Reuse Activities Research Articles

Pharmaceutical and transformation products during unplanned water reuse: Insights into natural attenuation, plant uptake and human health impact under field conditions.

In urban and periurban areas, agricultural soils are often irrigated with surface water containing a complex mixture of contaminants due to wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent discharges. The unplanned water reuse of these resources for crop irrigation can represent a pathway for contaminant propagation and a potential health risk due to their introduction in the food chain. The aim of this study is to provide data about the magnitude of attenuation processes and plant uptake, allowing for a reliable assessment of contaminant transfer among compartments and of the human health risk derived from unplanned water reuse activities. Target compounds are 25 pharmaceuticals, including transformation products (TPs). The field site is an agricultural parcel where maize is irrigated by a gravity-fed surface system supplied by the Jarama river, a water course strongly impacted by WWTP effluents. Throughout the 3-month irrigation period, irrigation water and water infiltrating through the vadose zone were sampled. The agricultural soil was collected before and after the irrigation campaign, and maize was sampled before harvesting. All selected compounds are detected in irrigation water (up to 12,867ng L-1). Metformin, two metamizole TPs and valsartan occur with the highest concentrations. For most pharmaceuticals, results demonstrate a high natural attenuation during soil infiltration (>60%). However, leached concentrations of some compounds can be still at concern level (>400ng L-1). A persistent behavior is observed for carbamazepine, carbamazepine epoxide and sulfamethoxazole. Pharmaceutical soil contents are in the order of ng g-1 and positively ionized compounds accumulate more effectively. Results also indicate the presence of a constant pool of drugs in soils. Only neutral and cationic pharmaceuticals are taken up in maize tissues, mainly in the roots. There is an insignificant threat to human health derived from maize consumption however, additional toxicity tests are recommended for 4AAA and acetaminophen.

A design study into multi-level living labs for reuse and repair activities in France

The European economy is surprisingly wasteful and continues to operate a take-make-dispose system. Addressing this challenge requires moving from a centralizing and top-down logic of waste management to territorial approaches integrating reuse and repair activities and involving local stakeholders. To do so, living labs are a relevant approach to support the transition towards territorial repair and reuse networks. The purpose of this paper is to question how living lab thinking can integrate the development of such repair and reuse networks.This paper first explores literature on transition design, living labs and repair and reuse activities. Secondly, it examines the design and deployment of a multi-level repair and reuse oriented living labs: (1) at the product level, it supports the participants in both learning and experimenting the basic stages in repair/upcycling practices; (2) at the repair workshop level, it helps imagine the implementation of a repair workshop and its business model, and (3) at the territorial level, it stimulates new synergies based on territorial metabolism of repair and reuse networks. A qualitative analysis on the experiment is then developed around five different objectives: (i) to strengthen the repair and reuse culture in order to (ii) collectively imagine (iii) territorialized repair and reuse networks with (iv) high social and environmental values and (v) considering how a decision taken at a system level can affect other levels, This research contributes to the transition design, developing intermediary tools to support the co-creation and/or evolution of system structures of production-consumption based on repair and reuse grassroots initiatives at the territorial level.

THE ARAGONESE CASTLE OF PIAZZA ARMERINA, SICILY: NEW SURVEYS FOR THE CONSERVATION AND THE VALORISATION OF A CULTURAL RESOURCE

Abstract. Sicily owns a vast heritage consisting of manors, strongholds, coastal towers and city fortifications that reflect its long history and strategic role in the Mediterranean Sea. Most of these assets are now in poor condition and abandoned, affected by both aging and the lack of preservation and maintenance activities. Their knowledge is often incomplete because of a lack of archival sources and the quasi-absence of accurate surveys and stratigraphic analyses. A systematic research programme on the most important castles in central Sicily, was then launched. In this context, this paper presents the case study of the Aragonese castle in Piazza Armerina. It shows the first results of a multidisciplinary study based on the integrated use of technologies for three-dimensional survey and supported by new critical interpretations of the morphological and material peculiarities of such an important cultural good. An operational practice aimed at correctly orienting future restoration and reuse activities, based on both scientific criteria and respectful approach to the monument.

