Activity Of Industrial Enterprises Research Articles

SOVIET CITY IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRIAL CORPORATISM

The paper analyses the features of everyday life of a Soviet city in the context of factory corporatism (departmentalism). Industrial corporatism covered various aspects of the Soviet way of life in cities. The subject of study is the city of Gorky, one of the largest industrial centres of the USSR. Factories played one of the central roles in the urban development of the territory. Social policy was the most important activity of Soviet industrial enterprises. Corporatism was part of the cultural and leisure sphere of the Soviet city.

Directions for the development of information and methodological support for industrial complex enterprises based on the uniform digital platform of the RF «Gostech»

The article presents the directions for the development of information and methodological support (IMS) for the activities of industrial enterprises on the basis of the unified digital platform "RosTech", which are of particular importance in the organization of innovative activities at the present stage, carried out in conditions of geoplastic instability and the influence of economic sanctions against Russia from unfriendly states. The article reflects that the GosTech platform is intended for the implementation of processes of the full life cycle of industrial activities of industrial enterprises, according to the developed methodology, features of the organization of technological processes, the use of digital services and platform products that ensure the formation and operation of platform information systems, for the purpose of methodological support of production activities of enterprises. The article substantiates that the essence of IMO in the activities of industrial enterprises, based on the GosTech platform, is represented by the formation and use of innovative technologies, digital services, business models of production, taking into account artificial intelligence objects available at enterprises. Also, IMO, lies in the development of individual competencies of enterprise employees, the implementation of new opportunities for implementing innovative activities in the production processes of the enterprise, increasing operating efficiency and competitiveness. The article reflects that the GosTech platform creates conditions for designing the architecture of the production technologies used, developing the operation of the information systems used, by providing instrumental services for automated software development, monitoring its quality, monitoring operating parameters, and ensuring the information security of the information systems used. The work presents that the main goal of creating IMO on the GosTech platform is: reducing the production time of industrial products, increasing the efficiency of processes for the development of information systems used in the enterprise, moving to a new level of their compatibility, ergonomics, security and reliability. As a result of the use of IMO based on the GosTech digital platform, the innovative activity of enterprises and the degree of interaction with government agencies and institutional entities increases. The effectiveness of IMO management decisions in the innovative activities of industrial enterprises is determined by the effectiveness of managing the services and artificial intelligence objects used, which are the main tools for ensuring innovative activities. Thus, IMO management decisions in innovation activities contribute to the formation of new innovative products and technologies.

ДЛИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ПРОСТОЙ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА. ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЕ СЕРИЙНОГО КАПИТАЛЬНОГО РЕМОНТА АВИАЦИОННЫХ СИЛОВЫХ УСТАНОВОК

The study objective is to determine the problems and optimal ways to recover the activities of industrial enterprises with long-term production downtime on the example of aviation plants performing the manufacture or mass overhaul of aircraft power plants (gas turbine engines, helicopter gearboxes, aggregates, modules, systems). The task presented in this paper is to develop proposals that should be used in the early recovery of production facilities in the new territories of the Russian Federation and its border zones. The paper briefly reveals the problems of restoring mass overhaul of aviation equipment as a typical example of a narrow-profile industrial activity, where bringing idle production in line with the requirements of Russian legislation has its own problems and industry features. The analysis of the factors of occurring, deepening and consequences of prolonged downtime of industrial enterprises presented in the study and methods for their accelerated recovery from the crisis require the development of an appropriate regulatory basis that takes into account the problems of the activities of management companies and ministries in non-standard conditions of the development of Russian industry. The novelty of the research work consists in the analysis of problems, trends and proposed methods for accelerated restoration of efficient industrial enterprises significant to the state with prolonged production downtime and non-compliance of their production and permits with the requirements of Russian legislation. This paper presents the results of research on the development of crisis situations in idle enterprises and ways to get out of them as soon as possible, taking into account compliance with legal norms and requirements of relevant industry regulatory documents. The conclusions in the paper are based on the practice of mass enterprises and contain optimal ways to accelerate their output to the required level. For this purpose, two models of a unified state policy have been developed in relation to enterprises significant to the state, whose activities previously did not comply with Russian legislation.

