Activity Of AsAT Research Articles

INFLUENCE OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL COMPLEX PREPARATIONS OF LIQUID ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN PRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF THE WHEAT WINTER FORMATION

The influence of complex preparations on nitrogen metabolism in the early stages of winter wheat organogenesis was studied. The activivity of key enzymes of nitrogen metabolism, TBA-active products, NH3 concentration, and chlorophyll content under the experimental condition were determined. There is a tendency to increase the activity of AsAT, while the mixture of macronutrients on the enzymatic activity of another enzyme, on the contrary, on average, by 23 % under the influence of the macroelements complex on winter wheat crops. There was an increase in the activity of AsAT by 41 % on average, and AlAT by 36.3 % with Avatarm-2 in winter wheat leaves. A decrease in the activity of both key enzymes of nitrogen metabolism under the influence of Avatarm-2-m complex was found, on average, by 27.2 % and 32.5 %, respectively, which indicates the stabilization of the metabolic direction of products and substrates by trace elements in the metabolic state of winter wheat leaf cells. Under the influence of Avatarm-2-st, there is a decrease in AlAT activity, on average 26.6 %, while the effect of succinate on the activity of AlAT was more significant – on average 48.3 %, because the biotechnological preparation Avatarm-2-st contains succinate, while Avatarm-2-m contains malic acid. AlAT reactions produce pyruvate, a key substrate of glucogenesis, whose increase can help activate the synthesis of carbohydrates necessary for plant growth. The enzymes AsAT and AlAT play a key role in the metabolism of aspartate, alanine, and glutamate, and the first two enzymes are used to form amides such as asparagine and glumamine, so increasing their activity is a condition for the accumulation of these amides as a reserve of NH4+. The concentration of NH3 under the influence of Avatarm-2 increased by 42 %, while under Avatarm-2-m and Avatarm-2-st the concentration did not change, indicating the regulatory effect of malate and succinate on the activation and degree of use of this form of Nitrogen in alternative processes of amino acid conversion. The chlorophyll content under the influence of LCP-macro increases, on average, by 2.8 times, under the influence of Avatarm-2- by 2.8 times, while the effect of acids in the composition of Avatarm-2-m and Avatarm-2-st is manifested differently, but the direction of decrease in this indicator relative to Avatarm-2 decreases, however, compared to the control, it increases this criterion, on average, by 1.9 and 1.7 times, respectively. It has been concluded that the optimization of nitrogen metabolism in winter wheat leaves under the action of chelated metal nanoparticles with organic acids malate and succinate at the critical stage of its organogenesis – tubing in the process of formation of productive winter wheat.

Features of the biochemical composition of blood in calves with different dynamics of live weight gain

The biochemical markers of blood associated with the rate of body weight gain were studied in the work. For experimental work, 30 calves on the 1st and 14th day after birth received venous blood and conducted laboratory tests. At the time of birth, as well as after 6 months of cultivation, the live weight of young an-imals was determined and the average daily increase was calculated. It was found that on the first day after birth in intensively growing animals, the activity of AlAT was lower by 56.6% (P?0.01), and AsAT by 45.4% (P?0.05), in relation to the indicators of young animals with a low rate of weight gain. Similarly, calves with intensive growth had a higher concentration of VSNMM in plasma by 30.4...48.4% (P?0.001) and 37.1...48.6% (P?0.01) in blood. On day 14, the biochemical profile of calves with low growth rates was characterized by a higher activity of alkaline phosphatase (by 27.4...46.6%; P<0.05), whereas in intensively growing young calves a higher level of calcium was observed (by 5.9%; P<0.05). The analysis of correlations showed that on the first day after birth, there was a pronounced relationship between the growth rate in relation to the activity of AsAT (-0.510) and AlAT (-0.497), iron concentration (-0.650) and VSNMM in blood plasma (0.626). Subsequently, the connection of these markers weakened, and the growth rate of calves was more dependent on the activity of alkaline phosphatase. So on the 14th day of postnatal ontogenesis, the correlation between the increase in live weight and enzyme activity was -0.744. Thus, it can be concluded that the activity of alkaline phosphatase is the most promising biochemical marker associated with the dynamics of body weight gain.