Co-oxidative removal of arsenite and tetracycline based on a heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction using iron nanoparticles-impregnated biochar

A highly efficient, eco-friendly and relatively low-cost catalyst is necessary to tackle bottlenecks in the treatment of industrial wastewater laden with heavy metals and antibiotic such as livestock farm and biogas liquids. This study investigated co-oxidative removal of arsenite (As(III)) and tetracycline (TC) by iron nanoparticles (Fe NP)-impregnated carbons based on heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions. The composites included Fe NP@biochar (BC), Fe NP@hydrochar (HC), and Fe NP@HC-derived pyrolysis char (HDPC). The functions of N and S atoms and the loading mass of the Fe NP in the Fe NP@BC in heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions were studied. To sustain its cost-effectiveness, the spent Fe NP@BC was regenerated using NaOH. Among the composites, the Fe NP@BC achieved an almost complete removal of As(III) and TC under optimized conditions (1.0 g/L of dose; 10 mM H2O2; pH 6; 4 h of reaction; As(III): 50 μM; TC: 50 μM). The co-oxidative removal of As(III) and TC by the Fe NP@ BC was controlled by the synergistic interactions between the Fe NPs and the active N and S sites of the BC for generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). After four consecutive regeneration cycles, about 61 and 95% of As(III) and TC removal were attained. This implies that the spent carbocatalyst still has reasonable catalytic activities for reuse. Overall, this suggests that adding technological values to unused biochar as a carbocatalyst like Fe NP@BC was promising for co-oxidative removal of As(III) and TC from contaminated water.

Controllable fabrication of nitrogen-deficient graphitic carbon nitride/magnetic ferric oxide and N2 photofixation on the active sites of surface defects

Z-scheme nitrogen-deficient graphitic carbon nitride/ferric oxide (GCNx/FO) photocatalysts were obtained by a one-step calcination method. The number of nitrogen defects was tuned by the application of KOH, while the ferric oxide phase and magnetism was controlled by the usage of ferrous oxalate. Interconversion between the hematite (α) and maghemite (γ) phases of Fe2O3 was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, and magnetism of the GCNx-0.1/FO products provided via vibrating sample magnetometer test. The introduction of nitrogen defects narrowed the bandgap and extended the spectral range of light absorption while improving the ability to capture and activate N2 effectively. Surface defects were employed as active sites, and the ammonia generation concentration reached approximately 69.7 μmol/L/h by N2 photofixation under visible light. Due to their ease of synthesis and tuning, high photocatalytic activity, convenient and rapid collection for reuse, and excellent stability, GCNx/FO composited photocatalysts possess vast potential for use in clean ammonia production.

Repair and reuse: Misalignments between stakeholders and possible users

As part of the circular economy, grassroots initiatives from the social and solidarity economy (SSE) that promote reuse, reemployment and repair could be seen as ‘local sustainable initiatives’ and as citizen-based contributions to sustainability transitions that require favorable conditions to emerge. Despite a diversity of existing solutions, repair and reuse activities remain limited due to social, institutional and technical lock-ins.This study relies on two French case studies and mobilizes a theoretical framework that combines pragmatic sociology and science technology studies. The study illustrates that there are different modes of commitment to repair and that repair initiatives appeal primarily to people of the militant mode of commitment. Even though a rather broad range of citizens is somehow committed to the practice of repairing, repair initiatives generally fail to attract this broad range of citizens because the type of citizen commitment that they assume occurs only at marginal levels.

Changing scenery: Historicity in the Area of Lake Hjälmaren, Sweden, c. 2800-2300 BC

The article addresscs changes in the archacological record during the Middle Neolithic B in the area of Lake Hjälmaren. The main focus is on the difference between the Pitted Ware sitcs and thc Boat-Axe sites with regard to choice of location. Traditionally the different distributions ofthesc two assemblages have been understood as designating two different and more or less contcmporaneous "cultures". An alternative view to the conventional understanding is that the material cultures represent use and re-use activities associated with different spaces in thc landscape. In thc author's opinion, the choices and activities that constitute these spaces should be understood as reflecting activities that took place in relation to a pre-existing landscape. In order to describe and analyse the relationship, the author applies theories ofhistoricity and landmark, pointing towards an active social reproduction of a landscape.

