Activity For Hydrogen Generation Research Articles

Fabrication of multiatomic structure of Cu-CoO/Co interface for efficient hydrogen generation from ammonia borane hydrolysis

Hydrogen generation from hydrolysis of ammonia borane is a secure and promising route for conversion of hydrogen energy. Preparation of efficient and economical catalysts is highly required for the development hydrogen economy. In this study, the Co-based catalysts with multiatomic structure were designed for hydrolysis of ammonia borane reaction. The synergistic effect between Co and M (M = Cu, Ni, Fe) greatly enhanced the catalytic performance of bimetallic catalysts. The TOF value of CoCu-NC-5 towards 8.12 min−1 is 7 times that of the single Co catalyst. Moreover, The CoCu catalysts showed the stronger synergistic effect and highest catalytic activity for hydrogen generation, compared with CoNi and CoFe catalysts. The TOF value of CoCu-NC-5 is 2.3 and 6.0 times that of CoFe-NC-5 and CoNi-NC-5 catalysts, respectively. The active component structure of Cu-CoO/Co interface in CoCu-NC-5 is beneficial for activation and dissociation of water molecule due to the strong electron transfer effect and positive synergy. The activation energy over CoCu-NC-5 is 34.25 kJ mol−1, and the catalyst exhibited good stability. This work provides a feasible method for rational design of efficient catalysts with hierarchical structure for conversion of energy.

Covalent Functionalization of CdSe Quantum Dot Films with Molecular [FeFe] Hydrogenase Mimics for Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution.

CdSe quantum dots (QDs) combined with [FeFe] hydrogenase mimics as molecular catalytic reaction centers based on earth-abundant elements have demonstrated promising activity for photocatalytic hydrogen generation. Direct linking of the [FeFe] hydrogenase mimics to the QD surface is expected to establish a close contact between the [FeFe] hydrogenase mimics and the light-harvesting QDs, supporting the transfer and accumulation of several electrons needed to drive hydrogen evolution. In this work, we report on the functionalization of QDs immobilized in a thin-film architecture on a substrate with [FeFe] hydrogenase mimics by covalent linking via carboxylate groups as the anchoring functionality. The functionalization was monitored via UV/vis, photoluminescence, IR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and quantified via micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The activity of the functionalized thin film was demonstrated, and turn-over numbers in the range of 360-580 (short linkers) and 130-160 (long linkers) were achieved. This work presents a proof-of-concept study, showing the potential of thin-film architectures of immobilized QDs as a platform for light-driven hydrogen evolution without the need for intricate surface modifications to ensure colloidal stability in aqueous environments.

Carbon-based nanomaterials: Characteristics, dimensions, advances and challenges in enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen production

The majority of research in the carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) field has concentrated on the classification and synthesis of CNMs, with relatively few studies focusing on CNMs’ roles in photocatalytic hydrogen production. CNMs have proven their potential as an effective addition to the appeal of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution because of their superior chemical and physical properties. This paper explores the recent advancements in photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production utilizing CNMs. As evidenced in the literature, carbon quantum dot (CQD)-sensitized titanium dioxide (TiO2) can demonstrate to have a photocatalytic hydrogen generation activity of 472 mol g−1 h−1 and 1458 mol g−1 h−1 without and with loading metal co-catalyst (Pt). The optimum catalyst, 0.4 CQD/CdS, contributes to the highest H2 production rate of 309 mmol g−1 h−1 (apparent quantum yield of 32.6%), which is 1.5 times greater than that of bare CdS. This would significantly accelerate the hydrogen production process. There are still challenges to reaching maximum photocatalytic hydrogen production, including low hydrogen storage. The overall price of hydrogen produced via photocatalysis is also higher because of the energy needed to store the hydrogen. Even though the problem is not directly related to the usage of CNMs, this restriction generates uncertainty and limits commercial investment. Given the rising demand for energy and the trend toward green power, it is recommended that extensive industrial uses of photocatalytic hydrogen produced by employing CNMs be investigated for better and more sustainable energy frameworks.

