Activities Of Mining Enterprises Research Articles

The usege of artificial intelligence in the activities of mining enterprises

The achievements of Industry 4.0 are penetrating more and more widely and deeply into various spheres of economic activity. The article discusses the directions of using artificial intelligence (AI) in solving the problems of development in mining enterprises. Methods of achieving results in various directions using AI have been determined. Based on the characteristics of neural networks formation components, the model of the integration of neural networks into the information system of the mining enterprise as well as the main components of this model, their connection and dependencies are determined. The architecture of the proposed information system is described, which consists of four zones: the corporate zone, the operational zone, the control zone, and the intermediate zone. It was hightnlined that the functioning of the operating system of this model depends on the sensors that are installed on the mining equipments in the operational area of the enterprise. It is noted that the number of such sensors depends on the amount of data accumulated because of the activity of the enterprise’s equipment and the efficiency of the construction and functioning of neural networks. The factors that determine the effectiveness of the model and the precision of neural networks in the activity of mining enterprises are substantiated. It was established that the main criterion is the amount of information needed to analyze the object’s behavior and the possibility of predicting it in the future. The dependence of the effectiveness of the application of AI technologies on the level of digitization of the enterprise was considered, and it was also proposed to determine the indicators of the accuracy and efficiency of the functioning of neural networks in the information systems of the enterprise.

Forecast of environmental response to mining in the KMA basin

The relevance of the research is due to the importance of the mining industry in the country’s economy. In addition to the fact that the Kursk magnetic anomaly is a powerful iron ore basin, it is also one of the largest in the world in terms of iron ore reserves. It plays an important economic and strategic role for the country in terms of the resource base for the development of the primary (mining industry; development of mine deposits) and secondary (manufacturing industry; industrial and civil construction) sectors of the economy. At the same time, one needs to take into account the level of environmental pollution associated with the activities of mining enterprises and the risks of a negative impact on the state and health of the population directly residing in the region. The purpose of the research is to assess the expected reaction of the natural environment to the direct or indirect impact of the planned activity, to solve the problems of rational nature management in accordance with the expected state of the natural environment. Research method. The predictive design assessment of the environmental impact was determined as the total of the forecast baseline assessment and the impact assessment of the planned activity. Results. The authors made a number of calculations, including the impact of the mining enterprise on the air environment around the deposit; the main pollutants in comparison with MPC in the basin of the Kursk magnetic anomaly (KMA); the impact of the enterprise’s activities on the water environment in the KMA basin; the volume of waste from vehicles and quarry equipment in the KMA basin. Conclusions. The obtained data testify to significant changes in the state of the natural environment in the region of activity of subsoil use enterprises using the example of the KMA basin.

УРОВНИ ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНЫХ РИСКОВ ЗДОРОВЬЮ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ГОРНОРУДНОЙ ТЕРРИТОРИИ ВОСТОЧНОГО ЗАБАЙКАЛЬЯ

The formation of geochemical anomalies in Zabaikalsky Krai is associated with the activities of mining enterprises. Over a long period of mining operations in Eastern Zabaikalsky Krai, a significant number of objects of accumulated environmental risk have formed, many of which are located in the vicinity of settlements. Mining wastes pose a potential hazard to the soil, underground and surface water sources, and atmospheric air pollution by a wide range of chemical elements. Arsenic, lead, zinc, cadmium, bismuth and tin are the most common chemical elements exceeding hygienic standards. As a result of a study of the water quality of surface water bodies, drinking water of centralized and non-centralized water supply systems, and the state of the soil cover in the territory of Klichka settlement (Priargunsky District), it was established that in the water of noncentralized and centralized drinking water supply sources the excess of hygienic standards for arsenic and chromium was 2.0 – 5.8 TLV and 1.2 TLV, respectively. The maximum excess of the normative values for arsenic, lead, cadmium and zinc was detected in technosol, which are 200.5, 47.2, 14.0 and 5.5 times, respectively. An assessment of children’s health risk from chemical pollution of drinking water shows that the coefficient of non-carcinogenic hazard for most of the studied chemicals does not exceed the allowable value (HQ = 1.0) the exception is the hazard ratio associated with exposure to arsenic (HQ = 2.50). When calculating the total hazard index for the simultaneous ingestion of chemicals, it was found that for the child population the HQ was 4.12, with arsenic making the greatest contribution to the value of the index. The results obtained indicate the need for further study of environmental factors and in-depth biomedical research.