Effect of unconventional water resources interventions on the management of Gaza coastal aquifer in Palestine

Abstract The non-conventional water resources of seawater desalination, wastewater treatment, and stormwater harvesting are promising water resources to enhance the water supply and to cope with the groundwater depletion of the Gaza coastal aquifer (GCA). In total, the current daily operation of the short-term low-volume (STLV) seawater desalination plants produces 36,000 m3 and, on the large-scale perspective, the seawater desalination capacity is planned to increase from 150,000 to 300,000 m3 per day by the years 2025 and 2035, respectively. The wastewater treatment and reuse activities are processed through three wastewater treatment plants with a total daily capacity of 130,000 m3 which is proposed to be increased to a capacity of 235,000 m3 by the beginning of 2025. Stormwater collecting and harvesting supply the water sector by about 550–820 cubic meters per day. The proposed stochastic and artificial intelligence model that was developed in this study to simulate the interactive conditions between the groundwater and the water intervention plan showed proper performance in terms of (r) = 0.95–0.99 and the root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.09–0.21. The model outputs reveal that the annual groundwater abstractions will reach 192 million cubic meters by 2040 with an annual increasing rate of +3%. By applying the model, the optimum utilization of the unconventional water resources contributes positively to the recovery of the GCA, which is experiencing a decline hot spot in the water level that reaches to −19 m below mean sea level (MSL) and is expected to drop to −28 m MSL by 2040. The impact of unconventional water resources interventions was investigated by simulating the water table trend using stochastic models and artificial neural networks (ANNs) through three scenarios. The first scenario, which addresses the non-intervention status, indicates that the groundwater table will decline by −1.5% in the northern governorates and by −51% in the southern governorates of the Gaza Strip within 2020–2040. The second scenario demonstrates the impact of the existing water interventions that revealed an interim recovery in the groundwater balance until 2025 in which the water consumption tended to increase rapidly. The third scenario illustrates the impact of applying the full water management intervention plan in which the depression cone in the groundwater level will be restored by about +10 m.

Enabling Reuse in Extended Producer Responsibility Schemes for White Goods: Legal and Organisational Conditions for Connecting Resource Flows and Actors

Extended producer responsibility (EPR) schemes have proliferated across Europe and other parts of the world in recent years and have contributed to increasing material and energy recovery from waste streams. Currently, EPR schemes do not provide sufficient incentives for moving towards the higher levels of the waste hierarchy, e.g. by reducing the amounts of waste through incentivising the design of products with longer lifespans and by enhancing reuse activities through easier collection and repair of end-of-life products. Nevertheless, several municipalities and regional actors around Europe are increasingly promoting reuse activities through a variety of initiatives. Furthermore, even in the absence of legal drivers, many producer responsibility organisations (PROs), who execute their members’ responsibilities in EPR schemes, are considering promoting reuse and have initiated a number of pilot projects. A product group that has been identified as having high commercial potential for reuse is white goods, but the development of large-scale reuse of white goods seems unlikely unless a series of legal and organisational barriers are effectively addressed. Through an empirical investigation with relevant stakeholders, based on interviews, and the analysis of two case studies of PROs that developed criteria for allowing reusers to access their end-of-life white goods, this contribution presents insights on drivers and barriers for the repair and reuse of white goods in EPR schemes and discusses potential interventions that could facilitate the upscale of reuse activities. Concluding, although the reuse potential for white goods is high, the analysis highlights the currently insufficient policy landscape for incentivising reuse and the need for additional interventions to make reuse feasible as a mainstream enterprise.