Construction of 1D/2D core-shell structured K6Nb10.8O30@Zn2In2S5 as S-scheme photocatalysts for cocatalyst-free hydrogen production

Constructing heterostructures is an effective strategy to achieve efficient photocatalysis. The determination of the heterojunction types depends on the photo-induced charge carrier transfer path. Therefore, understanding the charge carrier transfer mechanism of heterojunctions plays an irreplaceable role in guiding the construction of rational heterojunctions. However, it is challenging due to the microscopic nature of charge carrier transfer. Herein, an S-scheme K6Nb10.8O30@Zn2In2S5 (KNbO@ZIS) heterojunction with 1D/2D core-shell structure is designed for improving photocatalytic hydrogen production. KNbO@ZIS exhibits a greatly improved cocatalyst-free hydrogen generation activity (12.35 mmol h−1 g−1) compared to K6Nb10.8O30 (KNbO) and Zn2In2S5 (ZIS) under UV–visible illumination. The improvement of photocatalytic performance is mainly attributed to the suppressed recombination of photogenerated charge carriers by the S-scheme heterojunction. The 1D/2D core-shell structure further accelerates the charge carrier transfer in the photocatalysts. S-scheme heterojunction mechanism is also demonstrated by ex/in situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements as well as work function calculations. This work provides a powerful strategy for designing novel heterojunction composites.

AuPd Nanocatalysts Supported on Citric Acid-Modified Boron Nitride to Boost Hydrogen Generation from Formic Acid Dehydrogenation

Formic acid (FA) dehydrogenation is a potential technology for sustainable hydrogen production, while the tardy nature of FA dehydrogenation inhibits its development. To optimize the catalytic activity of hydrogen generation from formic acid dehydrogenation, citric acid-modified boron nitride with abundant −NH2 (CA–BN-NH2) is employed as a support to control the particle distribution, particle size, and electronic structure of AuPd nanoparticles. The obtained Au0.3Pd0.7/CA–BN-NH2 exhibits extraordinary catalytic activity for hydrogen production from FA dehydrogenation, possessing 100% hydrogen selectivity and an unprecedented initial turnover frequency (TOF) of 7046 mol H2 mol catalyst–1 h–1 without any additive, outperforming most of the reported noble metal catalysts under similar conditions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the extraordinary catalytic activities are mainly due to the geometric effect and electronic effect of AuPd nanoparticles derived from the modification of h-BN with citric acid and the accompanying −NH2. This work provides more flexibility for designing highly efficient nanocatalysts for hydrogen generation from FA dehydrogenation.

Structurally-New Hexadecanuclear Ni-Containing Silicotungstate with Catalytic Hydrogen Generation Activity

A structurally-new, carbon-free hexadecanuclear Ni-containing silicotungstate, [Ni16(H2O)15(OH)9(PO4)4(SiW9O34)3]19-, has been facilely synthesized using a one-pot, solution-based synthetic method systematically characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and several other techniques. The resulting complex works as a noble-metal-free catalyst for visible-light-driven catalytic generation of hydrogen, by coupling with a [Ir(coumarin)2(dtbbpy)][PF6] photosensitizer and a triethanolamine (TEOA) sacrificial electron donor. Under minimally optimized conditions, a turnover number (TON) of 842 was achieved for TBA-Ni16P4(SiW9)3-catalyzed hydrogen evolution system. The structural stability of TBA-Ni16P4(SiW9)3 catalyst under photocatalytic conditions was evaluated by the mercury-poisoning test, FT-IR, and DLS measurements. The photocatalytic mechanism was elucidated by both time-solved luminescence decay and static emission quenching measurements.

Single-Atom Sn-Loaded Exfoliated Layered Titanate Revealing Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity in Hydrogen Generation.

