Activity-based Costing Analysis Research Articles

Optimization of Trade Product Inventory Using Activity Based Costing Analysis

Merchandise inventory is one of the assets that requires significant capital investment. If inventory is not managed properly, it can result in high storage costs, the risk of inventory shortages, or even expired products. Therefore, it is important to have the right strategy in managing inventory. This study aims to classify inventory items owned by UD. XYZ in order to minimize inventory costs by focusing inventory procurement on high-value priority items. The method used in this study is Activity Based Costing analysis (ABC). The results of this study are based on the ABC classification there are 7 types of goods that fall into category A or priority are Aoka, Roma sandwich, My jelly, Slai olai, Trick, Choco pie, and Chiki balls. Where these 7 types of goods need special attention in terms of inventory management because they absorb the most investment funds from the total goods owned. By knowing these items, companies can focus on more precise inventory management, including in terms of procurement, storage, and inventory control. This can help UD. XYZ reduces unnecessary storage costs and ensures optimal availability of goods. The results of this study can contribute to the understanding of the application of the ABC method in the context of merchandise inventory management. Keywords: ABC Analysis, Classification, Inventory, Optimization

Analysis of Raw Material Inventory Control using the ABC Analysis Method and EOQ Method in the Fajar Onion Crackers Business

Inventory control is one aspect that affect the company's smooth operation. In this study, the Activity Based Costing (ABC) analysis method and the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method are applied to control raw material inventory. The Bawang Fajar cracker business is one of the SMEs whose raw material inventory control has yet to use the ABC analysis method and the EOQ method. This research is applied research. Based on the results of this study, it was found that the grouping of raw material inventories according to ABC analysis was divided into three groups, namely group A; wheat flour and cooking oil, group B; eggs, and group C; onion and garlic. The TIC value based on the EOQ method is Rp. 1,749,102.00, while the TIC value based on the method used by the company is Rp. 3,582,200.00. So that the EOQ method is more effective than the method used by the company in the Fajar Bawang Crackers Business.

EE28 Identifying Factors Underlying Variation in the Cost of Acetabular Labral Repair or Debridement during Hip Arthroscopy: A Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing Analysis

Leveraging time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC), this study aims to (1) quantify the cost of arthroscopic acetabular labral repair or debridement and (2) explore variation in costs based on patient-specific characteristics, operative techniques employed, and surgical settings.

MP77-13 OUTPATIENT VERSUS INPATIENT ROBOTIC ASSISTED RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY: COMPLICATIONS, TIME DRIVEN ACTIVITIES BASED COSTING AND PATIENT SATISFACTION