Investment Leverage for Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage

This article tracks the design of a panoptic toolkit of complementary financial (grant and endowment, tax, debt and equity) and non-financial (regulation, real estate, risk mitigation and performance, capacity building, impact metric and digital network) instruments, designed to leverage capital investment and engender collaborative partnerships, to encourage investment capital to flow to cultural heritage adaptive reuse activities. Cultural heritage activities encompass adaptive reuse and energy retrofit of built heritage structures, protecting natural eco-systems and enabling local community enterprise activities. These activities embody circular economy dimensions, that stimulate social, cultural, environmental and economic regeneration, within the global value chain. Many cultural heritage investments entail long-term time horizons, requiring patient investment strategies. Consideration of the financial landscape, with regard to capital investment leverage is as much about understanding the motivations of participants to engage in the capital markets, as about innovations in financial instruments to safeguard cultural heritage values. Individual financial instruments, within the toolkit, such as debt and equity tools, are not new and some have a long association within traditional capital markets. What is new, is a framework for the engagement of blended complementary instruments, pooled within diverse multidisciplinary collaborative social enterprise fund structures, to achieve intentional and measurable impact investment returns. Risk adjusted investment return metrics include the analysis of socio-cultural and environmental impact returns in unison with market based financial returns, including below market returns in some instances. A case study of a revolving social impact fund is provided to give a practical example of combined complementary hybrid financial instruments within a collaborative funding structure. The ultimate choice and design of blended and pooled hybrid tool combinations and hybrid fund structures will change from building to building, and community to community, but must always prioritize the need to protect people and ecosystems in parallel with saving vulnerable cultural heritage resources. The selection of tailored hybrid financial instruments, to enhance circular economy transitionary ambitions, must remain flexible within a long-term collaborative investment strategy. The key change in mindset, central to cultural heritage financial toolkit development, is the enablement of capital leverage investment strategies that prioritize people and the ecosystem over pure profit motivation.

Spatial investigation of technological choice and recycling in copper‐base metallurgy of the South Caucasus

Recent research has brought the prolific bronze industry of Bronze Age Colchis (modern western Georgia) into focus, but many aspects are still poorly understood. This study synthesizes and reinterprets legacy Cu alloy compositional data to investigate technological choices and spatial patterning. It reveals a massive injection of fresh copper into the system during the Late Bronze–Early Iron Age, and a high degree of selectivity in the alloys used for different objects, with colour being as important as hardness in determining these choices. Spatial analyses show significant geographical variability in alloying practices, which map onto topographical zones in unexpected ways. We also explore recycling practices and argue that the term encompasses a range of different reuse activities, which may be employed under differing economic conditions. Finally, the data suggest relatively extensive primary alloying of tin and copper in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages, which further substantiates the speculation that some local tin sources were exploited.

Identifying and categorising knowledge reuse activities in electronic repositories

PurposeKnowledge reuse using electronic repositories, while increasingly important, requires more thorough analysis. Service modularity has been recently applied in services research but has not been integrated into knowledge reuse studies. The purpose of this paper is to draw on both service modularity and knowledge reuse to develop and validate a framework that categorises forms of packaged knowledge in an electronic repository.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on knowledge reuse and service modularity research, a model is proposed. The model is empirically tested using a case study research design.FindingsThis research highlighted the value of including both context and process as key dimensions when packaging service knowledge for reuse. This study identifies knowledge types present in modular solutions and how they were configured and reconfigured in the knowledge repository. This research identified five ways modularised services were leveraged. In addition to the traditional scale and stretch approaches, already present, but conflated, in the service literature, three other configurations were identified; shrink, separate and segment.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are based on a single empirical case study which may limit the generalisability of the findings. There is a need for additional research to further validate the model in additional contexts.Practical implicationsThis study provides managers with empirical examples of how a modular repository was used in practice and outlines five ways of recombining contextual and processual elements to enable service codification and reuse. It has implications for how knowledge is decomposed and recombined in repositories, suggesting an explicit separation of context and process knowledge while developing modular elements within both.Originality/valueTo the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study that explicitly uses context and process as dimensions and draws on service modularity to understand types of knowledge reuse in electronic repositories. In doing so, it adds value by developing and validating a model that identifies five types of reuse.

Re-Processing of Multilayer Plastic Materials as a Part of the Recycling Process: The Features of Processed Multilayer Materials.

The weight of packaging materials will be increased with advanced innovations, such as multilayer plastic. The consequence of the advanced innovations is challenges in the following reuse activities. This study aimed to investigate the properties of multilayer plastic materials after recycling processes and will increase the awareness of plastic packaging material for reuse options. In this research, the materials were produced from food packages by crushing them and treating them with injection molding equipment. The implementation of materials in the processing was tested, and the structural and mechanical characteristics of the produced plastic materials was evaluated and discussed. Based on the completed tests, plastic materials used in food packages have the clearest differences in the material features, for instance, the melt flow rate and elongation rate in the tensile test that varied between 2.96–48.4 g/10min and 2–289%, respectively. The variation in the characterizations ranged widely between the material structures. The results indicate that solid plastic packaging materials have better mechanical features compared to foil materials. The structural analysis of materials showed that multilayer plastic includes a wide spectrum of different elements within materials, creating a challenge for future recycling.

