the proper economic policy of the state. In modern conditions in Ukraine, the fiscal function of the environmental tax prevails, because the money received from the collection of this tax is directed to other purposes. It is necessary to make changes to the Budget Code of Ukraine, which will establish the purpose of the funds received from the collection of this type of tax exclusively for ecological (nature protection) purposes. In the European Union, environmental or green taxes, which include taxes on energy, transport, pollution and resources, are one of the appropriate methods of influencing the behavior of economic entities to stimulate their fastest transition to a sustainable economy. Proper implementation of the nature protection function by the state within the framework of tax policy can have not only a stimulating nature, but also a restrictive and preventive one. This makes it possible to prevent or significantly reduce the negative impact of economic activity on the natural environment, and not to overcome the consequences of such negative impact. In the European Union, the carbon border adjustment mechanism СВАМ (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism) is being introduced, which makes it necessary for Ukraine to stimulate domestic economic entities to significantly reduce the level of CO2 emissions, because otherwise they may lose access to the markets of the European Union from 2025. The tax policy of Ukraine to increase environmental tax rates for environmental pollution is expedient. It is recognized as necessary to raise the level of environmental taxes to the level of rates of similar taxes in the member states of the European Union. One of the expedient economic methods of reducing the transaction costs of an economic entity for the introduction of “green” technologies and equipment is the use of accelerated depreciation of fixed assets for environmental protection purposes, which allows faster (compared to traditional depreciation methods) write-off of the cost of equipment used for environmental goals.

A MODEL OF INDICATORS CHARACTERIZING FINANCIAL RESULTS IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

The article is devoted to the model of indicators characterizing financial results in the conditions of the digital economy, and an interrelated research was conducted on the digital economy and financial results, which are relevant today. Also, the essence of the concept of financial result was studied within the framework of economic literature, and the importance of financial result in the activity of economic entities was revealed.

SIMULATION OF THE MANAGEMENT DECISION-MAKING PROCESS REGARDING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

Informatization in the field of management of the enterprise’s economic activity is carried out with the aim of increasing the productivity of employees by reducing the cost of products and services; as well as improving the qualifications and professional knowledge of specialists. The possibility of substantiating managerial decisions regarding the choice of information technologies using the methods of linguistic vector evaluations, fuzzy logical conclusion, and fuzzy relationship of preferences is considered. The method of applying the methods of linguistic vector evaluations and the fuzzy logical conclusion of evaluating possible values of management decisions when determining the expediency of introducing information technologies into the activities of economic entities in conditions of uncertainty (crisis) is presented. It was determined that the application of this method, with a simpler mathematical apparatus, allows to evaluate the possible variants of the values of management decisions with qualitative input parameters in crisis conditions. This technique allows you to predict the results of the enterprise for the case of quantitative information in relation to a number of input parameters, however, the mathematical apparatus for processing input information is quite complex. Therefore, it will be logical to check the possibility of applying other methods of the theory of fuzzy logic to solve the problems of evaluating the results of management decisions with qualitative input parameters

Activities of product quality control bodies during the emergency period

The subject of the study. In the conditions of the introduction of martial law on the territory of Ukraine, the Government canceled some regulatory and other restrictions on economic activity and suspended measures of state supervision (control) over economic activity in order to ensure the stable functioning of economic entities under martial law, protection of rights and interests. The purpose. It will study the characteristics of legal norms regulating state supervision (control) of economic activity in the conditions of martial law, in accordance with the current legislation, and offer proposals for their improvement. Field of application of results. The restriction and removal of certain articles of laws and other restrictions requires additional scientific and theoretical studies and refinement of the current legislation, its introduction of changes and additions taking into account the peculiarities of the legal regime of martial law. Results of the work. Establishment of changes in the conduct of control and supervisory measures during martial law regarding the conduct of unscheduled measures, the delimitation of the powers of control and supervisory bodies, as well as the simplification of the administrative procedure for appealing the results of unscheduled inspections in the event of a violation by the control bodies of the requirements of the law. Conclusions. The implementation of economic activity in the conditions of martial law and the reduction of control and supervisory pressure due to the cancellation of control and supervisory checks can provoke numerous offenses caused by significant risks in the activities of economic entities.