Повышение инновационной активности российских промышленных предприятий в условиях цифровой трансформации

The article emphasizes the importance of innovative activity growth in Russian industrial enterprises in the context of digital transformation. The purpose of the study is to analyze the main problems of industrial enterprise development in modern conditions and identify promising areas for innovative activity growth in industrial enterprises. The main methods of conducting the research were the methods of analysis, comparison, statistical methods, tabular methods, decision-making, logical reasoning, etc. The main problems of the development of Russian industrial enterprises in the context of geopolitical turbulence are studied. The authors emphasize the importance of innovation activity in industrial enterprises as the main condition for their growth and development. The analysis of the level of innovative activity of enterprises in the federal entities of the Russian Federation was carried out, which made it possible to obtain precise data on the participation of enterprises in innovative developments by region. The assessment of the share of innovative goods, services, and works in the total volume of production was carried out. The essence and directions of digitalization in industry are defined. The indicators of digital technologies’ use in various industrial enterprises (medium and large) are given, depending on the size and number of employees. The main innovative technologies used in the Russian market were studied. The foreign experience in the field of innovation in the context of digital transformation is analyzed. Promising directions were developed to increase the innovative activity of Russian industrial enterprises in digital transformation, which is aimed at creating favorable conditions for the development and growth of economic entities. The authors of the article emphasize the complexity of the approach for the solution of innovative activity growth in industrial enterprises, which comprises combining joint efforts by the heads of the organization, representatives of regional authorities, and the state.

INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY OF PAVLODAR REGION: FORECASTING AND PRIORITIES

At the present stage, the country as a whole and in the regions have created the necessary basic conditions for building an innovation-oriented management system for the industrial sector, including corporate foundations, personnel training, and the implementation of state programs in the field of industrial and innovative development. At the meso-levels, work has been carried out on the formation of an infrastructure for the innovative development of the industrial sector. At the micro-levels, as part of the transition of industrial enterprises to innovative management systems, projects are being implemented to introduce international management systems, digitalize production processes, and create innovative organizational and management structures. The practical application of the model of innovative management of the industrial sector of the Pavlodar region in the conditions of digitalization should ensure, along with the economic effect, qualitative trends in transformational changes in the results of the activities of industrial enterprises in the region. To directly determine qualitative trends in transformational changes in the results of industrial enterprises, appropriate criteria must be identified. The article discusses innovative management, which is an essential element of the entire management system of any organization and is based on human potential. The main target of innovative management is focused on the effective achievement of the goals of the organization’s activities through qualitative changes in all elements and subsystems of management using innovations and innovations. The main result of innovative management is the growth of competitiveness of organizations, both in domestic and foreign markets. Keywords: forecast, innovation management, industry, management, digitalization.

Особенности учета требований экологической безопасности промышленными предприятиями в инновационной деятельности

This article notes that in modern conditions, the increase in the frequency of natural anomalies is directly related to the rapidly developing industry. The need to take into account the environmental component when implementing innovative projects. Managers should pay close attention to environmental safety in the innovative activities of industrial enterprises. When managing the implementation of innovative projects, it is also necessary to control environmental factors, taking into account the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation to reduce the harmful effects of activities on the environment. It is noted that ensuring environmental safety of the environment is not only an important aspect of the development of favorable conditions for the life of society, but also a necessary measure for the successful development of the country's economy.

The Importance of Investments in Scientific Research in the Innovative Activity of Industrial Enterprises

In the article, the importance of investments in scientific research in the implementation of digital transformation and automation in industrial enterprises is studied on the example of developed countries, such as USA, theoretical and practical proposals are made for directing investments in scientific research in digitization and automation of industrial enterprises of Uzbekistan. The innovative activity of industrial enterprises should be such that it creates innovations in all processes: from research and development to production, from production to management, from sales to delivery to consumers, to study of the post-consumer situation, introduction of new digital and automated technologies, management system evaluation of activities, improvement of the functionality of products and technologies, reduction of costs and increase of efficiency, organization and production of marketing and advertising activities, with coverage of consumers, convenient delivery to customers, packaging, clarification of product description and rules of use of the product, as well as benefits or advantages obtained as a result processes should be covered. In addition, having a certain share of the main products in the total volume of production, it is possible to create business models with the aim of achieving a large amount of income from the main products due to the increase in the volume of sales with new technologies of production. The use of investment funds by industrial enterprises in the direction of scientific research in their innovative activities has a great effect.