Green H2 generation through layered materials plays a significant role among a wide variety of materials owing to their high theoretical surface area and distinctive features in (photo)catalysis. Layered titanates (LTs) are a class of these materials, but they suffer from large bandgaps and a layers' stacked form. We first address the successful exfoliation of bulk LT to exfoliated few-layer sheets via long-term dilute HCl treatment at room temperature without any organic exfoliating agents. Then, we demonstrate a substantial photocatalytic activity enhancement through the loading of Sn single atoms on exfoliated LTs (K0.8Ti1.73Li0.27O4). Comprehensive analysis, including time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, revealed the modification of electronic and physical properties of the exfoliated layered titanate for better solar photocatalysis. Upon treating the exfoliated titanate in SnCl2 solution, a Sn single atom was successfully loaded on the exfoliated titanate, which was characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, including aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy. The exfoliated titanate with an optimal Sn loading exhibited a good photocatalytic H2 evolution from water containing methanol and from ammonia borane (AB) dehydrogenation, which was not only enhanced from the pristine LT, but higher than conventional TiO2-based photocatalysts like Au-loaded P25.

Fabrication of multi-scale CdS/ZnO heteroarchitectures with boosted dual photocatalytic activities for hydrogen generation and organic dye degradation under solar light

Binary multi-scale CdS/ZnO heterogeneous architectures comprised of zero-dimensional (0D) CdS nanoparticles depositing onto 3D flower-like architectures self-aggregated by 2D ZnO nanoflakes have been successfully fabricated by a facile aqueous chemical process. The H2-generation rate of the optimized CZ-3 is calculated to be 15.682 mmol g−1 h−1 under simulated solar irradiation, which is 15.25, 101.17 and 39.70 times higher than that of pristine ZnO, bare CdS, and the physical mixture, respectively. The photocatalytic oxidation kinetics rate constant over the optimal CZ-3 in degradation of Congo red is measured to be 0.05686 min−1 under simulated sunlight, which reaches 7.21, 9.07, 5.82 folds higher than that of pristine ZnO, pure CdS, and the physical mixture, respectively. The dual boosted photocatalytic performance of CdS/ZnO composite is assigned to the synergetic multi-scale heteroarchitecture with the interfacial heterojunction. The photocatalytic electron transfer mechanism is proposed based on the perfect band matching and the free radical experiments.

Role of vanadium ions substitution on spinel MnCo2O4 towards enhanced electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen generation

Improving efficient electrocatalysts (ECs) for hydrogen generation through water splitting is of significant interest in tackling the upcoming energy crisis. Sustainable hydrogen generation is the primary prerequisite to realizing the future hydrogen economy. This work examines the electrocatalytic activity of hydrothermally prepared vanadium doped MnCo spinel oxide microspheres (MC), MnVxCo2−xO4 (Vx-MnCo MC, where x ≤ 0.4) in the HER (hydrogen evolution reaction) process. Magnetization measurements demonstrated a paramagnetic (at high temperatures) to a ferrimagnetic (at low temperatures) transition below the Curie temperature (Tc) in all the samples. The magnetization is found to intensify with the rising vanadium content of MCs. The optimized catalyst Vx-MnCo MCs (x = 0.3) outperformed other prepared ECs with a Tafel slope of 84 mV/dec, a low onset potential of 78.9 mV, and a low overpotential of 85.9 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2, respectively. The significantly improved HER performance of hydrothermally synthesized Vx-MnCo MCs (x = 0.3) is principally attributable to many exposed active sites, accelerated electron transport at the EC/electrolyte interface, and remarkable electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ECSA) value was found ~ 11.4 cm2. Moreover, the Vx-MnCo MCs (x = 0.3) electrode exhibited outstanding electrocatalytic stability after exposure to 1000 cyclic voltametric cycles and 36 h of chronoamperometric testing. Our results suggest a feasible route for developing earth-abundant transition metal oxide-based EC as a superior electrode for future water electrolysis applications.

CdS supported on ZIF-67-derived Co-N-C as efficient nano polyhedron photocatalysts for visible light induced hydrogen production

