Activity Of Crude Methanolic Extract Research Articles

Antinociceptive activities of crude methanolic extract and phases, n-butanolic, chloroformic and ethyl acetate from Caulerpa racemosa (Caulerpaceae)

In this study, we attempted to identify the possible antinociceptive actions of n-butanolic phase, chloroformic phase, ethyl acetate phase and crude methanolic extract obtained from Caulerpa racemosa. This seaweed is cosmopolitan in world, mainly in tropical regions. The n-butanolic, chloroformic, ethyl acetate phases and crude methanolic extract, all administered orally in the concentration of 100 mg/kg, reduced the nociception produced by acetic acid by 47.39%, 70.51%, 76.11% and 72.24%, respectively. In the hotplate test the chloroformic and ethyl acetate phase were activite in this models. In the neurogenic phase on formalin test, were observed that crude methanolic extract (51.77%), n-butanolic phase (35.12%), chloroformic phase (32.70%) and indomethacin (32.06%) were effective in inhibit the nociceptive response. In the inflammatory phase, only the ethyl acetate phase (75.43%) and indomethacin (47.83%) inhibited significantly the nociceptive response. Based on these data, we can infer that the ethyl acetate phase shows a significant anti-inflammatory profile, whose power has not yet been determined. However, pharmacological and chemical studies are continuing in order to characterize the mechanism(s) responsible for the antinociceptive action and also to identify other active principles present in Caulerpa racemosa.

Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake

The antioxidant activities of crude methanolic extract (CME) and its fractions using ethyl acetate (EAF), hexane (HF) and water (WF) of black cumin seedcake were investigated. DPPH radical scavenging activity, β-carotene-linoleate bleaching, and inhibition of corn oil oxidation were used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity. The total phenolics were found to be 78.8, 27.8, 32.1 and 12.1 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g in EAF, CME, WF and HF, respectively. The CME and EAF exhibited the highest DPPH followed by WF and HF. The extract/fractions showed high effect on reducing the oxidation of β-carotene. The effect of extract/fractions on the oxidative stability of corn oil at 70 °C was tested in the dark and compared with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). The oil peroxide and anisidine values were generally lower with addition of PRFs in comparison to a control. The predominant phenolic compounds identified by HPLC-DAD in CME and WF of black cumin seedcake were hydroxybenzoic, syringic and p-cumaric acids.

Biocidal activity of partially purified fractions from methanolic extract of Garcinia kola (Heckel) seeds on bacterial isolates

The in vitro antibacterial activity of crude methanolic extract of the seeds of Garcinia kola was investigated. The extracts exhibited antibacterial activities with zones of inhibition ranging from 10 mm to 25 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the diethyl ether fraction was between 0.313 and 5.0 mg/ml, while that of butanol fraction varied from 0.157 to 5.0 mg/ml. The butanol fraction killed about 77% of Bacillus anthracis and 79% of Escherichia coli cells within 120 min at a concentration of 5.0 mg/ml. Protein leakage from the B. anthracis and E. coli cells when exposed to the butanol and diethyl ether fractions was observed. We conclude that Garcinia kola seed extract has a broad spectrum antibacterial activity, with the butanol and diethyl ether fractions being bactericidal as exemplified by the killing rate and protein leakage regimes, which suggest cell membrane disruption as a mechanism of action of the extract.

In Vitro cytotoxic activity of some Korean medicinal plants on human cancer cell lines: enhancement in cytotoxicity by heat processing

The goal of this study was to examine the in vitro antiproliferative activity of crude methanol extracts of three traditional Korean medicinal plants: Achyranthes fauriei, Epimedium koreanum Nakai and Scutellaria baicalensis before and after heat processing. The extracts were screened for antitumoral potential by means of an MTT assay on four human cancer cell lines: lung cancer cells (Lu1), colon cancer cells (Col2), oral epidermoid carcinomas (KB) and hormone-dependent prostate cancer cells (LNCaP). None of the extracts showed significant activity against any of the cancer cell lines. However, after treatment with steam, the processed Achyranthes fauriei extract exhibited a slight, but enhanced cytotoxic activity against all four of the cancer cell lines. The processed Scutellaria baicalensis extract exerted a potent cytotoxic activity against the Lu1 cell line in a specific manner with an IC(50) value of 14.3 microg/mL. The Epimedium koreanum extract showed no cytotoxic effects against any of the cancer cell lines with or without heat processing. These results suggest that the heat processing of medicinal plants represents a possible route to the development of antitumor agents.

Studies on anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of crude methanol extracts of Zapoteca portoricensis

Studies on anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of crude methanol extracts of Zapoteca portoricensis

Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of methanolic extracts from Ledum groenlandicum Retzius

Labrador tea ( Ledum groenlandicum Retzius) is an ericaceae widely distributed in North America. The leaves and twigs were used in Native American traditional medicine to treat several inflammatory pathologies such as asthma, rheumatisms and burns. Reactive oxygen species as well as reactive nitrogen species such as nitric oxide (NO) contribute significantly to these pathologies. In this study, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of crude methanol extracts of leaves and twigs from Ledum groenlandicum were investigated. Both extracts showed a strong antioxidant activity using the ORAC method and a cell based-assay. Moreover, the twig and leaf extracts showed significant anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting NO release, respectively, by 28 and 17% at 25 μg/ml in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In comparison, N(G)-nitro- l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, reduced NO release by 24% at 25 μg/ml. The twig extract was also found to be active against DLD-1 colon carcinoma and A-549 lung carcinoma cells, with IC 50 values of 43 ± 1 and 65 ± 8 μg/ml, respectively. The bioguided study of the twig extract resulted in the isolation and identification of ursolic acid, a known triterpene. Ursolic acid was active against DLD-1 (IC 50: 9.3 ± 0.3 μM) and A-549 (IC 50: 8.9 ± 0.2 μM), suggesting it is, in part, responsible of the anticancer activity of the twig extract.