Построение мультипликативной модели расчета объема производства готовой продукции горнодобывающего предприятия

The article is devoted to the issues of planning and budgeting of mining enterprises. External conditions (mining and geological, mining engineering, weather) have a significant impact on the volume of production of finished products and the amount of conditionally variable expenses of a mining enterprise. A different combination of these conditions during a calendar year leads to a change in the volume of production of finished products per unit of time, which creates uncertainty and complicates the planning and budgeting process. The paper proposes a method for calculating the planned volume of production of finished products, taking into account various external conditions, the limitations (limits) that should be taken into account when calculating the volume of production are disclosed. The methodology is developed taking into account the peculiarities of the technological process of production of finished products (fractional crushed stone) of a mining enterprise. Methodological tools of the research: analysis of statistical data on the industry and individual mining enterprises, analysis of the practical activities of mining enterprises. The factors that have a significant impact on the volume of production of finished products in the mining industry are considered. A three-factor multiplicative model is constructed that allows taking into account the influence of mining, geological, mining and weather conditions on the volume of production of finished products of a mining enterprise.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ КОМПЛЕКСНОЙ И ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИ БЕЗОПАСНОЙ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ПРИРОДНОГО И ТЕХНОГЕННОГО МИНЕРАЛЬНОГО СЫРЬЯ (ПЛАКСИНСКИЕ ЧТЕНИЯ – 2021): Обзор

In Vladikavkaz (Republic of North Ossetia-Alania) in the period from October 04 – 08, 2021, the Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Problems of Mineral Enrichment, the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Institute of Problems of Integrated Development of Mineral Resources named after Academician N.V. Melnikova of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (IPCON RAS), the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education “North Caucasus Mining and Metallurgical Institute (State Technological University (SKGMI (GTU)” held an international conference “Problems of complex and environmentally safe processing of natural and man-made mineral raw materials” (Plaksin Readings – 2021). Plaksin Readings-2021 were attended by 150 representatives from 51 organizations, including 15 academic and 11 industry institutes, 9 large mining and metallurgical companies. The reports were made by scientists from Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Mongolia. Plenary reports were presented by leading scientists in the field of mineral processing: Chanturia V.A., Shadrunova I.V. (Institute of Problems of Integrated Development of Mineral Resources named after Academician N.V. Melnikova RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation); Innovative processes of deep and environmentally safe processing of technogenic raw materials in the context of new economic challenges); DmitrakYu.V. (North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University), Vladikavkaz, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Russian Federation) “The main directions of scientific activity of SCGMI (GTU) in the study and solution of the problem of complex and environmentally safe processing of natural and technogenic mineral raw materials”; Kurkov A.V., Anufrieva S.I., Temnov A.V. (N.M. Fedorovsky All-Russian Research Institute of Mineral Raw Materials of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation) “Prospects for the development and implementation of integrated technologies for processing Subsurface Use waste”; Semyachkov A.I., Pochechun V.A. (Ural State Mining University, Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation) “Methodological foundations for assessing the impact of mining complexes on the environment”; Alborov I.D., Tedeeva F.G. (North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University), Vladikavkaz, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Russian Federation) “Environmental aspects of the conservation of technogenic deposits of non-ferrous metals in the North Caucasus”; Masloboev V.A., Makarov D.V., Klyuchnikova E.M. (Institute of Industrial Ecology Problems of the North, FITC KNC RAS, Apatity, Russian Federation) “Sustainable development of the mining complex of the Murmansk region: minimizing technogenic impacts on the environment”; Ustinov I.D. (NPK “Mechanobr-Technika”, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation) “Geometallurgy as the basis of complex processing of mineral raw materials”; Ozhogina E.G., Kotova O.B. (FSBI “All-Russian Research Institute of Mineral Raw Materials named after N.M. Fedorovsky”, Moscow, Russian Federation, FSBI Institute of Geology named after Academician N.P. Yushkin FIT Komi NCUrO RAS, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation) “Technological mineralogy in solving the problem of complex processing of mineral raw materials”. According to the results of the Conference, the importance of the presented results of fundamental and applied research, the high scientific level of reports was noted. The Conference participants agreed that experimental results, scientific developments, and proposed technologies are of undoubted interest and will be in demand in the real sector of the economy. The Conference decided the expediency of supporting the promotion of the initiative to form a state program for the ecological rehabilitation of the land fund and water resources of North Ossetia from the damage caused earlier by the activities of mining enterprises. To provide high-tech industries of Russia with strategic metals (resources) based on complex and environmentally safe processing of natural and manmade mineral raw materials, it is recognized necessary to concentrate the research of leading organizations in the field of mineral processing on the justification and development of innovative processes for extracting valuable components from natural and man-made raw materials.