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP77-13 OUTPATIENT VERSUS INPATIENT ROBOTIC ASSISTED RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY: COMPLICATIONS, TIME DRIVEN ACTIVITIES BASED COSTING AND PATIENT SATISFACTION Emily Cheng, Aaron Laviana, Spyridon Basourakos, Sofia Gereta, Alec Zhu, Leonardo Borregales, Xiangmei Gu, Miko Yu, Chunmei Mckernan, Siwen Xie, Christopher Barbieri, Douglas Scherr, and Jim Hu Emily ChengEmily Cheng More articles by this author , Aaron LavianaAaron Laviana More articles by this author , Spyridon BasourakosSpyridon Basourakos More articles by this author , Sofia GeretaSofia Gereta More articles by this author , Alec ZhuAlec Zhu More articles by this author , Leonardo BorregalesLeonardo Borregales More articles by this author , Xiangmei GuXiangmei Gu More articles by this author , Miko YuMiko Yu More articles by this author , Chunmei MckernanChunmei Mckernan More articles by this author , Siwen XieSiwen Xie More articles by this author , Christopher BarbieriChristopher Barbieri More articles by this author , Douglas ScherrDouglas Scherr More articles by this author , and Jim HuJim Hu More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003351.13AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Radical prostatectomy lengths of stay decreased with ketorolac analgesia and adoption of robotic assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the transition to outpatient RARP freed up critically needed hospital beds. The healthcare cost reduction afforded by the shift to outpatient RARP and its effect on patient satisfaction has yet to be explored. We compared healthcare costs, patient satisfaction and complications for outpatient vs. inpatient RARP. METHODS: We identified and compared a series of consecutive RARP performed as outpatient vs. inpatient and determined the capacity cost rate for every resource, including personnel, equipment, and space. After the lifting of hospital restrictions, men were given the option of inpatient vs. outpatient RARP. We also administered a validated Patient Satisfaction Outcome Questionnaire (PSOQ) post-operatively and compared median scores in perceived outcomes and satisfaction. A time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) analysis was applied to compare the total costs of care for RARP performed. Finally, we captured complications within 30 days of surgery using the Clavien-Dindo classification. We used multivariable regression to adjust for age, race, BMI, and ASA classification to assess the impact of outpatient vs. inpatient RARP on complications. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in patient characteristics for outpatient (n=145) vs. inpatient (n=80) RARP. When given the choice, 86.6% of men elected for outpatient vs. inpatient RARP. Outpatient RARP netted a $1387 (13.5%) cost reduction compared to inpatient RARP. There were no significant differences in outpatient vs. inpatient median satisfaction survey scores or complications within 30 days (11.0% vs. 11.3%, p=0.961). CONCLUSIONS: Outpatient RARP can be safely performed, with similar outcomes and compared to inpatient RARP. Outpatient RARP has significantly lower costs compared to inpatient RARP while maintaining similar patient satisfaction outcomes. Source of Funding: Jim C. Hu receives research support from the Frederick J. and Theresa Dow Wallace Fund of the New York Community Trust. Jim C. Hu also receives salary support from NIH R01 CA241758, R01 CA259173, R01 CA273031, PCORI CER-2019C1-15682 and CER-2019C2-17372 and a Prostate Cancer Foundation Challenge Award. The remaining authors report no further disclosures related to this work © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e1107 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Emily Cheng More articles by this author Aaron Laviana More articles by this author Spyridon Basourakos More articles by this author Sofia Gereta More articles by this author Alec Zhu More articles by this author Leonardo Borregales More articles by this author Xiangmei Gu More articles by this author Miko Yu More articles by this author Chunmei Mckernan More articles by this author Siwen Xie More articles by this author Christopher Barbieri More articles by this author Douglas Scherr More articles by this author Jim Hu More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Pediatric Outpatient Noncontrast Brain MRI: A Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing Analysis at Three U.S. Hospitals.

BACKGROUND. MRI utilization and the use of sedation or anesthesia for MRI have increased in children. Emerging alternative payment models (APMs) require a detailed understanding of the health system costs of performing these examinations. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to use time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) to assess health system costs for outpatient noncontrast brain MRI examinations across three children's hospitals. METHODS. Direct costs for outpatient noncontrast brain MRI examinations at three academic free-standing pediatric hospitals were calculated using TDABC. Examinations were categorized as sedated MRI (i.e., sedation or anesthesia), nonsedated MRI, or limited MRI. Process maps were created to describe patient workflows based on input from key personnel and direct observation. Time durations for each process activity were determined; time stamps from retrospective EMR review were used when possible. Capacity cost rates were calculated for resource types within three cost categories (labor, equipment, and space); cost was calculated in a fourth category (supplies). Resources were allocated to each activity, and the cost of each process step was determined by multiplying step-specific capacity costs by the time required for each step. The costs of all steps were summed to yield a base-case total examination cost. Sensitivity analysis for sedated MRI was performed using minimum and maximum time duration inputs for each activity to yield minimum and maximum costs by hospital. RESULTS. The mean base-case cost for a sedated brain MRI examination was $842 (range, $775-924 across hospitals), for a nonsedated brain MRI examination was $262 (range, $240-285), and for a limited brain MRI examination was $135 (range, $127-141). For all examination types, the largest cost category as well as the largest source of difference in cost between hospitals was labor. Sensitivity analysis found that the greatest influence on overall cost at each hospital was the duration of the MRI acquisition. CONCLUSION. The health system cost of performing a sedated MRI examination was substantially greater than that of performing a nonsedated MRI examination. However, the cost of each individual examination type did not vary substantially among hospitals. CLINICAL IMPACT. Health systems operating within APMs can use this comparative cost information for purposes of cost reduction efforts and establishment of bundled prices.

