Product Development Activities Research Articles

Customer engagement design in industrial innovation

While the design of goods and services is undeniably important in cultivating customer engagement (CE) with industrial innovations, the theoretical interface of industrial design, innovation, and CE remains nebulous, exposing an important literature-based gap. Relatedly, while the literature has focused on the firm as the focal designing stakeholder, further knowledge building is needed regarding the engagement of other stakeholders (e.g., employees or fellow customers), who may co-design an industrial firm's offering (e.g., by contributing to its product development activity), and its effect on CE. That is, as co-designing stakeholders can help design industrial offerings through their respective engagement, we advance an omni-stakeholder perspective of industrial design in this paper. We address these issues by composing a conceptual model and an associated set of propositions that explore the effect of different stakeholders' engagement in co-designing industrial innovations, and their respective effect on CE with the innovation. Next, we introduce the papers contained in this Issue and their links to the framework. We conclude by outlining further research avenues that arise from our analyses.

Marketing of Accountancy Services in Nigeria: The Institutional Constraints

This paper examined the institutional constraints in the marketing accountancy services in Nigeria. It was established that accountancy services are many, and they include services provided by accountants other than statutory audit. In view of the fact that providers of these services are professionally qualified accountants, there must be some competition among them, leading to intense marketing activities. However, this paper found that professional bodies, in particular, Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) have developed stringent guidelines, rules, and professional ethical standards that seriously curtail marketing activities of product (service) development, and service distribution, pricing, and promotional activities among accountants in Nigeria.

Tailoring the Engineering Design Process Through Data and Process Mining

Engineering changes (ECs) are new product development activities addressing external or internal challenges, such as market demand, governmental regulations, and competitive reasons. The corresponding EC processes, although perceived as standard, can be very complex and inefficient. There seem to be significant differences between what is the “officially” documented and the executed process. To better understand this complexity, we propose a data-driven approach, based on advanced text analytics and process and data mining techniques. Our approach sets the first steps toward an automatic analysis, extracting detailed events from an unstructured event log, which is necessary for an in-depth understanding of the EC process. The results show that the predictive accuracy associated with certain EC types is high, which assures the method applicability. The contribution of this article is threefold: 1) a detailed model representation of the actual EC process is developed, revealing problematic process steps (such as bottleneck departments); 2) homogeneous, complexity-based EC types are determined (ranging from “standard” to “complex” processes); and 3) process characteristics serving as predictors for EC types are identified (e.g., the sequence of initial process steps determines a “complex” process). The proposed approach facilitates process and product innovation, and efficient design process management in future projects.

PENTINGNYA MENGHITUNG LABA/RUGI USAHA BAGI UMKM KELURAHAN KRENDANG, KECAMATAN TAMBORA, JAKARTA BARAT

There are various strategies that need to be carried out so that the pioneered business can develop and be successful, one of which is awareness of the importance of calculating Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) profits/losses. Unfortunately, most Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) only focus on marketing and product development activities. Many Micro, Small and Medium (UMKM) entrepreneurs still think that the calculation of business profit/loss is not too important. Likewise, there are still many Micro, Small and Medium (UMKM) entrepreneurs in Krendang sub-district, Tambora district who do not have the knowledge and skills to calculate business profit/loss. Micro, Small and Medium (UMKM) entrepreneurs in Krendang sub-district, Tambora district really need training that can improve the knowledge and skills of these entrepreneurs in calculating business profit/loss, therefore the Faculty of Economics and Business - Trisakti University in order to help meet the needs of these trainers, cooperate with The Krendang sub-district Apparatus, Tambora District, West Jakarta carries out Community Service (PKM) by providing practical training in calculating business profit and loss, starting from the explanation, understanding and process of calculating Profit/Loss up to the preparation of a business profit/loss report.The results after the PKM implementation were in line with expectations, where participants were very enthusiastic about asking about the calculation of business profit/loss and answering the exercise questions given and answering the questionnaire given, with the assessment getting an average value of 62 to 73 indicating the successful implementation of this PKM training has been in accordance with what is expected. It is expected that compared to the results of the pre-test, it is only around the average value of 46 to 54.

The Varying Returns to Diversification Along the Value Chain

This study examines whether the benefits of diversification vary across different value chain activities. The returns to diversification in product development and distribution activities are analyzed using a framework grounded in the intraindustry diversification literature and the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm. The study uses data from cocreation arrangements in the motion picture industry in which value chain activities are nearly decomposable—that is, split across producers and distributors—as a natural field study. Results based on 779 movies linked to 57 different production studios and distributed via 30 unaffiliated distributors or vertically integrated distribution branches show that greater focus in film production has a positive effect on profitability, whereas the level of focus/diversification in distribution is unrelated to profitability. This result holds regardless of whether the two functions are carried out within an integrated organization or across independent firms. Moreover, there is significant heterogeneity in the extent to which production studios benefit from increased focus which is tied to the composition of their product portfolios. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2022.0171 .