Hydrogen energy is vital important for solving pollution of environment and energy shortage. Hydrogen production via solar energy and semiconductor photo-splitting water is one of the most environmentally friendly strategies at present. In this work, Co-N-C, a non-noble metal-based ZIF-67 derivative, was employed as a co-catalyst to achieve an in situ growth of spherical CdS via simple one-step hydrothermal. Due to the large specific surface area of Co-N-C, the agglomeration of CdS is avoided and the photocorrosion phenomenon is weakened. Under irradiation of visible light, the hydrogen generation activity of Co-N-C/CdS was achieved 905 μmol g−1 h−1. It is 6 times that of pure CdS with excellent stability. At the contact interface of the Co-N-C and CdS, the transfer and the separation of photoinduced carriers had been enhanced by a great many of channels. DFT calculation further showed that Co nanoclusters, as the active sites of hydrogen production, significantly enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity. Therefore, Co-N-C not only acts as electron acceptor, but also serves as support of highly dispersed CdS to promote the stability of system during photocatalytic hydrogen generation. This work demonstrates the advantages of CdS binding MOF derivatives to construct composite photocatalysts with enhanced dispersibility and hydrogen production activity.

P-N Heterojunction System Eu-Doped ZnO@GO for Photocatalytic Water Splitting.

Here, a feather-like Eu-doped ZnO (particle size ≈34.87µm and E g ≈3.13eV) nanoassembly is synthesized by using the capping agent cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-supported hydrothermal method. The Eu-doped ZnO is loaded onto the graphene oxide (GO) surface as Eu-doped ZnO@GO (particle size ≈23.07µm and E g≈0.79eV) and applied to measure the photocatalytic water splitting activity in 20% CH3OH under a 300W Xe light source. Eu-doped ZnO@GO exhibits the higher hydrogen generation activity of 255.8µmolh-1g-1 that is 159 and 1.5 times more than the pristine GO and Eu-doped ZnO systems, respectively. Eu-doped ZnO enhances the photocatalytic activity of GO because the p-n junction formed between GO and Eu-doped ZnO might support the charge-transfer and suppress charge recombination. The light harvesting power of Eu-doped ZnO@GO makes the charge transfer smooth through the GO network. Surface photovoltage and electrochemical impedance studies of the Eu-doped ZnO@GO composite, reveal that GO acts as the p-type semiconductor and Eu-doped ZnO works as an n-type semiconductor and their interface facilitates the p-n junction to ease charge separation and results in enhanced the water-splitting efficiency.

Controlling the Hydrogen Generation Reaction from Waste Water in Oil Fields Using an Ionic Liquid.

Hydrogen production technologies are attracting widespread interest in energy technologies. The conventional methods for hydrogen production suffer from high cost, restricting their production everywhere. Here, we use waste formation water from a petroleum field and carbon steel materials to produce hydrogen. The most suitable conditions have been investigated to maximize the hydrogen yield. In addition, an ionic liquid (i.e., tributylmethylammonium methyl carbonate, BMAMC) has been used to control the hydrogen generation reaction. We reveal that the amount of hydrogen release rapidly increases with decreasing pH of the solution from 6.7 to 2.5. A further increase in temperature resulted in more amount of hydrogen release. Our study investigates the influence of chloride ions on hydrogen generation activity. The results revealed that ionic liquid BMAMC remarkably decreases the amount of hydrogen release with an efficiency of 92% at 5.08 × 10-4 M. The addition of ionic liquid BMAMC into waste formation water increases the activation energy of the hydrogen generation reaction. The Langmuir model is the best isotherm describing the adsorption of BMAMC on carbon steel. Finally, to confirm the adsorption of the ionic liquid BMAMC, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis were conducted.

Cobalt decorated egg-shell-type activated carbon pellets: Catalytic application in hydrogen release from boron based solid fuel

Hydrogen became zero-carbon fuel used in fuel-cell or internal combustion engines, regard- ing energy sector green-hydrogen also has become an energy carrier in commercial appli- cations. For supporting decarbonization strategies based on hydrogen, boron-fuels are good options to safely store for mobile technologies. Ammonia borane (NH3BH3) is the one of the boron based fuels that stored 19.6 wt.% H2 in its structure chemically. Cobalt (Co) decorated egg-shell-type activated carbon pellets were synthesized for catalytic application of hydrogen release from NH3BH3. Two different sized pellet type activated carbon was decorated with co- balt by combined procedure as modified vacuum-impregnation method with heat fixation and reduction. The obtained catalysts were characterized by applying optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), transmis- sion electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen sorption based surface analyses (BET). Activated carbon provides porous structure for effectively dispersion Co particles while the outer shell shows the catalytic activity for hydrogen generation. Structural characterization results and preliminary activity tests confirmed that fabricated Co@ACPB exhibited better performance compared with Co@ACPS catalysts thanks to thinner shell thickness and higher BET surface area/pore volume properties. The results of the kinetic study showed the core-shell type Co based catalyst catalyzed the reaction and follows the zero-order reaction kinetic model with 41.78 kJmol-1. Activated carbon pellets provide well dispersion and stability of active Co sites, easy separation of used catalysts after the reaction and enable practical regeneration of cata- lytic materials.