Fabrication, characterization, and application of ternary magnetic recyclable Bi2WO6/BiOI@Fe3O4 composite for photodegradation of tetracycline in aqueous solutions

We aim at fabricating a ternary magnetic recyclable Bi2WO6/BiOI@Fe3O4 composite that could be applied for photodegradation of tetracycline (TC) from synthetic wastewater. To identify any changes with respect to the composite's morphology and crystal structure properties, ΧRD, FTIR, FESEM-EDS, PL and VSM analyses are carried out. The effects of Fe3O4 loading ratio on the Bi2WO6/BiOI for TC photodegradation are evaluated, while operational parameters such as pH, reaction time, TC concentration, and photocatalyst's dose are optimized. Removal mechanisms of the TC by the composite and its photodegradation pathways are elaborated. With respect to its performance, under the same optimized conditions (1 g/L of dose; 5 mg/L of TC; pH 7; 3 h of reaction time), the Bi2WO6/BiOI@5%Fe3O4 composite has the highest TC removal (97%), as compared to the Bi2WO6 (63%). After being saturated, the spent photocatalyst could be magnetically separated from solution for subsequent use. In spite of three consecutive cycles with 71% of efficiency, the spent composite still has reasonable photocatalytic activities for reuse. Overall, this suggests that the composite is a promising photocatalyst for TC removal from aqueous solutions.

Approaching a zero-waste strategy by reuse in New York City: Challenges and potential.

In New York City (NYC), the aspiring target of zero waste to landfills is robustly engaging the often poorly understood solid waste management technique of reuse. The reuse activities occurring in NYC are reported, accounting for the quantities of reuse of various products, such as furniture, appliances and automobile accessories, amongst others. The quantities of products are translated to reuse mass and net CO2-eq emissions saved as a consequence of reuse. This quantitative assessment employs the Reuse Impact Calculator (RIC), based on the Waste Reduction Model (WARM). The RIC is a novel calculator used to quantitatively assess the environmental impact of material reuse. It uses the information about the material to be reused from the WARM database and estimates the emissions and energy savings based on the product's final destination, that is, reuse, landfill, recycle or composting. A close monitoring of reuse activities in NYC shows 45 × 106 kg of reuse occurring for different products that would otherwise be directed to landfills. The net emissions reduced annually by reuse is approximately 122 × 106 kg of CO2-eq. This article compares the NYC reuse activities with that occurring in some select cities of the world. It is shown that the maximum recycle potential is saturated at 66%, and only auxiliary strategies like reuse can achieve the zero waste to landfill ambitions. Furthermore, this work discusses the role of reuse in the circular economy, wherein the resource utilization is maximized by increasing the shelf life of the product, and thereby enabling a maximum reuse potential.

Estratégias da gestão de resíduos têxteis na Região Metropolitana de Estocolmo

Resumo A indústria da moda produz mais do que a população necessita, o que conduz para o esgotamento de mananciais e para a geração de resíduos e poluição. Considera-se que a atividade de reúso de têxteis exige comportamento cívico, infraestrutura adequada e modelos de negócio inovadores. Este estudo buscou descrever as características estruturais do gerenciamento do descarte e do reúso de têxteis no intuito de mostrar as práticas que sustentam o comércio de produtos de segunda mão na Região Metropolitana de Estocolmo, Suécia. A metodologia adotada foi o estudo multicasos descritivo e exploratório. Os resultados indicam que as facilidades no manejo dos resíduos têxteis para coleta, triagem e distribuição e as políticas adotadas pela Suécia favorecem o crescimento de negócios sustentáveis ligados a essa cadeia produtiva.