The use of the Vitam in Cytolytic syndrome in cats

Cytolysis syndrome is a clinical and laboratory complex characterized by an increase in the levels of intracellular biocatalysts of blood transaminases in response to the action of damaging factors, accompanied by their defect and fatal. Cytolysis syndrome can be triggered by infectious and parasitic diseases, metabolic disorders, as well as drug lesions due to polypragmasia. The study of new and effective methods of correction of cytolytic syndrome is an urgent task of clinicians. Vitaminamino acid complex (VAC) "Vitam", due to the presence of a balanced amount of vitamins, amino acids, trace elements and glucose, compensates for the deficiency of these biologically active substances in the body of animals that occurs during hepatosis. The article presents data on the study of the effectiveness of the drug "Vitam" in 45 cats with established cytolytic liver syndrome. The dynamics of biochemical changes in the blood serum of cats with daily administration of the drug for ten days is shown. There was a decrease in the activity of AlAT, AsAT, GGT and LDH, whose indicators reached normal after the course of treatment. The expediency of using the drug "Vitam" in cats with cytolytic syndrome and with subclinical manifestation as therapeutic and metabolic therapy has been established.

The effect of corticosteroids on the morphobiochemical composition of blood and reproductive function in cows

The effect of the glucocorticoidcontaining drug on the morphobiochemical composition of blood and reproductive function in cattle was studied. It was found that against the background of treatment in the postpartum period with corticosteroids, the concentration of eosinophils in the blood decreases by 87.5% (P <0.05), with a stable concentration of platelets. In animals without hormone therapy, an increase in the level of total protein was observed by 18.8% (P<0.01) with a decrease in the albuminglobulin coefficient by 26.4% (P<0.01), which was not observed when using corticosteroids. In the experimental group, the magnesium concentration decreased by 18.1% (P<0.05), with a stable level of phosphorus and calcium. The activity of transaminases against the background of the use of glucocorticoids had no significant changes, whereas in control animals an increase in the activity of AsAT was observed by 29.5% (P < 0.05). The level of total immunoglobulins in animals of the control group decreased by 77.4% (P≤0.001), whereas against the background of Cortexone use, the indicator was 3.9 times higher (P≤0.001). The small-sized CEC in the first group of cows decreased by 58.8%, which is 4.4 times lower (P<0.05) compared to the control group, where, on the contrary, the indicator increased 3.4 times (P<0.05). Similarly, in control cows, a decrease in the size of the CEC was observed, whereas against the background of the use of corticosteroids, on the contrary, their enlargement was observed by 83.8% (P≤0.001). The fertilization of animals after the first insemination against the background of the use of corticosteroids was 43.3% higher, with a lower (0.57) multiplicity of inseminations during fertilization and a shorter (19.2 days; P<0.05) period of infertility. Thus, the use of glucocorticoids in the postpartum period had a positive effect on metabolic processes and contributed to the optimization of reproductive function in cows.

Clinical and biochemical status of patients with ulcerative collitis

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by a relapsing and remitting course. Aim - to analyze clinical data and the most significant hematological and biochemical blood parameters used for diagnosis in patients with ulcerative colitis. Materials and methods. Between 2020 and 2021 examined 50 patients with the diagnosis "Ulcerative colitis" living in the Samara region. The diagnosis of ulcerative colitis was confirmed by a combination of clinical, radiological, endoscopic, and histopathological criteria generally accepted for inflammatory bowel diseases. A hematological blood test was performed on an automatic hematological analyzer Sysmex KX-21N, Japan, and a biochemical blood test was performed on an automatic biochemical analyzer Hitachi 902, Japan. Results. In the biochemical analysis of blood, an increase in the content of C-reactive protein in the blood is expected in 64% of patients. In 40% of patients, the concentration of total protein and electrolytes decreases. An increase in glucose levels was revealed in 44% of patients, in 10% of cases, a decrease in creatinine concentration, an increase in the activity of ALAT and ASAT was noted in 6 and 4% of cases, respectively. Reduced urea levels are noted in 6% of patients. Conclusion. As a result of the study, the data necessary for the diagnosis and monitoring of the effectiveness of the treatment of ulcerative colitis were obtained.