INFORMATION SUPPORT IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGIES

The information support in environmental protection technologies includes forecasting and information analysis. The informational component is a necessary tool for assessing the level of environmental impact of the activities of industrial enterprises, with the aim of applying the necessary methods and means of protection. In this study, the information support for a metallurgical enterprise is considered, which is based on forecasting the level of atmospheric air pollution by gas emissions of the enterprise. The analysis of the concentration fields makes it possible to single out the areas of the city that fall into the zone of influence of pollutants depending on the direction and speed of the wind, to compare them with the maximum permissible concentration. The informational component regarding the enterprise's impact on the environment is important for the enterprise itself, from the point of view of adjusting its activities regarding environmental safety. At the same time, the information support is important for people who live directly outside the sanitary zone, but are exposed to harmful factors that spread in the environment according to the state of the atmosphere.

Стратегія покращення інноваційної діяльності підприємства на засадах сталого розвитку

The article offers the author's interpretation of the concept of "innovation activity on the basis of sustainable development". A scientific and methodological approach to the formation of a strategy for improving the innovation activity of enterprise on the basis of sustainable development has been developed and tested on the example of JSC "Ukrgasvydobuvannya", which includes the following stages: analysis of the status of innovation activity of industrial enterprises in the country, determination of the mission and goal of the strategy for improving the innovation activity of enterprise on the basis of sustainable development, selection and analysis of factors of internal and external environment that affect the efficiency of innovation activity of enterprises.

Strategic aspects of increasing efficiency of economic activity of industrial enterprises

The article is devoted to the topical issues of the domestic industry. The authors consider the category of “the efficiency of economic activity” as a target landmark in the activity of an industrial enterprise. This landmark is a combination of parameters characterizing the accumulated effect level caused by the company’s improvement of the organization of operational process. The authors study the efficiency not as a leading objective of the company’s activity but as a result of its development strategy and within the framework of the strategy. Digitalization of a company’s business process is a tool which ensures creating conditions for improving the efficiency of an industrial company’s economic activity. The article determines the significance of digitalization in the industry for improving the efficiency of the company’s activity. And major attention is focused on the peculiar features of digitalization in the sphere of industry. The authors give grounds for its role in the activity of enterprises, pointing out that digitalization contributes to improving the mechanism of its regulation as well as provides for the company’s economic effect.The purpose of the article is to study digitalization in the context of its impact on the efficiency of the economic activity of an industrial enterprise, and to consider the opportunities and challenges of digitalization of the industrial production sphere. In accordance with the purpose the authors have set the tasks connected with studying scientific categories of “the efficiency of economic activity: and “strategic development”, examining strategic issues of improving the efficiency of the activity of industrial enterprise, overviewing the peculiar features of digitalization of industrial production which determine the priorities for future development of the domestic economics.The theoretical and methodological basis of the study includes scientific achievements of the scientific school of strategizing under the Lomonosov Moscow State University as well as scientific achievements of domestic and foreign researchers regarding the issues of improving the efficiency of economic activity of enterprises. To justify the results the authors use the combination of research methods and approaches of analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, scientific abstraction.

Localization of innovative technologies of industrial production as a tool for intensification of import substitution policy