Antigiardial activity of methanolic extracts from Helianthemum glomeratum Lag. and Rubus coriifolius Focke in suckling mice CD-1

The antigiardial activity of crude methanolic extracts from Helianthemum glomeratum and Rubus coriifolius, plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery, were demonstrated using experimental infections of Giardia lamblia in suckling female CD-1 mice. In vivo antigiardial activity was studied to determine the dose required to kill 50% of the trophozoites (ED 50). Five single-doses between 1.25 and 20 mg extract/kg body weight were tested. Drugs metronidazole and emetine were used as reference. The ED 50 (mg/kg) obtained for the extracts and drugs used as reference was 0.125 for Helianthemum glomeratum, 0.506 for Rubus coriifolius, 0.194 for metronidazole and 0.167 for emetine. Both methanolic extracts showed antigiardial activity, the extract of Helianthemum glomeratum was more active than Rubus coriifolius, and its activity is comparable to metronidazole and emetine. Our results hold the perspective for the utilization of the extracts of these plants as an option to develop of novel antigiardial phytodrugs.

Antimicrobial activity of crude methanolic extract of Satureja khuzistanica

The methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Satureja khuzistanica was investigated for its antimicrobial activity. The maximum antibacterial and antifungal activities were observed against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.

Study on anti-diabetic activities of crude methanolic extracts of Loranthus micranthus (Linn.) sourced from five different host trees

The hypoglycaemic and anti-hyperglycemic activities of dried leaves of Loranthus micranthus (Linn.) (Loranthaceae), parasitic on Persea americana, Baphia nitda, Kola acuminata, Pentaclethra macrophylla, Azadirchta indica, were evaluated in normoglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. Normoglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats were treated (intraperitoneally) with 200 mg/kg of the respective methanolic extracts of Loranthus micranthus (Linn.), glibenclamide (positive control), and 20% (v/v) Tween 20 solution (negative control). The sugar levels of the withdrawn blood samples were determined by o-toluidine spectrophotometric method. The studies indicate that the crude methanolic extract of Loranthus micranthus (Linn.) exhibited statistically significant hypoglycaemic ( P < 0.001) and anti-hyperglycemic ( P < 0.001) activities in normoglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats, respectively. The hypoglycaemic effect was found to be dose-dependent. The maximum effect of the mistletoe extract (400 mg/kg) from Persea americana on alloxan-induced diabetic rats was found to be statistically comparable with that of the positive control, glibenclamide, at 24 h after administration, with a percentage reduction of blood sugar levels of 82.59 and 83.34%, respectively. Acute toxicity tests of the methanolic extracts of Persea americana, Baphia nitda, Kola acuminata, Pentaclethra macrophylla, Azadirchta indica host trees in mice gave LD 50 values of 11650, 11650, 5900, 5900 and 5900 mg/kg, respectively, which are all within the practically non-toxic range. The methanolic extract of African mistletoe was found to be a good candidate for alternative and/or complimentary medicine in the management of diabetes mellitus. The leaves of the Eastern Nigerian species of the African mistletoe harvested from Kola acuminata, Azadirchta indica and Baphia nitda host trees exhibited comparatively better anti-hyperglycemic activities among the host trees studied.

Wound healing activity ofGliricidia maculata

The pharmacological activity of crude methanol extracts of Gliricidia maculata leaves were studied in the excision and granuloma wound models in rats. The rate of contraction was 86.65% ± 9.1% in treated compared with 92.43% ± 2.9% in control groups and the epithelialization time was prolonged to 20.2 ± 3.9 days in treated compared with 17.2 ± 0.9 days in control groups. Similarly, granuloma formation was not inhibited but disruption of endothelial cells and neovascularization was observed in the haemorrhaged granulomas. The low tensile strength in the excision wound was due to a low level of hydroxyproline 22.43 ± 9.9 µg/g tissue with a turnover of 19.05% ± 6.6% collagen compared with original levels of 32.44 ± 6.4 µg/g tissue of hydroxyproline and 24.20% ± 4.8% collagen. In the granuloma model, significant differences were observed in the treated group with 43.88 ± 6.8 µg/g tissue hydroxyproline and 61.88 ± 2.5 µg/g tissue in the control. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Wound healing activity of Gliricidia maculata

The pharmacological activity of crude methanol extracts of Gliricidia maculata leaves were studied in the excision and granuloma wound models in rats. The rate of contraction was 86.65% ± 9.1% in treated compared with 92.43% ± 2.9% in control groups and the epithelialization time was prolonged to 20.2 ± 3.9 days in treated compared with 17.2 ± 0.9 days in control groups. Similarly, granuloma formation was not inhibited but disruption of endothelial cells and neovascularization was observed in the haemorrhaged granulomas. The low tensile strength in the excision wound was due to a low level of hydroxyproline 22.43 ± 9.9 µg/g tissue with a turnover of 19.05% ± 6.6% collagen compared with original levels of 32.44 ± 6.4 µg/g tissue of hydroxyproline and 24.20% ± 4.8% collagen. In the granuloma model, significant differences were observed in the treated group with 43.88 ± 6.8 µg/g tissue hydroxyproline and 61.88 ± 2.5 µg/g tissue in the control. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.