Features of protein metabolism in the body of growing heifers in a natural-technogenic province

Purpose. The association of protein metabolism in the body of Holsteinized Black-and-White heifers with age and the amount of metals circulating in the blood was studied.Materials and methods. An experienced group of clinically healthy chicks (n = 20) with a golstinized black and qualifier breed (blood content 75%) is formed on the principle of close analogues [2]. The diet of animal feeding was regulated by VIZh, provided with feeds of its own production, of which the permissible level of nickel and copper was exceeded 1.30-1.50 times. Blood samples were received from the jugular vein using vacuum systems, in the morning before feeding. They were used to determine: 1) the amount of heavy metals using the atomic - aborbion spectrometer quantum -2a (Russia); 2) the concentration of protein amenders: total protein, albumin (ALB), urea, activity of Alat and Asat using ready-made sets of the Vector Best (Novosibirsk). The calculation method determines the content of globulins (GL), the protein coefficient (alb/GL, the concorine), the value of the coefficient of de Ritis (asat/alat, the concorine), the value of the total protein/urea (conc. ), Alb/urea (settlement unit) and GL/urea (settlement unit).Results. It was revealed that the age of 9 months is “critical”, since the level of nickel and lead intake into the animal organism reaches the lower limit of the regional reference interval, increasing the volume of catabolic reactions. Therefore, in the blood of heifers, compared with 3 months of age, the level of total protein, albumin, activity of AST and ALT decreases by 8.41; 21.71; 39.76 and 8.10 %, but the concentration of urea increases by 2.88 times due to the predominant breakdown of albumins (the Alb/Urea ratio decreases by 3.68 times). Starting from the age of 9 months, the volume of “catabolic processes” in the body of heifers decreases, which determines an increase in the blood concentration of total protein, albumin, globulins and ALT activity by 29.71; 69.65; 10.73 and 16.12% and a decrease in urea by 1.86 times. At the same time, the concentration of metals, especially nickel and lead, in the blood of heifers reaches the level at which they begin to significantly affect protein metabolism, as evidenced by correlations with the amount of albumin (r(Alb-Ni)=0.63-0.78; r(Alb-Pb)=0.58- 0.81), globulins (r(Gl-Ni)= 0.53-0.75; r(Gl-Pb)= -0.57--0, 85) and ALT activity (r(AlAT-Ni)=0.54-0.76; r(AlAT-Pb)=0.56- 0.66). According to the number of statistically significant or close correlations, metals are arranged in the following order: Ni > Pb > Cu > Cd, which reflects the level of their accumulation in the animal body and the impact on protein metabolism.

Trace elements content in the hair of patients at the maxillofacial surgery department

Relevance. The urgency of the problem of traumatism is constantly increasing, which is associated with an increase in road accidents, an increase in the number of interpersonal conflicts, the availability of firearms and cold steel weapon, etc. In addition, the proportion of victims with injuries of the maxillofacial region in a state of alcoholic intoxication is constantly growing. The aim of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of trace elements in hospitalized patients with maxillofacial trauma, intoxicated, acute traumatic stress and the study of the effect of trauma on the balance of trace elements in patients of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery with various alcohol history. Materials and Methods. The study involved 30 male patients of the department of maxillofacial surgery of the Moscow city clinical F.I. Inozemtseva hospital located in the city of Moscow. All patients were joined to the department for trauma of the maxillofacial tract and were divided into two groups: 15 of them regularly took alcohol and were in a state of alcoholic intoxication at the time of injury (group 1), 15 - without alcohol history (comparison group 2). All patients carried a general clinical blood test, a biochemical blood test, and the content of essential and conditionally essential elements in the hair were also determined. Results and Discussion. As a result, significant differences were revealed in the content of micro elements between the groups of patients: the content of copper (p = 0.013) and zinc (p = 0.000) in the hair examined of the first group was 1.4 lower than in the comparison group 2. The manganese content (p = 0.05), on the contrary, was also increased by 1.4 times in the hair of group 1 patients. Besides, leukocytosis was detected in the blood in patients with a history of alcohol and an increase in AST levels. Conclusion. The study showed an increase in the content of manganese and a decrease in the content of selenium, zinc and copper in the hair of patients with an alcoholic history. Diselementosis was accompanied by a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase activity, as well as leukocytosis and lymphocytosis. Such an imbalance of chemical elements, together with a changes of peripheral blood and an increase in the activity of ASaT, can be reflected on the period the timing and peculiarities of the course of the reparative process.