Fabrication of heterostructured Pd-porphyrin MOFs/ZnIn2S4composites to boost photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation

The Pd-PMOFs@ZIS heterostructures exhibit prominently enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen generation activity.

Giant polyoxomolybdate clusters -derived bimetallic Ni/Mo2C catalyst for electrochemical hydrogen evolution

Developing stable and efficient electrocatalysts to produce clean energy sources is an impressive way to solve energy crisis problems. Herein, electrocatalysts of nickel and Mo2C nanoparticles painted with N-doped carbon layers (Ni/Mo2C@NC) were prepared based on the giant polyoxomolybdate clusters of ((NH4)42[Mo132O372(CH3COO)30(H2O)72]·10CH3COONH4·300H2O) (Mo132). Ni/Mo2C@NC shows outstanding electrocatalytic hydrogen generation activity and stability with overpotentials of 107 and 125 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH and 0.5 M H2SO4. This article offers a general way for preparing transition metal combined molybdenum carbide electrocatalysts applied in sustainable energy generation and conversion fields.

Efficient Visible-Light Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production by Z-Scheme ZnWO4/Mn0.5Cd0.5S Nanocomposite without Precious Metal Cocatalyst

How to restrain the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes is still very important for photocatalytic hydrogen production. Herein, Z-scheme ZnWO4/Mn0.5Cd0.5S (ZWMCS) nanocomposites are prepared and are applied as visible-light driven precious metal cocatalyst free photocatalyst for hydrogen generation. The ZnWO4/Mn0.5Cd0.5S nanocomposites with 30 wt% ZnWO4 (ZWMCS-2) can reach a photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 3.36 mmol g−1 h−1, which is much higher than that of single ZnWO4 (trace) and Mn0.5Cd0.5S (1.96 mmol g−1 h−1). Cycling test reveals that the ZMWCS-2 nanocomposite can maintain stable photocatalytic hydrogen evolution for seven cycles (21 h). The type of heterojunction in the ZWMCS-2 nanocomposite can be identified as Z-scheme heterojunction. The Z-scheme heterojunction can effectively separate the electrons and holes, so that the hydrogen generation activity and stability of the ZWMCS-2 nanocomposite can be enhanced. This work provides a highly efficient and stable Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst for hydrogen generation.

Enhanced water-gas shift reaction performance of MOF-derived Cu/CeO2 catalysts for hydrogen purification

The water-gas shift (WGS) reaction has received renewed interest because it is one of the key reactions for producing hydrogen and renewable energy in contemporary technologies like fuel cells and bio-refineries. Catalysts play an important role in WGS reaction for achieving high CO conversion and hydrogen generation activity. Thus, the performance and stability of catalysts are vital for the WGS reaction. In the present work, the CuCe metal-organic framework (MOF) is used as a template to derive the nanostructured Cu/CeO2 catalyst. The influence of CuCe-MOF templated approach on the WGS activity of Cu/CeO2 has been established. Different Cu doping levels had a significant impact on WGS activity. Amongst, the Ce0.8Cu0.2O2 (Cu2Ce) catalyst had a highest CO conversion (96%). The long-term stability tests further prove that the Cu2Ce catalyst had maintained high CO conversion over 100 h reaction time. XRD and TEM results suggest that different loadings of Cu content have a distinct impact on the dispersion of Cu and the catalytic properties. N2O chemisorption results suggest that 20 wt.% of Cu loading resulted in high Cu dispersion (52%) compared to other loadings. The H2-temperature programmed reduction (TPR) revealed that the superior catalytic activity of Cu2Ce catalyst could be attributed to the strong reducibility (i.e. lower redox temperature) derived from CuCe-MOF template. It further suggests well-dispersed copper oxide species at low Cu loadings and crystalline copper oxide species at high Cu loadings. This work emphasizes the significance of Cu/CeO2 catalysts with exceptional catalytic activity and stability for the WGS process with MOF-precursor.