The main criterion for the successful implementation of import substitution policy is the location of domestic production on the domestic territory of the state, in order to reduce the negative economic consequences of the industrial policies of unfriendly countries, with the orientation of domestic industrial enterprises towards their own intensification of production, including the production of analogous products to imported ones, for subsequent replacement of imported technologies with domestic ones and supply of domestic products to the domestic market – production and sale of own products. Localization of production is the placement of manufacturing or component industrial production facilities on its own, separate, local territory, in order to reduce the cost of products and bring them closer to assembly sites or sales markets. The term «localization of production», in the scientific literature, is represented by a special case of territorial organization (localized enterprises in separate territories) of production processes for the creation of material wealth, which has a number of features: in the organization of production, a company with a higher level of technological development forms the “conditions of the game”, organizing the distribution of production of certain products among all participants; localization is often carried out on the territory of another state, which has a lower level of development of technology and technology and a higher demand for final products in the markets of this state; An additional benefit of localization is the optimization of process logistics, bringing it closer to consumers. The goal of localization is to reduce production, transaction and logistics costs and increase the level of investment. The article presents the author's position on the development of intensification of the processes of industrial import substitution, in modern conditions, the main idea of which is the creation of localized production, a full technological cycle in the activities of Russian industrial enterprises, representing: at the initial stage, a full line of production of components and import substitution of missing parts, to meet demand in the domestic market, and in the future, the development of processes of substitution of imported technologies, the formation and use of advanced development technologies, increasing export potential and strengthening their presence of Russian industry in world markets. The work explores the essence of localization of production, which is determined by the production of parts and components manufactured in Russia, at national production facilities, using its own technologies, in order to increase the intensity of import substitution processes.

Formation of intellectual property commercialization strategies

The object of research is the process that forms strategies and methods for effective commercialization of intellectual products at industrial enterprises. The problems of introducing intellectual property objects into the economic circulation in the field of industrial production have been analyzed. The most important of them are economic and managerial problems, which consist in the lack of necessary funding and are determined by the difficulty of assessing the market competitiveness of an intellectual product. Special attention was paid to market, technical-technological, and legal problems, the presence of which inhibits the development of the technological market and significantly affects the efficiency of intellectual and innovative activities. The presence of these problems predetermined the main goal of the study – to devise methods and strategies for the commercialization of intellectual property objects. Three basic strategies for the commercialization of intellectual products have been studied: the strategy of promoting an intellectual product, the strategy of diffusion of innovations, and the strategy of accumulating maximum income. Based on them, an integrated strategy for the commercialization of intelligent products for enterprises of the machine-building industry, which is oriented towards achieving the goals of maximizing the economic and social effect of the production of an intelligent product, was formed and substantiated. The main component of an integrated strategy is an organizational mechanism that provides investment support for innovative activities and scientific and consulting support for an intellectual product. The research results could be used to form programs of intellectual and innovative activity of industrial enterprises and would serve as a basis for further scientific research on these issues

New Indicators of Business Uncertainty in the Russian Economy

The purpose of the article is to present the main results of the study on the development of methods and testing of tools necessary for continuous monitoring of the business environment in Russia by measuring the level of its uncertainty and identifying the degree of its influence on the dynamics of economic activity based on the analysis of business tendency surveys. This methodology was tested for the first time to assess the level of uncertainty in the business environment and its impact on the digital and technological development of domestic industrial enterprises.The source of data for the study is regular sample surveys of business leaders for the period from 2009 to 2022. Two independent databases are used: quarterly surveys of business activity of organizations of various types of economic activity to build national and industry indicators of uncertainty in the business environment and annual pilot surveys of digital activity of industrial enterprises to construct an indicator of uncertainty in the field of digital and technological development of industry.All calculated composite indicators were able to identify significant features of the economic situation for the Russian economy associated with shock events. When analyzing the fluctuations of the indicators under study, «spikes» are clearly detected in response to the shocks of the business tendencies in 2020 and 2022. In general, the period from 2020 to the present is characterized as a period of prolonged crisis associated with growing uncertainty in the Russian economic environment, the unprecedented scale of which was demonstrated by the constructed indicators.According to the authors, the proposed composite indicators expand the analytical capabilities of business tendency surveys data, creating the prerequisites for regular monitoring of changes in the level of uncertainty in the business environment and increasing the operational value of the information provided by companies. This allows to develop more accurate socio-economic scenario forecasts.

MANAGEMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF USING THE COMMERCIAL POTENTIAL OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of existing approaches to the economic evaluation of the effectiveness of commercial opportunities of intellectual property and industrial innovations in the production and commercial activities of industrial enterprises. The most important groups of indicators characterizing the effectiveness of commercial opportunities of intellectual property and industrial innovations are defined and substantiated. These groups include: indicators characterizing the market characteristics of intellectual property (market target indicator, market prospects (development) indicator, intellectual technology positioning indicator on the market); cost characteristics reflecting the real costs of developers and consumers of intellectual property; commercial characteristics reflecting the consumer value of the intelligent technology for potential use; patent-legal characteristics of intellectual property and industrial innovations that reflect the patent purity of the object of intellectual property, the protection of exclusive rights to it, the impossibility (or in the extreme case - significant difficulty) of copying and counterfeiting. The currently used methods of assessing the effectiveness of the use of commercial opportunities of intellectual property and industrial innovations, which are based on the ratio of results and costs, i.e. are considered in detail. on the comparison of the obtained effect and costs. The feasibility of checking the obtained values of economic efficiency, as well as the organization of strict control over the spending of funds and compliance with the planned deadlines, has been proven.