Trace elements content in the hair of patients at the maxillofacial surgery department

Relevance. The urgency of the problem of traumatism is constantly increasing, which is associated with an increase in road accidents, an increase in the number of interpersonal conflicts, the availability of firearms and cold steel weapon, etc. In addition, the proportion of victims with injuries of the maxillofacial region in a state of alcoholic intoxication is constantly growing. The aim of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of trace elements in hospitalized patients with maxillofacial trauma, intoxicated, acute traumatic stress and the study of the effect of trauma on the balance of trace elements in patients of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery with various alcohol history. Materials and Methods. The study involved 30 male patients of the department of maxillofacial surgery of the Moscow city clinical F.I. Inozemtseva hospital located in the city of Moscow. All patients were joined to the department for trauma of the maxillofacial tract and were divided into two groups: 15 of them regularly took alcohol and were in a state of alcoholic intoxication at the time of injury (group 1), 15 - without alcohol history (comparison group 2). All patients carried a general clinical blood test, a biochemical blood test, and the content of essential and conditionally essential elements in the hair were also determined. Results and Discussion. As a result, significant differences were revealed in the content of micro elements between the groups of patients: the content of copper (p = 0.013) and zinc (p = 0.000) in the hair examined of the first group was 1.4 lower than in the comparison group 2. The manganese content (p = 0.05), on the contrary, was also increased by 1.4 times in the hair of group 1 patients. Besides, leukocytosis was detected in the blood in patients with a history of alcohol and an increase in AST levels. Conclusion. The study showed an increase in the content of manganese and a decrease in the content of selenium, zinc and copper in the hair of patients with an alcoholic history. Diselementosis was accompanied by a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase activity, as well as leukocytosis and lymphocytosis. Such an imbalance of chemical elements, together with a changes of peripheral blood and an increase in the activity of ASaT, can be reflected on the period the timing and peculiarities of the course of the reparative process.

СОСТОЯНИЕ ДЕЗИНТОКСИКОЦИОННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ПЕЧЕНИ ПРИ ОСТРОМ ЖЕЛУДОЧНО-КИШЕЧНОМ РАССТРОЙСТВЕ ТЕЛЯТ И ЕГО КОРРЕКЦИЯ ПРЕПАРАТИВНОЙ ФОРМОЙ HYPÉRICUM PERFORÁTUM

Hyperico is a combined drug aimed at the treatment of diarrhea and relief of endogenous intoxication in acute gastrointestinal disorders in farm animals. Studies have established that Hyperico has pronounced therapeutic efficacy in acute gastrointestinal disorders in calves. in sick calves before the use of Hyperico, the amount of albumin, glucose, the activity of LDH and amylase enzymes were significantly lower than in clinically healthy animals of the control group, respectively, by 27%; 63.8; 23.6% and 44.2%. The amount of total protein, bilirubin, urea, creatinine and the activity of the enzymes AsAT, AlAT were significantly high at 24,1%; 138,9%; 133,3%; 43,2%; 157,3% and 196.4%, respectively. A significant increase in the amount of bilirubin, the activity of transamination enzymes, a decrease in the activity of amylase, LDH indicate that endogenous intoxication occurs with diarrhea. Metabolic and functional metabolic disorders in almost all organs and systems of the body lead to a complex pathogenetic complex - endogenous intoxication. The predominance of catabolic processes over anabolic ones leads to decompensation of the body's regulatory systems and accumulation of proteolytic enzymes, kinins and other biologically active products of protein dehydration, inflammatory mediators, etc. in toxic concentrations. The accumulation of toxic substances in the body leads to impaired liver function. A day after the introduction of Hyperic, a decrease in the amount of total protein was observed. The activity of the enzyme AST, ALT, the amount of bilirubin, creatinine and urea were not significantly high. LDH and amylase activity did not decrease significantly. When studying the biochemical parameters of blood on the 5th and 10th days, there was no significant difference between the indicators of the experimental group and healthy calves. After its application, protein, carbohydrate metabolism and liver function are restored, as well as blood biochemical parameters. The drug has no toxic effect, is safe and relieves endogenous intoxication.after the application of Hyperico, the improvement of biochemical parameters of the blood of experimental calves occurs on the 5th day. These data indicate that the drug quickly penetrates into the body of animals after application and has a hepatoprotective and therapeutic effect.