A Mathematical Model of Successful-Product Development by Considering the Indonesian Culture

Product development activities must be well managed; this will increase company productivity by optimizing the success factor strategy, which will inevitably lead to success. Furthermore, Some evidence suggest

Co-creation with crowdfunding backers for new products and entrepreneurial development: A longitudinal study on design entrepreneurs in Taiwan

Beyond financial aid, crowdfunding platforms allow entrepreneurs to involve potential customers in co-create activities to work on the project and enable entrepreneurial development. This longitudinal study explores the phenomenon of design entrepreneurship through crowdfunding, particularly, how design entrepreneurs develop new products through crowdfunding while engaging in value co-creation aimed at developing businesses. The study over three years was conducted to obtain holistic data to address the research inquiry. The findings of this study identify the patterns of the new product development (NPD) activities associated with the crowdfunding process and the open search strategy for seeking external knowledge. Co-creation with backers for new products and entrepreneurial development involves four components: (i) co-creation form, (ii) engagement platform, (iii) approach, and (iv) major actor. A framework was proposed to help crowdfunding entrepreneurs understand the interplay between customers and firms in terms of how co-creation arises and develops.

Forecasting New Product Demand Using Domain Knowledge and Machine Learning

Overview: Forecasting demand for new products is a challenging task, as it involves capturing relations of complex variables in markets where little or no historical data exist. Managers usually rely on surveys, intuition, and heuristics to forecast new products. Linear statistical tools used to predict demand for existing products are not suitable because there are not enough data to capture complex nonlinear relations in yet-to-be launched products. Other tools are appropriate for aggregate new categories but not for incremental company-specific products. Machine learning can capture complex nonlinear relations, but it usually requires significant amounts of data. Using an expert’s domain knowledge can circumvent the need for vast training datasets. To support product development activities, we propose a method that combines domain knowledge and machine learning to forecast market share of complex incremental new products. An experiment from the automobile industry shows the approach yields expressive results (82 percent forecast accuracy).

Розвиток експорту наукомістких послуг як каталізатор інноваційної діяльності

At the present stage, the knowledge-intensive services sector is one of the key drivers of the global knowledge-based economy. Knowledge-intensive services cover a wide range of market, financial, high-tech, social and other services based on the knowledge and experience of highly qualified specialists. This type of services acts as a catalyst for innovation activities of organizations based on an organic combination of production processes, research and development activities and consumer needs. Based on the study of a wide range of literary sources on the problems of innovation, innovation activities, knowledge-intensive services the concept of "knowledge-intensive services" was clarified, under which it is proposed to understand a wide range of services that are based on the knowledge of highly qualified professionals and acting as a catalyst for innovation activities of organizations based on an organic combination of production, science and consumers. The results of the analysis of foreign and domestic trends in the export of knowledge-intensive services allow to assert that Ukraine has a significant human resource potential, the implementation of which can provide high volumes of provision of knowledge-intensive services. The positive dynamics of development of knowledge-intensive services export by Ukraine indicates that our country has real prospects to become a successful innovation region in the near future. After all, it has been proven that one of the key catalysts of innovation activity is the services that are based on the knowledge of highly qualified specialists and allow to combine production processes, scientific activity and consumer needs. Thanks to the opportunity to increase exports of knowledge-intensive services, there will be a chance to expand the shares of foreign markets and thus ensure the progressive development of the national economy. Taking into account all the above-mentioned, the actual task for today is the formation and use of tools to stimulate exports of knowledge-intensive services by domestic business entities to enhance innovation activity. This task should be implemented at all levels of the national economy, which will allow obtaining a synergistic effect in this area. Thus, the level model of development of export of knowledge-intensive services as a catalyst for innovation activity was improved. The proposed model organically combines and systematizes the priority objectives of development of the export of knowledge-intensive services, key stakeholders to be involved in the development of export of knowledge-intensive services in Ukraine, the priority ways, vectors and tools of development of the export of knowledge-intensive services, as well as the expected results of the impact of development of export of knowledge-intensive services at the macro-, meso- and micro-levels of the national economy. In addition, the level model of development of export of knowledge-intensive services as a catalyst for innovation activity represents the mechanism of relationships between all structural elements, which allows to achieve a synergistic effect in the development of export of knowledge-intensive services of Ukraine.