Comparison of COVID-19 hospitalization costs across care pathways: a patient-level time-driven activity-based costing analysis in a Brazilian hospital

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic raised awareness of the need to better understand where and how patient-level costs are incurred in health care organizations, as health managers and other decision-makers need to plan and quickly adapt to the increasing demand for health care services to meet patients’ care needs. Time-driven activity-based costing offers a better understanding of the drivers of cost throughout the care pathway, providing information that can guide decisions on process improvement and resource optimization. This study aims to estimate COVID-19 patient-level hospital costs and to evaluate cost variability considering the in-hospital care pathways of COVID-19 management and the patient clinical classification.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study that applied time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) in a Brazilian reference center for COVID-19. Patients hospitalized during the first wave of the disease were selected for their data to be analyzed to estimate in-hospital costs. The cost information was calculated at the patient level and stratified by hospital care pathway and Ordinal Scale for Clinical Improvement (OSCI) category. Multivariable analyses were applied to identify predictors of cost variability in the care pathways that were evaluated.ResultsA total of 208 patients were included in the study. Patients followed five different care pathways, of which Emergency + Ward was the most followed (n = 118, 57%). Pathways which included the intensive care unit presented a statistically significant influence on costs per patient (p < 0.001) when compared to Emergency + Ward. The median cost per patient was I$2879 (IQR 1215; 8140) and mean cost per patient was I$6818 (SD 9043). The most expensive care pathway was the ICU only, registering a median cost per patient of I$13,519 (IQR 5637; 23,373) and mean cost per patient of I$17,709 (SD 16,020). All care pathways that included the ICU unit registered a higher cost per patient.ConclusionsThis is one of the first microcosting study for COVID-19 that applied the TDABC methodology and demonstrated how patient-level costs vary as a function of the care pathways followed by patients. These findings can be used to develop value reimbursement strategies that will inform sustainable health policies in middle-income countries such as Brazil.

Costs of Newly Funded Proton Therapy Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing in The Netherlands.

Proton therapy (PT) has characteristics that enable the sparing of healthy, non-cancerous tissue surrounding the radiotherapy target volume better from radiation doses than conventional radiotherapy for patients with cancer. While this innovation entails investment costs, the information about the treatment costs per patient, especially during the start-up phase, is limited. This study aims to calculate the costs of PT at a single center during the start-up phase in the Netherlands. The cost of PT per patient was estimated for the treatment indications, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, brain cancer, thorax cancer, chordoma and eye melanoma. A time-driven activity-based costing analysis (TDABC), a methodology that calculates the costs of consumed healthcare resources by a patient, was conducted in a newly established PT center in the Netherlands (HPTC). Both direct (e.g., the human resource costs for medical staff) and indirect costs (e.g., the operating/interest costs, indirect human resource costs and depreciation costs) were included. A scenario analysis was conducted for short-term (2021), middle-term (till 2024) and long-term (after 2024) predicted patient numbers in the PT center. The total cost of PT in 2020 at the center varied between EUR 12,062 for an eye melanoma course and EUR 89,716 for a head and neck course. Overall, indirect costs were the largest cost component. The high indirect costs implied the potential of the scale of economics; according to our estimation, the treatment cost could be reduced to 35% of the current cost when maximum treatment capacity is achieved. This study estimated the PT cost delivered in a newly operated treatment center. Scenario analysis for increased patient numbers revealed the potential for cost reductions. Nevertheless, to have an estimation that reflects the matured cost of PT which could be used in cost-effectiveness analysis, a follow-up study assessing the full-fledged situation is recommended.