Economic and Legal Aspects of the Reform of the Legal Regulation of the Principles of the State Technology Policy Under the Conditions of the Martial State

Problem setting. The imperfection of state regulatory influence has become one of the reasons why business structures and business entities enter into communication for the purpose of creating, transferring rights and implementing technologies. The incompleteness of state policy in this area does not allow, due to regulatory influence, to compensate for those economic failures that arose as a result of the imposed restrictions of wartime due to the open armed aggression of a neighboring state. Analysis of recent researches and publications. General issues of state intervention in the sphere of the national economy were considered by many scientists. Their numerous achievements formed the basis of regulatory regulation of these processes. Among all the scientists and their achievements, I would especially like to single out V. K. Mamutov, D. V. Zadykhailo, Yu.E. Atamanova, etc. Target of the research is to form an integral system of principles of regulatory regulation of methods, techniques and actions which should be carried out by public authorities to ensure an appropriate level of state regulation in the field of technology transfer, and also to underlie the forms, methods and techniques of influence which should be implemented by the state to eliminate economic inadequacies of the technology market, including those caused by the introduction of martial law and open armed aggression of a neighboring state. Article’s main body. Any state policy, including state policy in the field of technology circulation (state technology policy), should have the following structure: (1) The purpose of state policy (that is, the purpose of which the state intervenes in the activities of economic entities and certain economic relations. Those goals, the achievement of which is the basis of regulatory actions of state authorities); (2) Tasks of state policy (these are strategic and medium-term specific goals, the achievement of which is defined as guiding criteria for state authorities); (3) Objects of state policy (these are the types of social relations that fall under the regulatory influence of the state and the impact on which is determined by the goals and objectives of state policy); (4) Principles of state policy (those fundamental principles on which it is based and which allow to ensure the stability and orientation of acts of a regulatory nature, which are adopted by state authorities to fulfill the tasks assigned to them); 5) Means of state technological policy (predetermined methods, techniques, actions by which state authorities, on behalf of the state of Ukraine, intervene in the economic relations of technology transfer). Conclusions and prospects for development. (1) The author’s concept of the bases (principles) on which the regulatory influence of the state should take place in the field of technology transfer is proposed. (a) Means of state policy in the field of technology circulation should be implemented exclusively on the basis of pre-determined priority areas of implementation of activities related to the implementation of new technologies, at the national, regional, local levels, as well as in a specific industry (s); (b) All measures of the state technological policy must be implemented in accordance with previously formed national, regional, local and industry programs for the implementation of new technologies; (c) State technological policy should be oriented towards the creation of a legal framework and economic mechanisms to support and stimulate the implementation of new technologies; (d) Inviolability of rights to technology and prohibitions on unjustified deprivation of rights to it; (e) Protection of the rights and legitimate interests of subjects of technological activity and provision of an effective system of ways to restore violated rights and legitimate interests; (e) Implementation of measures of financial support and stimulation of projects on the implementation of new technologies; (j) Stimulation of commercial banks and other financial and credit institutions that lend to the implementation of projects related to the implementation of new technologies; (g) Establishing a preferential taxation regime for subjects implementing new technologies; (h) Support for the functioning and development of the infrastructure of the technology market. (1) It is substantiated that for the period of wartime restrictions, the specified system of principles of state technology policy should be supplemented with the following principles: (a) the principle of admissibility of paid withdrawal of rights to technology; (b) the principle of priority for the national use of technology (exclusively on the territory of Ukraine, or for the needs of business entities resident in Ukraine).

MECHANISM OF USING RRO AND PRO IN CONDITIONS OF INCREASING THE LEVEL OF TAX ADMINISTRATION

The article investigates the theoretical and methodological principles of the mechanism of using RRO and PRRO in terms of increasing the level of tax administration. A three-level system of legal regulation of the use of registrars of transactions in the activities of economic entities has been formed and analyzed. The general tendency of development of cash registers in Ukraine, which consists in gradual, starting from 2015, fiscalization of settlement operations of small business representatives - legal entities and natural persons- entrepreneurs on a simplified taxation system, is highlighted. It was found that the main prerequisite for the process of fiscalization of settlement operations in Ukraine was too high level of the shadow economy, which leads to a shortfall in a significant share of budget revenues. The goal of fiscalization of settlement operations, which is to reduce the level of the shadow economy and protect consumer rights, has been determined. The position on the need to use cash registers when receiving payments through online banking using mobile applications, when receiving payments on a key card and in the case of receiving payment for goods sold through a payment intermediary Nova ay is substantiated. The classification and comparative characteristics of registrars of settlement operations with the definition of the advantages and disadvantages of classical and software RRO in order to facilitate the adoption of quality management decisions when choosing the type of cash registers.