Improving Mixed-Reality Prototyping through a Classification and Characterisation of Fidelity

AbstractPrototyping is a vital activity in product development. For reasons of time, cost and level of definition, low fidelity representations of products are used to advance understanding and progress design. With the advent of Mixed Reality prototyping, the ways in which abstractions of different fidelities can be created have multiplied, but there is no guidance on how best to specify this abstraction. In this paper, a taxonomy of the dimensions of product fidelity is proposed so that both designers and researchers can better understand how fidelity can be managed to maximise prototype value.

Integrated Design Thinking to Improve Pedagogical Practices in Creative Engineering Design

Repeated testing, revision, and verification make products have market value and the commercialization of creative ideas reflected in the product. In the model, product and industrial designs present actual cases so that students are trained from scratch to clarify problems, identify needs, establish functional structures, and evaluate the creative design and engineering design. A good design plan includes market and user demand analysis, creative thinking, concept formation, and actual prototype making. Thus, students need to learn how to simulate the actual product design and development process through design protection and complete design planning. Therefore, taking creative engineering design courses as an example, this study aims to introduce various design methods into interactive teaching by using the problem/project-based learning (PBL) and science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) model. In industry, the methods are expected to simulate how a product design engineer faces the market and consumers. The results reveal the following. Students prefer to focus on hands-on practice and ask for examples and supplementary reference materials and a diversified interactive learning model. They like to work in groups and interact with peers and teachers to learn in real-time, hoping to know their levels and thoughts. They hope to apply what they learn for future career development. The education model integrates academic theory and industrial practice to reduce the gap between learning and practice in the industry.

Blockchain in Biopharma

Blockchain is a technology that was first outlined in 1991 and more widely popularized in 2008. It is most known for its association with cryptocurrency and digital assets. Still, the underlying technology that stores information about records and transactions has significant potential for the many activities in biopharma product development and commercialization. In this perspective, we try to demystify what a blockchain is and discuss what properties blockchain has that can be applied to biopharma companies. We will explore groups taking on this challenge and scratch the surface around obstacles needed to be overcome for wider adoption.

TO THE PROBLEM OF DEVELOPMENT OF FINE MOTOR SKILLS OF HANDS IN PRESCHOOLERS WITH SPEECH DISORDERS

The purpose of the article is to analyze and substantiate the features of the development of fine motor skills of hands in children of senior preschool age with speech disorders. The study of the influence of the development of fine motor skills on speech impairment plays an essential role for correctional pedagogy. Disturbances in the development of the motor sphere of the child are successfully overcome and corrected, provided that early pedagogical assistance is provided to children. A favorable period for an active corrective and developmental impact on the violation of speech activity is the senior preschool age. Fine motor skills are one of the sides of the motor sphere, directly related to the mastery of objective actions, the development of productive activities, writing, speech of the child. Scientists believe that speech, like the entire cognitive sphere of a person, today has its highest forms of development due to labor, complex hand operations, starting with the development of fine and general motor skills. The formation and development of fine motor skills of the hands is closely related to the development of the left temporal and left frontal areas of the brain, which in turn are responsible for the formation of many mental functions. The results of the study show that the level of speech development in preschool children is always directly dependent on the degree of development of fine finger movements. Fine motor skills are the basis of development, are the foundation for the development of all mental processes (attention, memory, perception, thinking, speech). Children with speech disorders are characterized by a lag in the development of all types of motor skills – general, mimic, fine and articulatory, violations in the development of basic movements and their physical qualities, insufficient static and dynamic coordination of general and small movements, a decrease in speed and dexterity when performing exercises. Their constructive praxis is disturbed, which is mainly associated with underdevelopment of fine motor skills of the fingers.

A Collaborative Architecture to support Circular Economy through Digital Material Passports and Internet of Materials

Circular Economy is regarded to be a suitable strategy to achieve the sustainable production and consumption of the Earth's resources. However, the effective implementation of the Circular Economy requires information about materials throughout the lifecycle phases. This paper provides a framework for the material lifecycle digitization through the establishment of the digital material passport. The latter born together with the physical material at the sourcing phase, and flow with it in all the lifecycle phases. Examples of information to be stored in the digital passport of materials are provided. To foster more sustainable and circular products, a digital network of material passports is needed, the Internet of Materials, which would act as an eco-collaborative platform that assists designers and engineers during the product development activity. Requirements, effects, and challenges of such platform are discussed.

Challenges of Utilizing Sensor Data Acquired by Smart Products in Product Development Activities

Challenges of Utilizing Sensor Data Acquired by Smart Products in Product Development Activities

The Effect of Complexity and Work Motivation on The Performance of Minor Change-Scale Product Development Projects In Automotive Manufacturing Industry

The increasing market competition in the Indonesian automotive manufacturing industry requires automotive manufacturing companies to adapt to changes through product development activities. Unfortunately, failure in product development projects is still high. One of the possible key factors of a successful product development project is work motivation. Another factor that is suspected to affect is the complexity of the project. Therefore, this study aims to find the effect of work motivation and project complexity on product development project performance. The research was conducted on 94 members of product development project team in Indonesian automotive manufacturing industry with a minor change scale using purposive sampling. Data was collected through online questionnaire with a response rate of 65.7% and then analyzed using PLS - SEM. The results of the study showed that project complexity had a positive effect on work motivation and otherwise on project performance. On the other hand, it turns out that work motivation is not proven to affect the performance of product development projects in the automotive manufacturing industry in Indonesia.