Improved hospital discharge and cost savings with esophageal cooling during left atrial ablation

BackgroundLeft atrial ablation to obtain pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) is a technologically intensive procedure utilizing innovative and continually improving technology. Changes in the technology utilized for PVI can in turn lead to changes in procedure costs. Because of the proximity of the esophagus to the posterior wall of the left atrium, various technologies have been utilized to protect against thermal injury during ablation. The impact on hospital costs during PVI ablation from utilization of different technologies for esophageal protection during ablation has not previously been evaluated.ObjectiveTo compare the costs of active esophageal cooling to luminal esophageal temperature (LET) monitoring during left atrial ablation.MethodsWe performed a time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) analysis to determine costs for PVI procedures. Published data and literature review were utilized to determine differences in procedure time and same-day discharge rates using different esophageal protection technologies and to determine the cost impacts of same-day discharge versus overnight hospitalization after PVI procedures. The total costs were then compared between cases using active esophageal cooling to those using LET monitoring.ResultsThe effect of implementing active esophageal cooling was associated with up to a 24.7% reduction in mean total procedure time, and an 18% increase in same-day discharge rate. TDABC analysis identified a $681 reduction in procedure costs associated with the use of active esophageal cooling after including the cost of the esophageal cooling device. Factoring in the 18% increase in same-day discharge resulted in an increased cost savings of $2,135 per procedure.ConclusionsThe use of active esophageal cooling is associated with significant cost-savings when compared to traditional LET monitoring, even after accounting for the additional cost of the cooling device. These savings originate from a per-patient procedural time savings and a per-population improvement in same-day discharge rate.

A time-driven activity-based costing analysis of motion analysis in adult spinal deformity

A time-driven activity-based costing analysis of motion analysis in adult spinal deformity

COVID-19 and hospital management costs: the Italian experience

BackgroundThis article investigates the hospital costs related to the management of COVID-19 positive patients, requiring a hospitalization (from the positivity confirmation to discharge, including rehabilitation activities).MethodsA time-driven activity-based costing analysis, grounding on administrative and accounting flows provided by the management control, was implemented to define costs related to the hospital management of COVID-19 positive patients, according to real-word data, derived from six public Italian Hospitals, in 2020.ResultsResults reported that the higher the complexity of care, the higher the hospitalization cost per day (low-complexity = €475.86; medium-complexity = €700.20; high-complexity = €1,401.65). Focusing on the entire clinical pathway, the overall resources absorption, with the inclusion of rehabilitation costs, ranged from 6,198.02€ to 32,141.20€, dependent from the patient’s clinical condition.ConclusionsData could represent the baseline cost for COVID-19 hospital management, thus being useful for the further development of proper reimbursement tariffs devoted to hospitalized infected patients.

Identifying cost-saving opportunities for surgical care via multicenter time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) analysis as exemplarily shown for cholecystectomy

Background: This study applied time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) to accurately assess costs and to demonstrate how it is possible to estimate cost-saving opportunities by exploring the results achieved with the method.

Investigation of Isotoxic Dose Escalation and Plan Quality with TDABC Analysis on a 0.35 T MR-Linac (MRL) System in Ablative 5-Fraction Stereotactic Magnetic Resonance-Guided Radiation Therapy (MRgRT) for Primary Pancreatic Cancer.

