Activity In Russia Research Articles

Problems of Countering Terrorism in the Decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation

The paper elucidates the problems related to various aspects of counter-terrorism activities in Russia. This activity involves the use of a set of political, socio-economic, information and propaganda, legal, special and other measures, the possibility of introducing a legal regime for a counter-terrorism operation, as well as ensuring the restoration of the rights of persons affected by the actions of terrorists. The author examines the content of the legal standing of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation concerning the forms and methods of antiterrorist activities, including the criteria for evaluating the legal restrictions applied in this case, their admissibility and proportionality. Special attention is paid to constitutionally significant aspects of the consideration of criminal cases on terrorism, problems of anti-terrorist protection of transport and other infrastructure facilities, issues of social protection of military personnel, law enforcement officers and other persons engaged in countering terrorism. The author explains the significance of the legal standings defined by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the nature of their impact on law-making and law enforcement activities in the area under consideration.

Lists of Journals and Ratings of Russian Publications: Inconsistencies and Possible Ways to Eliminate Them

When Web of Science and Scopus ceased all commercial activity in Russia, the issue of maximum separation from global scientometric systems became acute and appeared on the agenda. Under the present-day conditions of sanctions, the role of Russian academic journals in information support of science has increased significantly. The purpose of this study was to compare the contents of various lists of journals used to evaluate research activity in Russia and to develop a most balanced approach to ranking scholarly publications. The object of the study was Russian periodicals indexed in information systems, including the White List, as well as the main and additional Lists of the Higher Attestation Commission (HAC). A collection of Russian periodicals was compiled using databases such as the Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus and the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI). Using the overlay method, we compared information on publications from these databases with details taken from the White List and the Lists of the HAC (the main and additional ones). Information on the overlapping of Russian journals in these lists was collected. This made it possible to compare the positions of the same journals in the rankings in accordance with their levels in the White List and categories of the HAC. The levels and categories of journals were supplemented with information about the percentiles of the Science Index rating (RSCI). The lists of journals were analyzed from the informative and qualitative points of view. As a result of this study, it has been found that none of the lists meets the following basic requirements: 1) the completeness of coverage of the most significant journals in a wide range of academic fields without prejudice to any of them; 2) a careful examination of the methodology of ranking by categories or levels. A pretty accurate understanding of quality levels of academic journals can be achieved by using a new indicator of scholarly periodicals – percentiles of journals in the Science Index rating (RSCI).

Temporal and Cross-Regional Variance in Environmental Protest Activity of Russians (2007–2021)

The environmental movement in Russia has been a most institutionalized form of collective action. Originating from the Soviet period and gaining momentum in late 1980s, it survived the 1990s’ dramatic transformations as well as the changes in political opportunity structure in the 2000–2010s. Extant scholarship on environmental activism in Russia has been largely focused on case-studies of regional mass-mobilization, such as environmental campaigns at Shiyes station in Archangelsk. The paper represents the first systematic study of cross-regional variance in environmental collective action in Russia. Drawing on three datasets, we trace the general evolution of environmental protests in the period from 2007 to 2021 and provide a typology of Russian regions. The latter allows us to classify Russian regions by intensity and sustainability of eco-mobilisation. We demonstrate that, despite narrowing opportunities, the intensity of environmental protests during the last decade has been on the rise. The typology allows us to describe the existing variance and suggest new questions on the nature and factors of environmental protest activity in Russian regions.

Реформа контрольной и надзорной деятельности 2017–2025: организационно-правовой анализ

The article is devoted to the analysis of the ongoing reform of control and supervisory activities in Russia in eight areas indicated in the Reform Passport. The step-by-step analysis revealed a number of systemic topical administrative and legal problems of an organizational and legal nature that reduce the quality of modernization of control and supervisory activities of public authorities, which, in turn, allows us to characterize the current stage of reform as non-systemic, incomplete. The main conclusion made by the authors in this article is the conclusion about the need to develop legislation in the field of improving administrative and legal relations in the field of state control and supervision, as well as the need to review the main approaches to reform, the introduction of the principle of continuity.

‘The Climate Is Changing and the President Is Not’: ‘Non-Political’ Climate Activism in Russia

Using the ‘Fridays for Future’ movement in Russia as a case study, this article asks how ‘civil’ society movements ‘avoid politics’ under growing authoritarianism when dealing with ‘politics’ becomes unavoidable. While activists refrain from voicing ‘political’ demands to avoid repression by the regime, they come to understand that their goals are unachievable unless they address broader ‘political’ issues. Based on an analysis of in-depth interviews with climate activists, we identify three frames of ‘avoiding politics’. Each frame relates climate change with broader political issues in a specific way.