НАПРЯМИ ФІНАНСОВОГО ВІДТВОРЕННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО КАПІТАЛУ В ГІРНИЧОДОБУВНІЙ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ

Анотація. Формування багатовекторної ринкової економіки в Україні, успішна реалізація всіх реформ у цьому напрямі та підвищення добробуту громадян не можливі без ефективної реалізації фінансових складових комплексного відтворення соціального капіталу, насамперед у гірничодобувній промисловості. Проте нестабільна соціально-економічна і політична ситуація у країні істотно загальмувала реалізацію реформ у вищевказаній галузі, що негативно позначилося на її окремих показниках. Ситуація дестабілізує і гальмує соціально-економічний розвиток усіх суб’єктів гірничодобувної промисловості. Тому актуальним питанням на сучасному етапі розвитку цієї галузі є визначення єдиних дієвих засад щодо комплексного відтворення ресурсного потенціалу всіх її суб’єктів господарювання. Предметом дослідження є сукупність методологічних, методичних і практичних напрямів фінансування комплексного відтворення соціального капіталу в гірничодобувній промисловості. Водночас її мета полягає у формуванні та характеристиці напрямів фінансового відтворення соціального капіталу в гірничодобувній промисловості і розробленні заходів їхньої ефективної реалізації. Окрім цього, результати дослідження відображають соціально-економічну сутність категорії «соціальний капітал у гірничодобувній промисловості». Вона трактується як сукупність психологічних, фізіологічних, моральних, етичних, економічних та інших особистих якостей і можливостей кожного працівника гірничодобувної промисловості, які є їхнім основним ресурсом і перевагою в порівнянні з іншими людьми, у процесі їхньої адаптації та ефективної реалізації в певному соціумі (соціальному середовищу) на макро- і мікрорівні. Також установлено, що сфера застосування напрямів фінансового відтворення соціального капіталу в гірничодобувній промисловості і їх поліпшення охоплює окремі рекреаційні напрями з матеріального, морального (психологічного) і соціально-побутового забезпечення працівників цієї галузі. Наукова новизна отриманих результатів полягає у виявленні, обґрунтуванні та аналізі схеми формування напрямів фінансування відтворення соціального капіталу в гірничодобувній промисловості. Також її невід’ємною частиною є характеристика ставлення різних соціально-вікових, статевих і професійних груп населення до фінансування відтворення соціального капіталу в гірничодобувній промисловості окремих регіонів України. Актуальність цього дослідження підтверджує також трансформація соціально-економічних відносин у всіх сферах громадської діяльності держави в контексті його глобалізації. Отримані результати дослідження дозволяють зробити висновки, що вони є основою для вивчення і практичного розв’язання проблеми комплексного відтворення соціального капіталу в гірничодобувній промисловості. Цей підхід передбачає, передусім, формування високого матеріального, соціально-побутового і морального (психологічного) стимулювання фахівців цієї галузі і підвищення їхньої трудової мотивації та якості результатів праці, а також фінансово-господарської діяльності гірничодобувних підприємств. Ключові слова: соціальний капітал, гірничодобувна промисловість, працівник, фінансова складова, матеріальне стимулювання, моральне стимулювання. Формул: 0; рис.: 2; табл.: 4; бібл.: 10.