This study investigates plan quality generated by an MR-Linac (MRL) treatment planning system (TPS) for 5-fraction stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) of primary pancreatic cancer (PCa). In addition, an isotoxic dose escalation was investigated with the MRL TPS based on stereotactic MR-guided adaptive radiation therapy (SMART) trial constraints. A clinical workflow was developed for adaptive and non-adaptive treatments with the MRL, on which a time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) analysis was performed to quantify clinical efficacy. Fifteen PCa patients previously treated with a conventional Linac were retrospectively re-planned for this study. Three plans were generated for each patient using the original prescription dose (PD) and organ at risk (OAR) constraints (Plan 1), following SMART trial’s OAR constraints but with the original PD (Plan 2), starting with Plan 2, following an isotoxic dose escalation strategy where the dose was escalated until any one of the SMART trial’s OAR constraints reached its limit (Plan 3). Conformity index (CI) and the ratio of the 50% isodose volume to PTV (R50%) conformity metrics were calculated for all 45 MRL plans, in addition to standard dose-volume indices. Forty-five MRL plans were created which met their respective dosimetric criteria described above. For Plan 1, the MRL TPS successfully achieved equivalent or lower OAR doses while maintaining the prescribed PTV coverage for the 15 plans. A maximum dose to the small bowel was reduced on average by 4.97 Gy (range: 1.11–10.58 Gy). For Plan 2, the MRL TPS successfully met all SMART trial OAR constraints while maintaining equivalent PTV coverage. For Plan 3, the MRL TPS was able to escalate the prescription dose from the original 25–33 Gy by, on average, 36 Gy (range: 15–70 Gy), and dose to the PTV was successfully escalated to at least 50 Gy for all 15 plans. These achievements were made possible, in part, due to the omission of the ITV afforded by the MRL’s real-time target tracking technology and sharper dose penumbra due to its unique dual-focus MLC design. The 0.35T MRL TPS can generate plans that are equivalent to conventional Linac-based plans for SBRT of PCa. Through analyzing Plan 2 and 3 strategies, and due to the real-time target localization capabilities of the MRL system, increased OAR sparing and/or target dose escalation are possible.

Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing in Preoperative Tasks for Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty.

Substantial work in the preoperative phase of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is unaccounted for in current Relative Value Scale Update Committee methodology. A Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC) analysis allows for an accurate assessment of the preoperative costs associated with total joint replacement surgery. The mean time that clinical staff members spent on preoperative tasks per patient was multiplied by the hourly salary. Clinical staff members included orthopedic surgeons, nurse practitioners or physician assistants, nurses, medical assistants, and surgical coordinators. Mean time spent on preoperative tasks was obtained from the most recent literature. Salaries were obtained from the nationwide database provided by Glassdoor Inc. Total time spent among clinical staff involved in preoperative tasks for each arthroplasty patient was 8.45hours (2.96-13.94). Total TDABC was calculated to be $348.17 (132.46-562.64). Accounting for preoperative tasks, the TDABC for TKA/THA increases from $13321.5 to $13669.67. Preoperative tasks are composed of 2.6% of total TKA/THA TDABC. In 2020, an estimated $544,189,710 of preoperative TKA/THA work was completed. Surgeons, providers, and ancillary staff involved in THA/TKA spend a cumulative preoperative work time of approximately 8.5hours per patient, which equates to $348.17 that is currently unaccounted for in Relative Value Scale Update Committee methodology.

External Fixation Characteristics Drive Cost of Care for High-Energy Tibial Plateau Fractures.

To determine the total cost for a 30-day episode of care for high-energy tibial plateau fractures and the aspects of care associated with total cost. Time-driven activity-based costing analysis. One Level 1 adult trauma center. One hundred twenty-one patients with isolated, bicondylar tibial plateau fractures undergoing staged treatment were reviewed. Total cost. A total of 85 patients were included and most sustained Schatzker VI fractures (n = 66, 77%). All patients were treated with biplanar external fixation before definitive fixation. A total of 26 patients (31%) were discharged to skilled nursing facilities, and 37 patients (43%) were not discharged between procedures. Total cost for a 30-day episode of care was $22,113 ± 4056. External fixation components ($5952, 26.9%), length of hospital stay ($5606, 25.4%), discharge to skilled nursing facility (SNF) ($3061, 13.8%), and definitive fixation implants ($2968, 13.4%) contributed to the total cost. The following were associated with total cost: patient discharged to SNFs (P < 0.001), patient remaining inpatient after external fixation (P < 0.001), days of admission for open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) (P = 0.005), days spent with external fixation (P < 0.001), days in a SNF after ORIF (P < 0.001), and external fixation component cost (P < 0.001). External fixation component selection is the largest contributor to cost of a 30-day episode of care for high-energy bicondylar tibial plateau fractures. Reduction in cost variability may be possible through thoughtful use of external fixation components and care pathways. Economic analyses Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

A Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing Analysis of Simultaneous Versus Staged Bilateral Total Hip Arthroplasty and Total Knee Arthroplasty

Although studies have compared the claims costs of simultaneous and staged bilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA), whether a simultaneous procedure is cost-effective to the facility remains unknown. This study aimed to compare facility costs and perioperative outcomes of simultaneous vs staged bilateral THA and TKA. We reviewed a consecutive series of 560 bilateral THA (170 staged and 220 simultaneous) and 777 bilateral TKA (163 staged and 451 simultaneous). Itemized facility costs were calculated using time-driven activity-based costing. Ninety-day outcomes were compared. Margin was standardized to unadjusted Medicare Diagnosis Related Group payments (simultaneous, $18,523; staged, $22,386). Multivariate regression was used to determine the independent association between costs/clinical outcomes and treatment strategy (staged vs simultaneous). Simultaneous bilateral patients had significantly lower personnel, supply, and total facility costs compared with staged patients with no difference in 90-day complications between the groups. Multivariate analyses showed that overall facility costs were $1,210 lower in simultaneous bilateral THA (P < .001) and $704 lower in TKA (P < .001). Despite lower costs, margin for the facility was lower in the simultaneous group ($6,569 vs $9,225 for THA; $6,718 vs $10,067 for TKA; P < .001). Simultaneous bilateral TKA and THA had lower facility costs than staged procedures because of savings associated with a single hospitalization. With the increased Medicare reimbursement for 2 unilateral procedures, however, margin was higher for staged procedures. In the era of value-based care, policymakers should not penalize facilities for performing cost-effective simultaneous bilateral arthroplasty in appropriately selected patients.

The implementation of a standardized optimal procedure for peripheral venous catheters' management: Results from a multi-dimensional assessment.

Peripheral Venous Catheter (PVC) is a widely used device in the hospital setting and is often associated with significant adverse events that may impair treatment administration and patient health. The aim of the present study is to define the incremental benefits related to the implementation and the standardized and simultaneous use of three disposable devices for skin antisepsis, infusion, and cleaning, assuming the hospital's point of view, from an effectiveness, efficiency, and organizational perspective. For the achievement of the above objective, real-life data were collected by means of an observational prospective study, involving two hospitals in the Liguria Region (Northern Italy). Consecutive cases were enrolled and placed into two different scenarios: 1) use of all the three disposable devices, thus representing the scenario related to the implementation of a standardized optimal procedure (Scenario 1); 2) use of only one or two disposable devices, representing the scenario related to not being in a standardized optimal procedure (Scenario 2). For the definition of effectiveness indicators, the reason for PVC removal and the PVC-related adverse events occurrence were collected for each patient enrolled. In addition, an activity-based costing analysis grounded on a process-mapping technique was conducted to define the overall economic absorption sustained by hospitals when taking in charge patients requiring a PVC. Among the 380 patients enrolled in the study, 18% were treated with the standardized optimal procedure (Scenario 1). The two Scenarios differed in terms of number of patients for whom the PCV was removed due to the end of therapy (86.8% versus 39.40%, p-value = 0.000), with a consequent decrease in the adverse events occurrence rate. The economic evaluation demonstrated the sustainability and feasibility of implementing the standardized optimal procedure specifically related to the need for lower economic resources for the hospital management of adverse events occurred (€19.60 versus €21.71, p-value = 0.0019). An organizational advantage also emerged concerning an overall lower time to execute all the PVC-related activities (4.39 versus 5.72 minutes, p-value = 0.00). Results demonstrate the feasibility in the adoption of the standardized optimal procedure for PVC management, with significant advantages not only from a clinical point of view, but also from an organizational and economic perspective, thus being able to increase the overall operational efficiency of the hospitals.