Improving the Accounting of Innovation and Investment Activity in Enterprises

This article analyzes the regional features of the factors influencing the innovative activity of industrial enterprises.

Інструменти цифрової економіки в контексті підвищення ефективності діяльності промислових підприємств

Digital transformation is becoming an integral part of the development of industrial enterprises in the modern world. The phase of transition to the digital economy is expected not only to increase the productivity and efficiency of production processes, but also to open up new opportunities for development and a competitive position in the market. The inclusion of digital instruments in the activities of industrial enterprises can greatly facilitate management, improve product quality and ensure more efficient use of resources. The aim of the article is to study and analyze the instruments of the digital economy in the context of improving the efficiency of industrial enterprises. The article analyzes the definition of «digital economy» and provides the authors’ own definition of this term. The prospects for the introduction of the digital economy in the activities of industrial enterprises are determined, among which an increase in labor productivity, an increase in product quality parameters, a decrease in costs, an increase in the level of adaptation and the level of competitiveness are allocated. The main program document for the development of Industry 4.0 in Ukraine named «Strategy 4.0» is analyzed. The main instruments of the digital economy have been identified, which should include the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, machine learning, data analytics, cloud technologies, digital platforms, and ecosystems. It is proved that the introduction of digital economy instruments in the activities of industrial enterprises creates prerequisites for optimizing production processes. The article also states that the process of introducing digital instruments into the activities of industrial enterprises creates prerequisites for certain challenges and threats, including the threat of cyberattacks, data security breaches, large investments in the transfer of knowledge and technology and, as a result, the need to upgrade production equipment to more modern, complex integration of new technologies into existing production processes. Therefore, the development of the digital economy at industrial enterprises can help increase their competitiveness and stability in the market. Ensuring that digital instruments are correctly selected, implemented, and optimized is an important task for enterprise management and staff in the era of digital transformation.

PECULIARITIES OF RELATIONSHIP MARKETING FOR SMALL INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES. FEATURES OF MARKETING MANAGEMENT OF SMALL INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF RELATIONSHIP MARKETING

The article examines the peculiarities of managing the marketing activities of small industrial enterprises. The advantages of forming a marketing management system of a small industrial enterprise based on the concept of relationship marketing are presented: ensuring business stability by strengthening long-term mutually beneficial relationships with consumers; increasing the level of consumer satisfaction; improvement of personal relations of the manager and staff with consumers; orientation of marketing management on consumer values, creation of value that is unique. The definition of the term "marketing management of a small industrial enterprise based on the concept of relationship marketing" is provided - a system of analyzing the industrial market, external and internal environment, planning, implementing and evaluating the effectiveness of marketing actions aimed at creating value with key business consumers and obtaining joint benefits in the process interaction to achieve the strategic goals of a small enterprise. Features of relationship marketing for small industrial enterprises are highlighted: the presence of repeated contacts with a limited group of business consumers; the need to regularly obtain and update information about business consumers; personal contacts with persons who make decisions on procurement; limited number of business customers, dependence on large key business customers; segmentation taking into account the profitability of business consumers; the need to ensure the mutual value of relationships; analysis of external factors that affect all participants in the relationship; the need to organize technical support for business consumers; adaptation of products to the technical requirements of business consumers; dependence on suppliers, acceptance of the risks of relationships with suppliers; comprehensiveness of sales; high role of personal relations between employees and managers of partner companies; orientation of the team on building and maintaining relationships with business consumers. The content of the elements of the relationship marketing complex in relation to small industrial enterprises is substantiated.