Региональные лотереи как механизм финансирования социальных расходов в дореволюционной России и в первые годы советской власти: проблемы организации и правового регулирования

This article examines the evolution of the mechanism of legal regulation of lottery activities in Russia, aimed at attracting additional funds for the implementation of social expenditures of the state. The powers of local authorities are studied in detail in terms of authorizing lotteries and organizing lottery activities, as well as control and supervisory powers for holding local lotteries. The article analyzes the practice of holding lotteries, and indicates that there were a large number of violations, theft of these funds, abuse, deception and other offenses, which led to a significant decrease in public confidence in this mechanism for financing social expenditures. The article provides examples of various lotteries held during the period of time under study in various parts of the state, mechanisms for resolving such lotteries, shows the purposes of their holding, as well as the organizations that carried them out. The work draws a general conclusion that both in pre-revolutionary Russia and the first years of Soviet power, lotteries acted as a universal mechanism for local authorities to generate additional income necessary to fulfill the social tasks facing them. However, the imperfection of legal regulation and the lack of proper control by the state over their implementation discredited lotteries in front of society and their implementation at the local level completely ceased by the end of the 20s of the 20th century.

The level of volunteer activity as an indicator of the effectiveness of management of the non-profit sector of the economy

The article analyzes changes in the level of volunteer activity in Russia, which is considered as one of the key indicators of the effectiveness of socially oriented non-profit organizations. The results of the study reveal a significant asymmetry in the level of volunteer activity in the federal districts — thus, recently there has been a nine-fold difference in the number of volunteers per 1000 people between the Central and Southern Federal Districts. according to the results of the last period, there is a nine-fold difference in the number of volunteers per 1000 people between the Central and Southern Federal Districts. Based on the results of the study, the need to continue intensive work with young people to increase volunteer activity is noted, and the conditions for increasing the volunteer potential of older groups of the population are determined.

PARALLEL IMPORT: THEORY, PRACTICE AND SPECIFICS IN THE CONTEXT OF SANCTIONS RESTRICTIONS

Parallel import refers to one of the controversial and ambiguous issues actively discussed in scientific literature over the past decades. On the one hand, parallel import is associated with the violation of intellectual property rights of trademark owners, and on the other hand, it is an indirect tool to combat price discrimination on the world market. Parallel import as a forced measure under sanctions is of particular research interest. The legalization on parallel imports in Russia, which allows to freely import certain goods into the country without the copyright holders’ permission, is aimed at countering large-scale anti-Russian sanctions, maintaining stable trade turnover and protecting the domestic industrial sector. The purpose of the work is to study the reasons for parallel import existence, its positive and negative aspects, as well as the specifics of importing goods into the country under sanctions. The methodology of the study is based on the analysis of international and Russian legislative framework, generalization of scientific and practical approaches to parallel import issues, as well as statistical data. The results of the study allows us to conclude that using the term «parallel import» to characterize the processes of importing goods under sanctions is not entirely legitimate due to the absence of the main, authorized import channel in most cases. The work provides a risk map related to the use of a parallel import scheme in the activities of Russia’s enterprises. The findings can be applied by commercial and industrial enterprises in devising a risk minimization strategy in conditions of sanctions restrictions.

Navigating Geopolitical Turmoil: Corporate Responses to the War in Ukraine and Its Impact on Consumer Mindset

Following Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine, many companies withdrew from or altered their Russian operations. This research explores the impact of such corporate actions on three important consumer mindset metrics: net brand buzz, consideration set inclusion, and purchase intent. The authors also examine the moderating role of the firm's environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reputation, the type of business (B2B vs. B2C), and the focal firm's decisions relative to peers. The authors test their propositions using a unique data set that combines a firm's decision related to its Russian operations, consumer mindset metrics, and ESG performance after controlling for firm-level factors. The findings indicate that decisions such as withdrawal from or suspension of activities in Russia are positively related to consumer mindset metrics. Moreover, this effect is accentuated for firms with a strong prior ESG reputation such that they experience a greater level of net brand buzz, brand consideration set inclusion, and purchase intent following the decision compared with the period before such decisions. This study contributes to understanding the relationship between such corporate actions and consumer mindset metrics in a novel geopolitical context, providing valuable insights for managerial decision making and public policy.