Probiotic supplement in pregnant sows in the conditions of industrial pig breeding

The industrial form of pig rearing and breeding implies a significant degree of intensification of all technological processes to obtain the greatest benefit with the lowest economic costs. All this is aimed at solving issues of food supply, import substitution in compliance with the rules of veterinary and sanitary safety. However, during the transition of pig breeding to intensive industrial technology, there is an incomplete compliance of the physiological needs of animals with technological requirements, as a result of which a potential decrease in productivity, resistance, and the development of internal diseases is possible. The main organ involved in all metabolic processes of metabolism is the liver. The purpose of the presented study was to evaluate the effect of the feed biologically active additive "Vetlaktoflor" on the biochemical parameters of the blood in pregnant sows. To study the effect of the "Vetlaktoflor", 4 groups of sows were formed. One control group without the use of the agent and 3 experimental groups where the agent was used according to the following scheme: experimental group -2 - animals were given the active additive "Vetlaktoflor" 2 weeks before farrowing, experimental group-3 - animals were given the active additive "Vetlaktoflor" 2 months before farrowing, experimental group-4 - animals received the biologically active additive "Vetlaktoflor" twice during pregnancy: 2 months and 2 weeks before farrowing.As a result of the use of a biologically active additive, the stabilization of the activity of serum enzymes AlAT and AsAT was noted. In the experimental groups, the activity level of these enzymes was lower by 43.93-67.32% and 30.91-52.56%, respectively. Thus, the probiotic "Vetlaktoflor" is effective when used during pregnancy, reducing the degree of endogenous load on the body of pregnant sows, as well as keeping the level of these enzymes within the reference values, which indicates the stabilization of the state of hepatocellular metabolism.

The effect of the microelement preparation on the morphobiochemical composition of the blood of calves

The paper presents an assessment of the effect of the Sedimine microelement product on the morphobiochemical composition of the blood of calves during the milk feeding period. For the experiment, 2 groups of heifers of HolsteinKholmogory breed at the age of 2-3 weeks were formed. The calves of the experimental group were injected intramuscularly with Sedimine at a dose of 5 ml three times with an interval of 7 days, and the control animals were given a saline solution in the same way. Blood for hematological and biochemical studies was obtained at the beginning of the experiment and a week after the first and last injection. According to the research it has been established, that after a single injection of Sedimine, there were no evident changes in the biochemical profile of the blood, with the exception of a decrease in the level of urea by 30.6% (from 4.9 to 3.4 mmol/l; P<0.001). After three-time administration of the drug, there was an increase in total protein by 9.6 % (from 54.2 to 59.4 g / l; P<0.05) and an increase in AlAT activity by 1.2 times (P<0.001), while in comparison with the control, the activity of AsAT was greater (P<0.01) by 43.4 % (57.5 U/l). The de Ritis coefficient in the experimental group decreased by 43.1 % (to 6.2; P<0.01), while in the control group, on the contrary, the indicator increased by 32.1 % (to 11.1). The ratio of calcium to phosphorus in all animals decreased by 28.8...32.1 % (P<0.001), but in young animals treated with Sedimine, the ratio was 16.7 % (0.84) higher compared to the intact group of calves (P<0.05). The concentration of thyroglobulin in the experimental group significantly decreased by 29.4 % (from 0.34 to 0.24; P<0.01), with stable values in calves that were treated with saline. Injections of the preparation contributed to the stable maintenance of iron in the blood of animals of the experimental group, the concentration of which was 3 times higher (P<0.01) in relation to the control, where the indicator was 5.9 micromol/l. Also, the control animals showed a decrease in the number of red blood cells by 31.9% (from 4.7 * 10 12 to 3.2*10 12) and hemoglobin by 19.5% (from 87.2 to 70.2 g / l; P<0.05), with stable values in the experimental group, which were higher by 56.3 % (5.0*1012) and 22.2 % (90.2 g/l) compared to the control (P<0.05). Changes in white blood were characterized by a higher level of white blood cells in calves of the experimental group (by 27.7 %), primarily due to a 36.7 % (4.1*109 ; Р<0.01) higher number of lymphocytic cells. Thus, a three-time injection of the test drug was quite effective in preventing iron deficiency in calves during milk feeding and had a positive effect on metabolic processes.