Методи прийняття багатоцільових рішень щодо управління транспарентністю розвитку підприємств в умовах конвергенції інвестиційних процесів

It is determined that one of the priorities in any national economy is the problem of forecasting and assessing the level of transparency of development, quality and reliability of functioning of industrial enterprises, their technological and economic subsystems. This has a direct impact on the level of investment, the nature of financing, the distribution of costs for the production of finished products with the achievement of a given quality and reliability, as well as on the financial condition and image. In addition, it has a direct proportional effect on the well-being of society and the quality of life of the population. On the other hand, investing in the real sector of the economy requires banks and other investors not only to optimize investment programs, but also to take into account the specifics of financial, production, economic and socioeconomic activities of industrial enterprises as market participants, and, accordingly, application of models that appropriately link investments with sales policies, production, management, staff, location of production facilities, taxation, etc. It is concluded that the positive level of management of transparency of development of industrial enterprises in the context of convergence of investment processes is inseparable from the processes of planning, regulation, control and forecasting of production and technological processes, as well as the allocation of resources in the process of performing certain complex tasks. Determining the optimal options for current and future development is often associated with solving large-dimensional optimization problems with a large number of different conditions and constraints (for example, requirements for the completeness of variables combined with requirements for the absence of time losses), which, due to their extreme nature, complicate the solution of such problems. Effective methods for optimizing multi-purpose investment decisions in managing the transparency of the development of industrial enterprises in the context of convergence of investment processes include methods for analyzing the usefulness of goals, criteria and alternatives, including those with several vectors; methods of hierarchy of goals, taking into account a number of advantages; information about the chosen strategy, alternatives, their parameterization, stochasticity, substitution ratios, and other characteristics. All these factors can be taken into account for the classification of models of multi-purpose and program-target solutions and the use of the most effective of them when choosing the optimal investment solution in managing the transparency of the development of industrial enterprises in the context of convergence of investment processes.

Resource and innovation policy of socio-economic development of modern Russia

Global and tectonic shifts in the world economy that have occurred in the 21st century in the world are inevitably reflected in the state of national economies. The Russian economy, over a decade of economic sanctions against it, practically of an open nature of sabotage by the United States and a number of Western countries against Russian critical infrastructure — the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline on September 26, 2022, found itself in a situation of de facto complete stop of export-import operations in the field of foreign trade activities with European countries. As a result of the start of Russia’s special military operation (SVO) in Ukraine, the logistics supply chains to the Russian Federation have radically transformed, and new supply logistics are being developed within the framework of the so-called «parallel» imports. The problems that arose with the supply of raw materials, materials and components affected the fall in the industrial production index in a number of Russian regions as of the end of 2022. However, the well-balanced and consistent economic policy of the Russian government has intensified the activities of industrial enterprises to produce products to achieve the goals of the Northern Military District, where positive production dynamics are already noted in 2023. The named factors that determine the state of the Russian economy in the near future determine the need to overcome the conservative natural resource model of economic development and transition to a resource-innovative strategy of economic growth. The purpose of the study is to study the institutional foundations for the formation of a resource-innovative model of economic growth in the modern Russian economy. The objectives of the study are interconnected and consist of the following: to analyze an array of economic scientific works on the research problem in order to demonstrate the evolution of views on the role of the natural resource factor in the development of national economies; analyze the institutional foundations for the formation of a resource-innovation model of development of the Russian economy, etc. The research methodology is a combination of general scientific research methods — analysis, synthesis of information obtained, interpretation of data. The information base for the research is presidential decrees, strategic planning documents, national projects, scientific articles by Russian researchers on the problem under study.

Energy efficiency analysis of caustic soda production process

The increase in the cost of fuel and energy resources motivates industrial enterprises to introduce new technical solutions for their effective use. At the same time, as a result of the production ac-tivities of industrial enterprises, a significant amount of waste is generated that negatively affect human health and the environment. Such enterprises include caustic soda production plants, the technology of which is associated with the formation of thermal and combustible secondary energy resources in the form of steam, condensate, process water, etc. Such types of resources may be useful to use for the production of thermal energy for the company's own needs, or heating of raw materials or material flows involved in the technological chain. The technology of caustic soda production is considered it this paper, the basic structure of production is discussed, the material balance is given, options for improving the efficiency of energy resources are proposed.