АНАЛІЗ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ПОНЯТТЯ «ДЕРЖАВНА ДОПОМОГА СУБ’ЄКТАМ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ» ТА ЙОГО ОЗНАК

The article considers a comprehensive analysis of scientific approaches on the basis of national legislation and according to EU standards understanding of the concept of "state aid to economic entities." The key features of this concept are defined. It is concluded that there is a distinction between such concepts as "state aid" and "state support." If "state support" is understood as one of the means of state regulation of economic activity, then the concept of "state assistance" should be considered as a broader concept, consisting in the targeted influence of the state on the activities of economic entities (administrative, financial and other mechanisms aimed at ensuring the interests of economic entities, streamlining their activities, providing them with financial assistance, etc.). For Ukraine, the role of the state in regulating entrepreneurship is traditionally decisive, and during the period of hostilities it became especially important. In the plane of the tasks of state aid lies the state adjustment of financial flows in the economy and their direction to the needs of balanced structural development. For the post-war recovery, the key task will be to radically update the system of regulation of entrepreneurial activity in Ukraine in order to simplify the rules of doing business and eliminate corruption elements that are the main obstacles to the development of domestic business and the arrival of foreign capital. State aid is used mainly in crisis periods, either for a separate enterprise, a group of enterprises, or for the state as a whole. State aid actually has a corrective effect on competition and trade by introducing various instruments, including subsidies, tax incentives and other forms of state concessions in favor of certain firms. The existence of a variety of types and forms of state assistance to business entities is highlighted. To date, there is no single approach to understanding the content and essence of the effectiveness of the use of public funds, including in the process of providing state assistance. State aid is of particular importance in the period of economic recession and crises, when negative changes in market conditions suppress entrepreneurial activity.

УЧЕТ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ГЛОБАЛЬНЫХ ВЫЗОВОВ В ТЕОРИИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ

Economic systems and entities (from enterprises and organizations to municipalities and even states as a whole) must adapt to unforeseen events and external crises that create a high level of uncertainty among employees and citizens and bring immediate threats to productivity and viability. Today, global challenges are diverse and encompass a wide range of complex issues such as climate change, economic downturns, political instability, military operations, etc. In our interconnected world, these problems can pose an immediate threat to the viability and survival of economic systems, which necessitates a thorough study, systematization, and development of methods for their analysis and assessment of their impact on the activities of economic entities at all levels.

ФІНАНСОВІ ІНТЕРЕСИ СУБ’ЄКТІВ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ В ПРОЦЕСІ ЇХ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

Balancing and satisfying financial interests are the key tasks of economic entities in the process of conducting financial activities, since the financial reliability and further development of the enterprise depend on it. The purpose of the study is the analysis and systematization of scientific views on the definition of the essence of the concept of "financial interest" and its types, with further clarification of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the theory regarding financial interests in the activities of economic entities. Method or methodology of the work. The methodological basis of the study were the works of domestic and foreign scientists, who reveal the conceptual and categorical apparatus on financial interest of the enterprise. The method of content analysis, methods of induction and deduction, system method, method of comparative analysis of scientists' works were used in the study. Results of the study. In the research, in accordance with the set purpose, the scientific knowledge about the category of «financial interests» was analyzed and systematized and the author's position in this field was substantiated. The result of the study is a generalization of theoretical ideas in the field of financial interests, that proposed by domestic and foreign scholars, and to develop the author's definition of «financial interests». Approaches to criteria for classification of types of financial interests have also been systematized, and the existing classification has been expanded. Scope of practical application of the results. The obtained results have significant practical value and can be used by business owners and management personnel to improve the development strategy of business entities, as well as in scientific activities when considering questions about the essence and content of the "financial interest" category. Conclusions. The authors conclude, that due to the large number of financial instruments and transactions, the concept of financial interests may have different meanings for different enterprises in the field of finance. Also, depending on the goals and types of financial activity of the enterprise, the types of financial interests also differ.

Экономика управления финансовыми и налоговыми рисками

In conditions of macroeconomic instability and deterioration of the geopolitical situation in the world due to sanctions pressure on Russia from Western countries, forecasting and identification of risks are becoming important in the formation of strategies for financial and economic activities of business entities, which determines the relevance of the subject of this article - financial and tax risk management to avoid financial risks that they bear. The purpose of the work is to identify problems of financial and tax risk management on the example of an economic entity and to find ways to solve them. The article discusses the theoretical aspects of the concepts of "financial risk", "tax risk" in terms of their content, causes and impact on the financial and economic activities of business entities. The author's definitions of the concepts "financial risk" and "tax risk" are given in the article. In the course of the study, the analysis of the causes of risks was carried out using analytical, monographic, logical, comparative, generalizing approaches, coefficient analysis, etc. It is concluded that it is necessary to consider risks from the perspective of the complex nature of their occurrence and existence in the activities of economic entities. Possible interrelations of risks are identified and ways to reduce the severity of their consequences are proposed.