Дія L-глутамінової кислоти на зміни біохімічних показників щурів, інтоксикованих тетрахлорметаном

This study aims to explore the ameliorative effects of L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) toxicity in male rats. Changes in the activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALAT, ASAT) were studied in the tissues and blood of rats. Concentrations of creatinine, triacylglycerol and cholesterol were also determined in the blood of experimental animals. Intraperitoneal administration of CCl4 to rats led to changes in the blood of animals of the studied parameters — an increase of the activities of aminotransferases, triacylglycerol and cholesterol levels. At the same time, a decrease of ALAT activity was observed in the tissues of the myocardium and spleen of intoxicated animals, ASAT in their brain, and in the tissues of the lungs there was an increase in the activity of ALAT and the growth of ASAT in the tissues of the spleen In turn, with additional administration to animals intoxicated with tetrachloromethane L-Glu mitigation or no change in most of the studied indicators was observed, namely, in the blood the activity of ASAT fluctuated within the control values, and the concentrations of triacylglycerol and cholesterol did not change compared to the control. Also under the action of the studied aminoacid, no changes were detected in the activities of ALAT in lung tissue and ASAT in spleen tissue. The obtained results indicate a corrective effect of L-Glu on the physiological and biochemical parameters of rats in their intoxication with carbon tetrachloride.

БЕЛКИ КРОВИ И ИХ ИНФОРМАТИВНОСТЬ В ОЦЕНКЕ АДАПАТЦИОННЫХ РЕСУРСОВ КУР ПРИ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ СТРЕССЕ

In the body of chickens, when exposed to the technological factor (the density of birds in the cage), a stress reaction developed as a result of activation of the hypathalamic-pituitary-adrenal system. The response and state of the neuroendocrine pathway is associated with the magnitude of the technological stress factor. When it is increased by 1.50 times, the maximum changes in the body of chickens are detected 4 hours after the start of the experiment. At the same time, the level of corticosterone and cortisol in the blood of birds increases by 3.42 and 2.99 times, increasing the rate of catabolic reactions in protein metabolism. Therefore, the amount of total protein in the blood-stream of chickens increases by 34.32 %, albumins by 26.74 %, urea and uric acid by 2.07 and 2.29 times, and the activity of AsAT and AlAT increases by 2.15 and 4.53 times (p<0.05). The catabolic processes involve mainly blood albumins, whose nitrogen is used for the synthesis of uric acid. This is evidenced by a decrease in the value of Alb/uric acid by 42.74 % (p<0.05). With an increase in the density of birds in the cage by 2 times, the reaction of the GGNS more pronounced and long-lasting. Although the maximum changes are registered 2 hours after the initiation of stress, they per-sist throughout the study period. At the same time, the level of corticosterone and cortisol in the blood of chickens increases by 4.17 and 3.67 times, the concentration of total protein by 39.44 %, both due to albumins (by 41.78 %) and globulins (by 37.82 %); the increase in the amount of urea and uric acid is 2.18 and 2.45 times. Both albumins and blood globulins are subjected to oxidative decomposition, which determines the decrease in the ratio TP/Urea, Alb/urea at, TP/uric acid and Alb/uric acid at 35.72-43.18 %. At the same time, the activity of AlAT increases by 7.56 times and AsAT by 2.21 times, determining the predominant use of carbon residues of free amino acids in the processes of gluconeogenesis (AlAT/AsAT increased by 3.75 times).

Features of protein metabolism in turkeys of different genotypes and age

The study describes the characteristics of protein metabolism in turkeys of different genotypes and age. It is established that poults during industrial cultivation were physiologically healthy, and the studied parameters fluctuated within normal limits. At the same time, the magnitude of the blood parameters depends on the age of the bird and the genotype determined by both the breed and crossing. The protein metabolism intensity determining the concentration of the total protein and its fractions in the blood of poultry, the activity of transamination enzymes (AlAT, AsAT) does not so much depend on age, but on the birds genotype. The highest level of protein parameters is found in the blood of heavy cross Hybrid Converter. At the same time, the rate of growth and development of their body is associated with the exchange of albumin and the ways of using free amino acids to cover its energy consumption. Therefore, turkey poults of this cross are superior to their analogues in terms of albumin (by 9.54%), activity of AsAT (by 1.61–6.93%) and AlAT (by 2.77–5.23%).

