Activity In America Research Articles

Dimensions of the Dark Figure of Unreported Crime

A great deal of criminal activity in America goes unrecorded, largely because it is not reported to the police. This pool of unrecorded crime has several consequences: it limits the deterrent capability of the criminal justice system, it contributes to the misallocation of police resources, it renders victims ineligible for public and private benefits, it affects insurance costs, and it helps shape the police role in society. This report examines these problems in light of new crime-victim data gathered in a national sample of the general population. The data suggest that, compared with those incidents which were reported to the police, the reservoir of unreported crime contains a disproportionate number of less serious incidents involving small financial loss, little serious injury, and less use of weapons. Race, in particular, was unrelated to the reporting of crime in the United States in 1973.

On‐line opportunity: a comparison of activities in America and the United Kingdom

In the United States the chances of visiting a large industrial or federal library which does not make use of computer terminal capabilities grow increasingly slight. On talking to American librarians it is clear that on‐line computing facilities are regarded, not with feelings of dubiety but as accepted working tools. Their applications include housekeeping activities such as the monitoring of journal acquisition, accession and checking procedures, and the transfer of bibliographic records, in addition to user profile development for current awareness and retrospective searching.

Two Conferences, One Culture: A Report on the ASUC and Theory Meetings in Boston

Those possessed of both the leisure and the patience to sit through the four full days of last winter's joint conference in Boston were privileged to witness two kinds of events: events of musical significance and events of historical import. Of incontrovertible significance, from the standpoint of one interested in new music, were the many and varied programs of works by members of the American Society of University Composers, presented during that society's Eleventh Annual Conference, held at and under the auspices of the New England Conservatory on February 26-29, 1976. On the other hand, the National Conference on Music Theory, held on February 29-March 1, immediately following the ASUC conference and with the cooperation of the music department at MIT, is to be celebrated as marking the emergence of a new force in our musical life, that of music theory as an independent discipline. In a larger sense, these days in Boston were interesting precisely because of this pairing of conferences; the resulting commentary of each upon the other brings about a clearer perception of some of the trends to which the higher forms of musical activity in America are, for better or for worse, subject. For this reason, I think it proper to devote a part of this report to the expression of some tentative opinions, shaped in part by my experience in Boston, concerning the relationship of theory to composition. First, however, a brief account of both conferences seems in order. The ASUC conference was treated by its organizers as, primarily, an occasion for the performance of new works by member composers. A great volume and diversity of music was heard in the course of seven concerts. My most general impression was of widespread competence and seriousness of intent; a preponderance of works played bespoke of thoroughgoing professionalism, and hardly any seemed downright silly. To judge by what

Rebellion in the University: A History of Student Activism in America

Rebellion in the University: A History of Student Activism in America

Book Review: Rebellion in the University. A History of Student Activism in America, Students, University and Society. A Comparative Sociological Review

Book Review: Rebellion in the University. A History of Student Activism in America, Students, University and Society. A Comparative Sociological Review

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:THE CZECHS UNDER NAZI RULE: The Failure of National Resistance 1939–1942. By Vojtech Mastny.COLLECTED PAPERS ON THE JACOBITE RISINGS: Vol. 1. By Rupert C. Jarvis.THE COLONIAL OFFICE 1868–1892. By Brian L. Blakeley.THE ANTI‐POOR LAW MOVEMENT 1834–44. By Nicholas C. Edsall.THE FACTORY SYSTEM: Volume II: The Factory System and Society. By J. T. Ward.THE WORLD WE HAVE LOST. By Peter Laslett.VILLAGE AND BUREAUCRACY IN SOUTHERN SUNG CHINA. By Brian E. McKnight.ENSERFMENT AND MILITARY CHANGE IN MUSCOVY. By Richard Hellie.TYRANNY: A Study in the Abuse of Power. By Maurice Latey.CLUSTER ANALYSIS. By Robert C. Tryon and Daniel E. Bailey.EUROPE, MOTHER OF REVOLUTION. By Friedrich Heer. Translated from the German by C. Kessler and J. Adcock.THE POLITICS OF REVOLUTION. By Harvey Wheeler.PARADTCM FOR REVOLUTION? The Paris Commune 1871–1971. Edited by Eugene Kamenka.RUSSIA SINCE 1801: The Making of a New Society. By Edward C. Thaden.THE CZECHOSLOVAK REFORM MOVEMENT: Communism in Crisis 1962–1968. By G. Golan.THE INTELLECTUAL ORIGINS OF THE PRAGUE SPRING: The Development of Reformist Ideas in Czechoslovakia. By V. Kusin.THE ORIGINS OF POLISH SOCIALISM: The History and Ideas of the first Polish Socialist Party, 1878–1886. By Lucjan Blit.THE ESSENTIAL TITO. Edited by Henry M. Christman.COLONIALISM IN AFRICA 1870–1960. Volume Two: THE HISTORY AND POLITICS OF COLONIALISM 1914–1960. Edited by L. H. Gann and Peter Duignan.THE OXFORD HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA: Volume Two: SOUTH AFRICA, 1870–1966. Edited by Monica Wilson and Leonard Thompson.THE NIGERIAN MILITARY: A Sociological Analysis of Authority and Revolt 1960–67. By Robin Luckham.THE NIGERIAN ARMY 1956–1966. By N. J. Miners.MANUSCRIPTS IN THE BRITISH ISLES RELATING TO AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND AND THE PACIFIC. Edited By Phyllis Mander‐Jones.RICHARD BOURKE. By Hazel King.PUNISHMENT AND PROFIT: The Reports of Commissioner John Bigge on the Colonies of New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land, 1822–23; their origins, nature and significance. By John Ritchie.AUSTRALIAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: Cases, Materials and Text. By J. I. Fajgenbaum and P. Hanks.AUSTRALIAN DIPLOMAT: Memoirs of Sir Alan Watt. By A. S. Watt.THE DECLINE OF WORKING CLASS POLITICS. By Barry Hindess.OFFICIAL REPORTS OF THE 27th COMMONWEALTH CONFERENCE AND SPECIAL CONFERENCE [1967] AND 28th COMMONWEALTH CONFERENCE [1969]. By the Australian Labor Party.THE CHILD'S CONSTRUCTION OF POLITICS. By R. W. Connell.MAX STIRNER: The Ego and His Own. Edited and introduced by John Carroll.THE POLITICAL THEORY OF ANARCHISM. By April Carter.REBELLION IN THE UNIVERSITY: A History of Student Activism in America. By S. M. Lipset.COMMUNITY AND IDENTITY: Refugee Groups in Adelaide. By Jean I. Martin.FUTURE AUSTRALIANS: Immigrant Children in Perth, Western Australia. By Ruth Johnston.SOCIOLOGY IN ITS PLACE AND OTHER ESSAYS. By W. G. Runciman.