Students’ individual entrepreneurial orientation and the scope of startup activities in Russia: The role of university infrastructure

The development of startup activity among students is often considered a key ingredient to increasing entrepreneurship levels and reducing unemployment rates among youth. This study examines the role of personal characteristics and university infrastructure components in the context of nascent entrepreneurship in an emerging market setting. Drawing on the self-efficacy perspective, we theorize the effect of students' individual entrepreneurial orientation on the scope of their startup activity. Based on the university embeddedness theory, we further explore whether the university entrepreneurial environment and entrepreneurial program learning moderate this relationship. Our sample was drawn from the 2021 GUESSS project, which includes 1521 students from 21 universities in Russia. Data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression models with the help of Stata MP software. We found that individual entrepreneurial orientation increases the scope of students' startup activities, and the university entrepreneurial environment that is evaluated above the median score strengthens this relationship, while the entrepreneurial program learning has no effect. Our research seeks to draw researchers' and practitioners' attention to the need of both exploring the nuances of students’ personal traits that influence their involvement in startup activities and building an effective university entrepreneurial ecosystem to stimulate entrepreneurial endeavors among youth.

State Regulation of Public Libraries’ Activities in Russia in the Second Half of the XIX-th Century

The purpose of the article is to present the evolution of state policy towards public libraries in Russia in the second half of the XIX century. As a result of the research, the author has established that the content of laws and by-laws regulating the work of public libraries was determined by their status as public organizations and reflected deep contradictions of the government course during the years of bourgeois transformations and in the post-reform era.The government of Alexander II took the library initiative of education zealots as continuation and support of their own reformation attempts. The author shows how the legal status of public libraries was fixed in the legal field of Russia, acquisition rules were changing, the procedure for opening public libraries and supervision for their activities was carried out. The author notes how the repressive nature of legislation, aimed at protecting the urban reading public from unwanted literature, which intensified in the 1880s and 1890s, had a negative impact on public self-organization in the field of education. He concludes that circumstances formed significantly hindered the development of public libraries in Russia.

Innovations in congress and exhibition activities: new approaches and technologies

The article presents the characterization of new approaches and technologies in congress and exhibition activities. As a result of the conducted research of a number of scientific sources, the author’s approach to the systematization of innovations in congress and exhibition activities is presented, which provides their division into four main groups: technological, communication, sustainable, organizational innovations. Characteristics and possibilities of the most relevant innovations from the point of view of increasing the efficiency of congress and exhibition activities are presented. The methodology for successful realization of new approaches and technologies in congress and exhibition activity in Russia is offered.

Современное состояние отечественных цифровых экосистем как элемента потребительского рынка онлайн-торговли

Ecosystems in Russia are at the stage of development, but already today they set the direction for various segments of the consumer markets they serve. Such enterprises need to take into account not only market competition, but also constantly invest in digital technologies, innovations, monitor trends in consumer sentiment and ensure the security of their customers' data. The scenario for the development of domestic ecosystems is ambiguous, since they affect many industry markets that are not interconnected, and also compete with government digital platforms. The essence and significance of digital ecosystems and digital platforms are investigated, their distinctive features are given, the current situation in the ecosystem subscription market is considered, and the main consumer segments served by subscriptions are identified. The leaders of domestic enterprises functioning as ecosystems, their purpose and market shares are presented, as well as the monetary prospect of the development of the considered segment of the online trading market in the coming years is estimated. Ecosystem activity in Russia is still poorly regulated, which poses risks to the development of competition in consumer markets and to the sustainability of ecosystems. The features of the following areas are considered: data processing, competition, public administration and consumer protection; The risks in these areas are described, as well as the key tasks on the part of the state that it faces in terms of reducing the identified risks.

Seeking ‘to cease existing as we are’: dynamic strategies of environmental activism in Russia

How and why do civil society actors change their modes of activism and strategies under the condition of shrinking civil society space in authoritarian states? Previous studies have tended to juxtapose participatory activism, associated with broader mobilisation, and transactional activism, based on coalition building and professionalised civil society organisations. Using the illustrative example of the environmental social movement organisation RazDel’niy Sbor (‘Separate Collection’) in Saint Petersburg, we demonstrate how the strategic repertoire of civil society organisations changes from participatory to transactional activism over time. The study takes a dynamic outlook on strategies and explores how transactional activism and professionalisation are built on the previous successful participatory phase. Furthermore, the study expands our understanding of the participatory mode of activism that is interpreted in an innovative and safe way to avoid repression in the authoritarian political context of modern Russia.