Physiological state of the sterlet × beluga hybrid (Asipenser ruthenus × Huso huso) when growing under ecological conditions in the Volga delta

Three-year-olds (15 individuals) and eight-year-olds (15 individuals) of the sterlet × beluga hybrid (Asipenser ruthenus × Huso huso), grown in mesh cages in the Volga delta, were studied in the third decade of September 2019 in order to establish the functional state of the organism by blood parameters reflecting the state erythron and metabolism. The results of the performed study found that the erythron system differs in a smaller number of blood erythrocytes in eight-year-olds (0,76 ± 0,04 × 1012l –1) compared with three-year-olds (0,98 ± 0,04 × 1012l –1), in the absence of differences in blood hemoglobin and serum iron. Analysis of the state of protein metabolism showed that the content of total protein and the activity of ASAT in serum were the same in the groups. The serum albumin content in eight-yearolds was 17,87 ± 0,92 g/l, which was significantly less than in three-year-olds (24,15 ± 1,78) (p < 0,05). The relative content of serum albumin (as a percentage of total protein) in eightyear-olds was 51,04 ± 3,12%, which is less than in three-year-olds (72,51 ± 6,04%) (p < 0.01). The serum ALAT activity in eight-year-olds was lower than in three-year-olds (2,33 ± 0,16 and 2,93 ± 0,17 μkat/l, respectively) (p < 0,05). The results of the study of lipid metabolism revealed that serum cholesterol in eight-year-olds (2,62 ± 0,11 mmol/l) is less than in three-year-olds (1,39 ± 0,05) (p < 0,05). However, the serum triglyceride content did not differ between threeyear-olds and eight-year-olds, being 3,50 ± 0,07 and 3,26 ± 0,13 mmol/l, respectively. The glycemic values in three-year-olds and eight-year-olds are significantly different and amount to 1,80 ± 0,08 and 1,42 ± 0,11 mmol/l, respectively (p < 0.05). The results of the study can be used to assess the state of physiological adaptation of the hybrid and to determine the reference values of the parameters of the erythron system and metabolic homeostasis.

The Potential Effect of Aqueous Extract of Detarium microcarpum Bark on Certain Metabolic Disorders Associated with an Atherogenic Diet in Rats

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of the cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of Detarium microcarpum on metabolic disorders in rats fed with an atherogenic diet. The extract at two doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) was co-administered in rats with an atherogenic diet. After 28 days, rats were sacrificed, blood collected in ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes for plasma preparation, and the heart used for homogenate preparation. These plasma and heart homogenates were used to assess lipid profile, cardiac function (NO, ASAT), and hepatic function (ALAT, ASAT, and totals proteins). The results obtained showed that treatment (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg extract) led to a significant decrease in TG, VLDL-c, LDL-c, HDL-c, and non-HDL-c compared to untreated rats (positive control) (p < 0.001). Similarly, the cardiovascular risk index (IR, CRR, AC and AIP), were significantly low in the treated groups compared to untreated groups (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the CPI was higher in threated groups (p < 0.001). The percentage of vascular protection in rats receiving the extract was higher compared to rats treated with atorvastatin. The evaluation of cardiac function showed high levels of NO and ASAT in the heart of rats treated with the extract (p < 0.05). The plasma activity of ASAT and ALAT was low in the groups treated with the extract (p < 0.05). A low plasma level of total protein was also observed in the same groups (p < 0.001). Therefore, the aqueous bark extract of D. microcarpum administered orally showed anti-atherogenic, cardioprotective, and hepatoprotective potential.