Micro-Level Public Entities’ Efficiency Reporting Using Combined Adaptation of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) and Free Disposable Hull (FDH) Analysis

Micro-Level Public Entities’ Efficiency Reporting Using Combined Adaptation of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) and Free Disposable Hull (FDH) Analysis

Cost analysis of a coaching intervention to increase use of transradial percutaneous coronary intervention

BackgroundThe transradial approach (TRA) to cardiac catheterization is safer than the traditional transfemoral approach (TFA), with similar clinical effectiveness. However, adoption of TRA remains low, representing less than 50% of catheterization procedures in 2015. Peer coaching is one approach to facilitate implementation; however, the costs of this strategy for cardiac procedures such as TRA are unclear.MethodsWe conducted an activity-based costing analysis (ABC) of a multi-center, hybrid type III implementation trial of a coaching intervention designed to increase the use of TRA. We identified the key activities of the intervention and determined the personnel, resources, and time needed to complete each activity. The personnel cost per hour and the activity duration were then used to estimate the cost of each activity and the total variable cost of the implementation. Fixed costs related to designing and running the implementation were calculated separately. All costs are reported in 2019 constant US dollars.ResultsThe total cost of the coaching intervention implementation was $374,863. Of the total cost, $367,752 were variable costs due to travel, preparatory work, in-person coaching, post-intervention evaluation, and administrative time. We estimated fixed costs of $7112. The mean marginal cost of implementing the intervention at only one additional medical center was $52,536.ConclusionsWe provide granular cost estimates of a conceptually rooted implementation strategy designed to increase the uptake of TRA for cardiac catheterization. We estimate that implementation costs stemming from the coaching approach would be offset after the conversion of approximately 409 to 1363 catheterizations from TFA to TRA. Our estimates provide benchmarks of the expected costs of implementing evidence-based, but expertise-intensive, cardiac procedures.Trial registrationISRCTN, ISRCTN66341299. Registered 7 July 2020—retrospectively registered

Mobile Device NDF(No Defect Found) Cost Estimation

NDF (No Defect Found) is a phenomenon in which defects have been found in the manufacturing, operation and use of a product or facility, but phenomenon of defects is not reproduced in the subsequent investigation system or the cause of the defects cannot be identified. Recently, with the development of the fourth industrial revolution, convergence of hardware and software technologies in various fields is spreading to products such as aircraft, home appliances, and mobile devices, and the number of parts is increasing due to functional convergence. The application of such convergence technologies and the increase in the number of parts are major factors that lead to an increase in NDF phenomena. NDF phenomena have a significant negative impact on cost, reliability, and reliability for both manufacturers, service providers and operators. On the other hand, due to the nature of NDF phenomena such as difficult and intermittent cause identification and ambiguity in judgment, it is common to underestimate the cost of NDF or fail to take appropriate countermeasures in corporate management. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a methodology for estimating NDF costs by the PAF model which is a quality cost analysis model and ABC (Activity Based Costing) technique. The methodology of this study suggests a detailed procedure and the concept to accurately estimate the NDF costs, using ABC analysis, accounting system information, and IT system data. In addition case studies have validated the methodology. We think this could be a valid methodology to refer to when estimating the cost of other parts. And, it is meaningful to provide important judgment information in the decision-making process based on quality management and ultimately reduce NDF costs by visualizing them separately by major variable factors.

An Analysis of Cost Improvement Schemes for Electromagnetic Safety-Related Activities During Railway Project Implementation

In railway system construction, maintaining a reasonable cost of the system implementation has always been difficult without a well-defined strategy. This article describes the application of a switching algorithm to accommodate a reduction in cost drivers when performing a preinstallation electromagnetic compatibility measurement to identify interference from external environments along the railway alignment. The verification was exercised using measurement evidence through activity-based costing (ABC) analysis more accurately to reflect the budget against the traditional volume-based costing (VBC) method. The results were demonstrated through the total costs following the ABC and VBC breakdowns of the practical data, as well as the optimum number of test volumes for the opportunity of gaining high profit margins through the break-even analysis. By implementing the switch unit, an additional decrease in operation costs is achievable. The maximum total reduction is recorded at 28.55%, thus providing credibility to the proposed scheme. The outcomes can provide railway industries with financial benefits and are a useful reference for cost-effective on-site activities in dealing with safety impacts from external electromagnetic environments.