Symbiotic Ni3Se4/Ni heterostructure induced by unstable NiSe2 for enhanced hydrogen generation

Creating dual-site catalysts that can separately provide good OH and H interaction sites for water dissociation and hydrogen adsorption is proved to be an effective strategy for improving the activity of hydrogen generation in alkaline medium. However, there is still great challenge to construct a robust dual-site catalyst with multiple and efficient interfaces. Herein, taking thermodynamically unstable cubic NiSe2 phase as a self-sacrificial template, a symbiotic Ni3Se4/Ni heterostructure is successfully synthesized via in-situ electrochemical reduction of Ni3Se4/NiSe2 precatalyst. Density functional theory calculation suggests that the d-band center and electronic state of Ni sites are well optimized after forming the Ni3Se4/Ni heterostructure, which is favorable for the proper hydrogen adsorption. Benefiting from the good electrical conductivity, large electrochemical surface area, and distinct sites for water dissociation, Ni3Se4/Ni exhibits a low overpotential of 106 mV at −10 mA cm−2 for hydrogen generation in 1 M KOH.

Cooperative hydrogen evolution reaction combining Cu2+1O and Ru active sites

The design and construction of electrocatalysts with multiple components to modulate the intrinsic catalytic activity is a compelling strategy to achieve Pt-like activity for hydrogen generation. Challenging on the inert Cu-based electrocatalysts for water reduction, herein, a novel and fruitful CuRu-based electrocatalysts (RuCuOx/NC) is established by combining dual-templates assembling and pyrolysis protocol with a subsequent hot-alkali corrosion. Benefitting from the synergetic effect of Cu2+1O (with copper excess defects) and Ru, the as-prepared RuCuOx/NC affords brilliant activity and stability under alkaline condition. In 1 M KOH, the RuCuOx/NC provides Pt-like activity with overpotential of ∼29 mV to reach 10 mA cm−2. Theoretical calculations certified that H2O dissociation was accelerated and hydrogen adsorption free energy was optimized by the cooperation of Cu2+1O and Ru. This work proposes a promising methodology to construct multi-components electrocatalysts, which may lend perspective for the design of advanced electrocatalysts for renewable energy systems.

WO3–x/PbS/Au Ternary Heterojunction Nanostructures for Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation

The design of photocatalyst with excellent light-harvesting and charge-separation abilities is quite important for high-performance photocatalysis. Herein, narrow-bandgap PbS, wide-bandgap WO3–x, and Au nanoparticles were combined to form a plasmon-mediated Z-scheme nanostructure for the first time. Particularly, PbS nanoparticles were deposited on oxygen-abundant WO3–x nanobricks, then Au nanoparticles were grown on the hybrids to form WO3–x/PbS/Au ternary nanostructures. Because of the cooperation of wide and narrow bandgaps as well as the oxygen vacancies and plasmon, the ternary hybrids displayed wide light absorption ranging from ultraviolet to near-infrared region. Meanwhile, the energy band arrangement of PbS and WO3–x provides a direct Z-scheme pathway and built-in electric field for charge transfer and separation. As a result, WO3–x/PbS hybrids displayed a large enhancement on photocatalytic hydrogen generation activity compared with the components under visible light irradiation, which is 9.2 and 9.8 times of WO3–x and PbS, respectively. Furthermore, the WO3–x/PbS/Au ternary hybrids showed the best photocatalytic performance that is 21.8 and 2.4 times of WO3–x and WO3–x/PbS hybrids. Meanwhile, the ternary photocatalysts possessed prominent apparent quantum efficiency under near-infrared light irradiation. The prominent photocatalytic performance can be attributed to the broadband light absorption, enhanced specific surface area, efficient charge transfer and separation induced by the oxygen-vacancy and plasmon-mediated Z-scheme band energy structure.