Environmental and economic aspects of the exploitation of roads by the mining industry

The article is devoted to the development of the organizational and economic mechanism for the exploitation of roads by the mining industry. We support the statement that transport infrastructure is one of the most important components of any industry in the country’s economy, including for the functioning of the mining industry. It connects multiple areas of the industry into a single whole. The requirements that must be considered when developing territories are given. The main requirement is to ensure weight control during freight transportation. It is considered that the greening of the processes of the device and road exploitation, which are used, including in the activities of mining enterprises, should ensure and keep the principles and conditions of environmental safety.

Management of the investment activities of the mining industry

The paper studies the main directions of investment activities of mining enterprises within the framework of the industrial development program. The principles of investment activities of mining enterprises have been substantiated, which are correlated with the priorities of socioeconomic development and tools for stimulating investment in the mining industry. At each level of approach to investment activity management of mining enterprises, there is a link between the enterprise and the external environment to assess the investment attractiveness of investment objects and their competitive advantages. Competitive advantages have been revealed, which are largely determined by the direction of investment activities of mining enterprises as a result of direct investment, on the one hand, and the role of investment activities in increasing the competitive advantages of the mining industry. Taking into account the risk-forming factors of the macro – and micro environment of the mining industry, the foundations of the investment processes development have been substantiated when choosing financing instruments, which provides the optimal ratio of return and investment risk for all stakeholders.

Factors of Investment Attractiveness of Mining Industries: Methodology Identification and Assessment

In this study, we consider the highly relevant and, to a large extent, the debatable problem of the investment attractiveness of the subsoil use sphere and, above all, the investment attractiveness of mining enterprises. At the same time, attention is drawn to the fact that the development of mineral resources, unlike any other type of production activity, has its own specifics. It consists primarily in the fact that, along with such factors of production as capital and labor, which constitute the material basis of all production, the most important factor of production inherent in subsoil use is the subsoil itself. And it is their qualitative condition that determines to a large extent the results of the economic activity of mining enterprises. It is clear that without a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the role of the natural factor in the production process, as well as other objective and subjective factors, it is practically impossible to create a reliable theoretical basis for the development of practical measures, the implementation of which could significantly improve the investment attractiveness of extractive activities. Particular attention is paid to the methodology and methods for identifying and differentiating by specific signs specific barrier and restrictive factors that are considered in the investment process in the form of an unsystematic component of investment risk. It is shown that the results of a study of the nature of the influence of industry-specific factors on investment attractiveness are the basis for the development of specific measures to eliminate or minimize barriers to investment.

Ecological and economic assessment of investment activities of mining enterprises

The article deals with the problematic issues and features of further development of iron ore deposits at great depths (over 400 m). The necessity of wide application of innovative competitive technologies for ore mining by open method and an increase in the efficiency of mineral processing in the conditions of modern trends of sustainable development is substantiated. To solve this problem, a systematic approach is applied based on the consideration of all technological processes, taking into account the impact of mining operations on the environment as a single organizational and technological complex. It is proposed to use the Neumann-Gale model as an economic and mathematical model for assessing the investment activity of mining enterprises, which takes into account the influence of the environmental factor on the efficiency of their functioning. Approbation of the model was performed at the PJSC “Southern Mining Factory” as an example of production and economic activity. The priority measures are presented for the implementation of ecologically balanced strategies in terms of environmental protection for sustainable development at modern mining enterprises in difficult economic conditions and uncertainty of price characteristics in the markets of iron ore raw materials.