Assessing energy resilience and its greenhouse effect: A global perspective

A sound and resilient global energy system can effectively guarantee normal production and green research and development activities, which have uncertain global greenhouse effect. Thus, to accurately investigate the potential impact of energy resilience on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, we first construct an energy resilience composite index based on three components (i.e., energy access, renewable energy, and energy efficiency) by employing cross-sectional data of 107 countries in 2016. Then, to explore the internal impact mechanism in the energy resilience-CO2 nexus, we divide the total effect of energy resilience on CO2 emissions into three effects: scale effect, technical effect, and composition effect. The main findings of this study show that: (1) increased energy resilience across the globe is positively associated with CO2 emissions, and three sub-indexes of energy resilience (i.e., energy access, renewable energy, and energy efficiency) affect greenhouse effect positively; (2) strong energy resilience and CO2 emissions show significant asymmetric and regional heterogeneous relationships; and (3) the positive energy resilience-CO2 nexus stems from the fact that the negative technical and composition effects of energy resilience on CO2 emissions are fully offset by the strong positive scale effect. Following the above conclusions, we propose several policy implications of strengthening energy resilience and mitigating the greenhouse effect.

An Intelligent Approach to Evaluating CAD Software Packages Through Hesitant Fuzzy AHP

The evaluation of computer-aided design (CAD) packages among the rising number of alternatives in the market has been a critical process for companies because it directly affects the performance of their design/engineering-related activities in a new product development (NPD) as well as in R&D departments. Moreover, it is seen as an important step towards the computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) environment. On the other hand, the evaluation process of CAD software packages is a multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem in the presence of sets of alternatives and evaluation criteria, which should be solved using one of the MCDM methods in the current literature. Therefore, in this study, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), successfully implemented in both academic research and practices, is used for CAD software selection problem. The method is also used with the group decision-making approach to reach a more reliable solution. Additionally, due to the fact that the crisp pairwise comparison in the traditional AHP method seems to be insufficient and imprecise to capture the right judgments of decision makers (DMs), the hesitant fuzzy linguistic term-sets are integrated with the AHP approach (the hesitant F-AHP) to model the vagueness and uncertainty on judgments of the DMs. This proposed approach is also supported with a user-friendly Excel template that provides an effective tool for companies to evaluate and rank CAD software packages without many tiresome fuzzy comparisons and complex calculations. Moreover, in the paper, a numerical example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed approach to potential readers and practitioners. In this example, five CAD software options are evaluated based on six criteria by three DMs; and the best alternative is determined.

Identifying complaints based on semi-supervised mincuts

In today’s competitive business world, customer service is often at the heart of businesses that can help strengthen their brands. Customer complaint resolution in a timely and efficient manner is key to improving customer satisfaction. Moreover, customers’ complaints play important roles in identifying their requirements which offer a starting point for effective and efficient planning of the company’s overall R&D and new product or service development activities. That said, businesses face challenges towards automatically identifying complaints buried deep in massive online content. In this paper, we propose a graph-based semi-supervised learning paradigm leveraging syntactic and semantic representations of tweets. Intrinsic evaluation results on a benchmark dataset illustrate that the proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art supervised non-graph based classification models for solving the complaints identification task, and confirms the efficacy of the proposed approach. Experimental results also show that the performance of the state-of-the-art supervised complaint classification model trained over hand-crafted features extracted from several linguistic resources can be reached with less than 50% of the training data with the proposed approach.

A DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH TO USER-EXPERIENCE-FOCUSED MODEL-BASED ROADMAPPING FOR NEW PRODUCT PLANNING

AbstractUser experience (UX) focused business needs to survive and plan its new product development (NPD) activities in a highly turbulent environment. The latter is a function of volatile UX and technology trends, competition, unpredictable events, and user needs uncertainty. To address this problem, the concept of design roadmapping has been proposed in the literature. It was argued that tools built on the idea of design roadmapping have to be very flexible and data-driven (i.e., be able to receive feedback from users in an iterative manner). At the same time, a model-based approach to roadmapping has emerged, promising to achieve such flexibility. In this work, we propose to incorporate design roadmapping to model-based roadmapping and integrate it with various user testing approaches into a single tool to support a flexible data-driven NPD planning process.