Pathogen infection risk to recreational water users, associated with surface waters impacted by de facto and indirect potable reuse activities

Water deficit, exacerbated by global population increases and climate change, necessitates the investigation of alternative non-traditional water sources to augment existing supplies. Indirect potable reuse (IPR) represents a promising alternative water source in water-stressed regions. Of high concern is the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in wastewater, such as enteric viruses, protozoa and bacteria. Therefore, a greater understanding of the potential impact to human health is required. The aim of this research was to use a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) approach to calculate the probability of potential pathogen infection risk to the public in surface waters used for a range of recreational activities under scenarios: 1) existing de facto wastewater reuse conditions; 2) after augmentation with conventionally treated wastewater; and 3) after augmentation with reclaimed wastewater from proposed IPR schemes. Forty-four 31 l samples were collected from river sites and a coastal wastewater treatment works from July 2016–May 2017. Concentrations of faecal indicator organisms (enterococci, faecal coliforms, somatic coliphages and Bacteroides phages) determined using culture-based approaches and selected pathogens (adenovirus, Salmonella and Cryptosporidium) determined using molecular approaches (qPCR) were used to inform QMRA. The mean probability of infection from adenovirus under de facto conditions was high (>0.90) for all recreational activities, per single event. The risk of adenovirus and Cryptosporidium infection increased under augmentation scenario (2) (mean probability 0.95–1.00 and 0.01–0.06 per single event, respectively). Adenovirus and Cryptosporidium infection risk decreased under reclaimed water augmentation scenario (3) (mean probability <0.79, excluding swimming, which remained 1.00 and <0.01 per single event, respectively). Pathogen reduction after reclaimed water augmentation in surface waters impacted by de facto reuse, provides important evidence for alternative water supply option selection. As such, this evidence may inform water managers and the public of the potential benefits of IPR and improve acceptance of such practices in the future.

Ascending the Waste Hierarchy: Re-use potential in Swedish recycling centres

According to the waste hierarchy principle, which constitutes the basis of European waste legislation, waste prevention and re-use are considered – most of the times – better waste management options than recycling. However, prevention and re-use activities are difficult to operationalise and measure, without a monitoring framework in place. This contribution investigates the potential of re-using end-of-life products that have been disposed at recycling centres in Sweden. Recycling centres receive a wide variety of materials for recycling, of which a portion could be re-used instead. The aim is to identify what product groups can be re-used, the share of these potentially re-usable products in the recycling centres, and under what conditions their re-use is feasible. A literature review of similar studies, site visits at recycling centres in Sweden, and semi-structured interviews with relevant stakeholders were used to analyse the potential for re-use in private recycling centres in Sweden. The most suitable product groups for re-use identified are building materials, furniture and electrical equipment (mainly white goods), as other material types are mostly handled by charity organisations (e.g. textiles). There is significant potential for increasing re-use operations in recycling centres, but in order to be economically profitable it is important to identify the most suitable material fractions (or product groups) and engage in strategic partnerships that will allow more effective organisation of re-use processes.

A hybrid DevOps process supporting software reuse: A pilot project

AbstractLarge software development organizations manage reusable software components through a reusable software repository in order to reduce development time and cost and to improve software quality and productivity. This paper presents a hybrid DevOps process with a systematic reuse‐based software development and management process to reduce the effort and cost required for the rework and to increase productivity. The proposed approach promotes the systematic reuse of software components based on both information retrieval and ontology‐based retrieval techniques. The reusable assets are presented in different styles to ease and support the reuse process with fine‐grained reusable artifacts. To evaluate our proposed process, a pilot project, aiming to monitor the health of a patient, was developed and monitored the reuse activities throughout the whole experiment. The results revealed that our proposed process got an average gain of 35.2% in terms of developed function points by reusing 30.63% of reusable artifacts available in the reuse repository.

(Im-)material flow analysis framework implementation on repair and reuse initiatives

This research aims at understanding better the nature of stakeholders’ resistance to and interest in repair and reuse. In fact, the authors assume that in the future waste management could be less centralized using a network of territorialized initiatives based on repair and reuse activities with high social and environmental values. Such system innovation requires tools and methods to support analysis and facilitate decision-making in multi-stakeholders, multi-scales systems. The framework for spatiotemporal analysis of territorial projects considers a project’s stakeholder network and the way they mobilize resources. These resources may be tangible or intangible, brought by individuals, organizations or even the territory. This communication focuses on the implementation of such an analysis in the community of communes Coeur de Savoie, to understand how local initiatives emerge and on which interactions and resources they are based. This paper proposes feedback on the implementation of the spatio-temporal analysis in one case study (Coeur de Savoie), and provides insights to build new networks promoting reuse and repair.