Private initiative as a growth factor of Book publishing activity in Russia in the last third of the 18th century

Importance. A landmark event in the history of Russia in the last third of the 18th century was the development of private printing houses, which destroyed the state and church monopoly on printing publications. The work of publishing houses played a decisive role in satisfying the spiritual needs of the broad masses of the population, contributed to the secularization of the national book culture. At the same time, the richness and diversity of fiction, educational and scientific literature, produced both in Russian and in foreign languages, thoroughly influenced the emergence and dissemination of new information and facts, increased the level of education of all segments of the reading population. Despite the existence of extensive research on the book publishing of this period, there is a well-known imbalance in the description of the activities of famous domestic printers and their foreign colleagues. Meanwhile, it was foreign specialists (I.M. Hartung, J.J. Weitbrecht, etc.) who played a key role in opening the first private printing houses in Russia. The study of their activities contributes to the increment of knowledge on the Russian book culture history, allows you to consider unknown pages of Russian book publishing and book trade.Research Methods. The main sources of the study are the materials of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (Fund 17, Fund 248), as well as legislative acts and orders of that time that influenced the book trade.Results and Discussion. Being a characteristic feature of the development of information culture in the first half of the 18th century, censorship could not stop the transformative role of books in the history of Russia. As a result of the intensification of book printing in the country, the emergence of free book trade, the successful operation of new education models, interest in printed products has noticeably increased. Book business has ceased to be only a capital occupation and has become the property of the whole country. By allowing everyone to start printing houses at will, the state equated them with factories, which facilitated the processes of creating and developing their own printing business.Conclusion. The activity of private book publishers in Russia in the second half of the 18th century created opportunities for the formation of the national book market, filling it with various scientific, fiction and educational literature. Thus, the printers contributed to the dissemination of the widest knowledge among the Russian population, increased the variety and quality of the literature sold.

“The Ukrainian Issue” at the G7 Summits in Conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict 2014–2022

This article is aimed to provide an in-depth analysis of the G7 policy towards Ukraine in the context of Russian invasion 2014–2022. The hypothesis formed and verified in this paper is that since the beginning of Russian expansion on Ukraine in 2014 the G7 members have called for a negotiated process and a political solution to the conflict, but it was hardly possible to quickly adopt and implement timely and adequately decisions to resolve the crisis in the region through the bonding of global and regional security mechanisms. Thus, a comfortable field for prolonging the conflict, which has developed into a full-scale war, was formed. The research methodology is based on systemic, historical, structural and political approaches to the study of the problem. Research methods are comparative analysis, content analysis, chronological and classification methods.
 This study allows us to distinguish the stages of the G7 involvement in the “Ukrainian issue” in the period of 2014–2022. During these years, the group’s policy underwent three shifts in course, influenced in large part not only by the activities of Russia, but also by policy course changes of individual G7 members. The example of the nine-year unresolved local Russian-Ukrainian conflict shows that such crisis may pose a threat not only to regional, but also to global stability and there is a strong correlation between them.

Развитие геопространственной деятельности в России: стратегические направления и первоочередные задачи

Scientific literature and official documents on the development of geospatial activities are analyzed in the paper. Arguments confirming that such activities is one of the key drivers of national socio-economic development are given. Based on the analysis of domestic profile agencies` scope the assessment of their readiness to create and mass use of geospatial knowledge infrastructure in many areas of economy is provided. The authors identified strategic directions for the development of geospatial activities in Russia, formulated priority tasks for the transformation of such industry and creation the national geospatial ecosystem that contributes to widespread operating spatial data in the economy and state security. The topics of breakthrough R and Ds on the creation and development of intelligent solutions and technologies for processing information that forms the corresponding competencies are proposed. The goals aimed at upgrading the system of training highly qualified personnel and measures to improve geospatial activities in the Russian Federation are listed

National and world experience in functioning of centers for collective use of biological resource collections of tumors of the central nervous system