Активность ферментов в тканях скелетных мышц у морских свинок под функциональной нагрузкой

Abstract. The study is aimed at identifying the nature and intensity of age-related changes in the activity of AsAT and AlAT enzymes under a load of “Proserin” in the tissues of the triceps brachii, pectoralis major muscle, rectus abdominis, gluteus and calf muscles in guinea pigs grown under the conditions of the Scientific and Educational Center “Studencheskiy” of FSBEI HE “Chuvash State Agricultural Academy”. Methodology and methods: The activity of the enzymes AsAT and AlAT was determined by the universal method of S. Wrightman and S. Frenkel (1957) in the modification of V. V. Menshikov (1977) by the spectrophotometric method in the scientific laboratory of Chuvash State Agricultural Academy. Statistical reliability was determined by Student's criterion according to R. Kh. Tukshaitov (2001). Results and scope: analysis of changes in the activity of the enzymes aspartate and alanine aminotransferases indicates that during loading by introducing “Proserin” in the tissues of skeletal muscles, regular changes in all studied parameters with certain features depending on the age of the animal and the type of skeletal muscle are detected. The consistency of changes in the studied parameters in guinea pigs of different ages is manifested in the fact that, under experimental conditions, an increase in the activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes in the tissues of skeletal muscles is detected. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that under conditions of functional load it was revealed that changes in the activity of these enzymes are associated with muscle growth and development in the postnatal period, including various alternating phases of improving the structural and functional organization of organs and the body as a whole.

Effect of experimental fascioliasis on the protein synthesis function of cow liver

The purpose of the work was to explore the indicators of functional state and function of protein synthesis of the cow liver within experimental fasciolysis, sensitized to atypical mycobacteria. Ten cows of black-and-white breed were selected for the experiments. Two groups consisting of five animals each were formed. The control group cows were clinically healthy. The animals of the experimental group were contaminated with mycobacteriosis and fascicular invasion. In the course of research, the rules for performing zootechnical experiments on the selection and maintenance of animal-analogues in the group, harvesting technology, use and accounting of consumed feed were followed. Being impacted by fascicular invasion, the cattle sensitized with mycobacteria demonstrated the suppression of the liver protein synthesis function, which manifests itself as a decrease in total blood protein, a decrease in the level of albumins and an increase in the level of globulins. According to the clinical manifestation of fasciolosis in the cattle sensitized with atypical mycobacteria, disease pathogens have a toxic effect on hepatocytes causing an increase in the permeability of the biological membranes of the cell membranes. The indicated changes lead to an increase in the activity of blood serum enzymes, in particular, aminotransferases (AsAT and AlAT) and alkaline phosphatase. High activity of AlAT and AsAT in the blood serum of the cows under experimental fasciolysis sensitized by atypical mycobacteria, indicates destructive processes in the liver that cause release of aminotransaminases from cellular organelles in the blood of the cattle. Thus, the results obtained indicate an increase in destructive processes in the body of the cows under experimental fascioliasis sensitized with atypical mycobacteria.

Biochemical indices of piglets blood under the action of feed additive “Butaselmevit-plus”

The purpose of the search was to investigate the influence of feed additive “Butaselmevit-plus” on the biochemical indices of piglets blood when weaned. The experiments were conducted on the basis of Ltd. “KOSHET” of Mukachevo district, Transcarpathian region. Two groups of pigs were formed – control (C) and experimental (E), in the number of 10 individuals in each group, selected on the basis of analogues – age, breed and body weight. In the suckling period, pigletss were kept under sows in special machines, had constant access to the mother, and from 5 days of age – free access to concentrated feed. The research material was blood collected in the morning by puncture of the cranial vena cava on the 20th day of life (period before weaning), on the 25th day of life (period before weaning), on the 30th day of life (2 days after weaning), for 35 days of life (7 days after weaning), for 40 days of life (12 days after weaning). Weaning of piglets from sows at 28 days of age leads to a slight decrease in total protein and increased activity of aminotransferases. Increased activity of ALAT and ASAT in pigs' serum after weaning from sows reflects the nonspecific response of the organism to the action of stress factors and indicates an increased release of enzymes into the extracellular space. Feeding of piglets with feed additives “Butaselmevit-plus” promotes to enhance the protein synthesizing function of the liver and reduce the activity of aminotransferases. The decrease in the activity of aminotransferases in the blood of piglets of the experimental group, indicates that the components of the feed additive counteract the influence of stress, and also contribute to the maintenance the integrity of cell membranes specific to these organ enzymes, which prevents their output from the cells.

DYNAMICS OF LIPID EXCHANGE IN BLOOD DONOR COWS FOR THE USE OF A BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PREPARATION

DYNAMICS OF LIPID EXCHANGE IN BLOOD DONOR COWS FOR THE USE OF A BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PREPARATION