To analyze the experience of collective use center and biobank of the Burdenko Neurosurgical Center compared to national and international data on functioning of collective use centers specializing in tumors of the human central nervous system. We reviewed the PubMed and e-Library databases using the following keywords: core facilities brain tumors, repository of collective use brain tumors, biobank of CNS tumors, central nervous system tumor collection centers. We also analyzed the organizations registered on the portal of scientific and technical infrastructure of the Russian Federation. We analyzed 275 publications devoted to collective use centers and biobanks. These biobanks do not position themselves as collective use centers but actively realize biological material for researches. Structure of institutions presented on the portal of scientific and technical infrastructure of the Russian Federation is characterized. The collective use center «Bioresource collection of tissues and cell cultures of tumors of the human nervous system for fundamental and applied researches» has access to biobank of the Burdenko Neurosurgical Center. To date, the biobank contains more than 8478 aliquots of tumor tissue frozen at ultra-low temperature (-196°C) and obtained from 1993 patients. Considering available data, we established the basic principles of work in collective use centers with bioresource collections. Collective use centers with bioresource collections of tumors of the central nervous system are rare. There is only one collective use center organized at the Burdenko Neurosurgical Center on the portal of scientific and technical infrastructure of the Russian Federation. At the same time, there is an urgent need to increase their number and activity in Russia and other countries worldwide. You can use the resource of brain tumor collections by leaving a request on the official website of this organization in the «Collective use center» section.

Российские университеты как источники инноваций: теоретико-правовые аспекты

The subject of the research is the legal regulation of innovations in the activities of universities. The purpose of the work is to establish the theoretical and legal foundations of innovations implemented at universities. The article highlights the signs of innovation as a legal category. The stages, forms and levels of legal regulation of innovations in Russia are determined. Based on the analysis of scientific literature and legislation, the place of universities in innovation processes is presented. Several approaches to substantiating the role of universities in innovative development, including the concept of entrepreneurial ecosystems and the "triple helix" model, have been identified through the use of methods of system analysis, synthesis, classification, comparative legal and formal legal methods. Based on the analysis of the legal regulation of innovations and innovative activities of universities, conclusions are drawn about the complexity of the legal institute of innovation, including private and public legal mechanisms; the variability of the positioning of universities within the framework of entrepreneurial, educational and scientific ecosystems and the innovation system; the leading role of universities in the formation and development of the innovative potential of the territory; the importance of universities as sources of innovation. Attention is drawn to the specifics of the legal regulation of innovation activity in Russia, as well as to the features of innovation activity of Russian universities. The problems in the development of the innovative potential of Russian universities are highlighted, and proposals for their solution are formulated, taking into account the currently existing indicators of the Priority 2030 program. The conclusion is made about the need to develop the innovative activity of Russian universities and increase their role in the formation of the innovative potential of territories, including through the optimization of comprehensive legal regulation of innovation activities.

Оценка доступности банковских услуг в России: региональный аспект

Introduction. The sustainable development of the financial sector in any country creates favorable conditions for economic development and improv- ing the life quality of the population. In Russia, in recent years, in order to improve the efficiency of their activities, credit institutions have greatly reduced their physical presence in settlements, and regional banks with a wide network have become very rare. As a result, the opportunities for busi- nesses and citizens to receive financial services have been limited. This requires an assessment of the financial services availability, which is the purpose of the study. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the financial accessibility of banking services in the Russian Federation. Methods. The study is based on using the data from Rosstat and the Bank of Russia. During the re- search, the author uses logical techniques, system- atic and critical approaches, methods of economic and statistical analysis. The study was conducted in the context of federal districts. The scientific novelty of the study. The author identifies the defects in the methodological ap- proach used by the Bank of Russia to assess the availability of financial services in the constituent 3entities of the Russian Federation. The author proposes and tests a system of indicators for con- ducting such an assessment. Its advantage is that only relative indicators are used, which allows for cross-regional comparisons. Results and conclusions. The results obtained differ greatly from the estimates of the Bank of Russia, according to which the highest level of infrastructure development for the provision of financial services is characteristic of the North Caucasus Federal District, in which, as established during the analysis, the lowest indicators of provi- sion of elements of financial infrastructure, taking into account the population, as well as the lowest indicators of Internet use in the country. According to our estimates, the greatest availability of finan- cial services is in the Central Federal District, which, according to the estimates of the Bank of Russia, occupies the penultimate place. The reduction in the network of credit institutions observed in the country has a negative impact on the activities of enterprises and the life quality of people. With the current level of financial services digitalization, it is necessary to maintain the physi- cal presence of credit institutions in the regions, for which special measures should be taken by the financial regulator. Given the very high profitability of financial activities in Russia, this will not pose a threat to the weakening of the banking sector.