The Howe Brothers and the American Revolution

By focusing on the Howe brothers, their political connections, their relationships with the British ministry, their attitude toward the Revolution, and their military activities in America, Gruber answers the frequently asked question of why the British failed to end the American Revolution in its early years. This book supersedes earlier studies because of its broader research and because it elucidates the complex personal interplay between Whitehall and its commanders.Originally published in 1974.A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.

Before Berkeley: Historical Perspectives on American Student Activism

Student political activism in the United States antedates the Berkeley student revolt of 1964. American stu dents have been involved in political activities almost since the beginnings of higher education in the United States. Student activism in America has, in general, been linked to events in the larger society, and only seldom has been con cerned with the universities. The early political groups were small but provided a political education to many who later became active in intellectual life, the labor movement, and other areas. The student movement of the thirties was con cerned largely with the question of war and peace, although it had a strong undercurrent of radical politics. The im mediate post-World War II period was one of apathy on the campuses, and ended only with the rebirth of the student peace movement and later the civil rights movement in the late 1950's. These groups provided some of the organizational base for the emergence of the New Left in the mid-1960's. Thus, the historical background of student activism in the United States offers a context for the current period of turmoil on American campuses.

No Billionaire Left Behind: Satirical Activism in America by Angelique Haugerud

No Billionaire Left Behind: Satirical Activism in America by Angelique Haugerud

Fray Pedro De Aguado, O.F.M.–Date of Baptism

Anyone interested in early New World historians recognizes the difficulties encountered in reconstructing the lives of those scholars who, in the midst of wars or in the peace of convents, or even enjoying the fruits of an office in Spain, wrote books about the events in the New World. Many of these scholars were conscious that they were writing about tremendous happenings in the history of mankind and, weighed down by such responsibility, took little care in leaving any traces about their own lives. They were writing works of history, not autobiography. Investigators into this early New World history have been obliged to rely on conjectures concerning the personal life of these authors when the archives produced no documentation or when their patience has been exhausted before the enormous task of classifying millions of pages written by the indifferent hand of the salaried copyist or by the pen of authors or partakers in the colonizing activities in America.

The Position of the Sterling Area

IN considering the position of the sterling area, I want to look at, although by no means to provide certain answers to, two rather different questions. In the first place, I want to ask why it is that the current American recession is having so little effect upon the position of sterling and the sterling area; in fact, why it is that all the obvious indications suggest that sterling is as strong as it has been for many years, if not stronger? In the second place, I want to ask what are the long-run prospects for the sterling area; can we hope that it will continue in a position of relative strength, and can we expect that it will continue to be as important and as coherent a feature of the scene of international finance in the next few decades as it has been in the last? These are large questions, to which there can be no certain answers. I, for my own part, am certain that I do not know the answers. But at least we can look at some of the influences that operate, and find out sufficient to make sure that our guesses are reasonably well informed. The most remarkable feature of the international financial scene in the last few months has been the absence of the effects that had been forecast with such confidence from an American recession. The American recession has come; it has not been as serious as many informed observers had led us to expect that it might be, but it has certainly come, and for what it is worth it is still with us. What has not come, or if it has it has been completely masked by other influences, is the painful repercussion on the sterling area that past experience had led us to expect. The experiences on which the forecasters of the effects of American recession drew were those of I949 and of I937-8. On both these occasions a relatively small decline in the level of economic activity in the United States led to a much bigger relative decline in American imports from the sterling area. It was therefore not unreasonable to expect that another relatively small setback to the level of industrial activity in America would have a rather serious effect on sterling area trade. (I am leaving aside the other fear that has not been justified, that a relatively small initial decline in American activity might set off a cumulative downward spiral in the level of economic activity. Why this has not happened and does not appear likely to happen is not my concern here; all that deserves mention on that account is that there can be no question at all that a really serious depression in the United States must inevitably hurt the sterling area very seriously.) One of the reasons why the forecasts of the effects of a small American

Philosophy of Law and Jurisprudence in Britain (1945-1952)

BETWEEN THE STUDY AND PROFESSION of the law in England and the same activities in America, there are certain differences which are at least as important as the similarities. Though perfectly familiar to most American lawyers, these differences are often overlooked, and since an account of English legal thought at any period is hardly intelligible unless they are remembered, I shall prefix my account with reminder of the familiar. First, but least important, is the difference in scale. The number of practicing lawyers, law teachers, and students in Britain is minute in comparison with the United States, and the opportunities for the publication of articles on general or abstract subjects connected with the law is correspondingly small. There are at present five legal' and four philosophical journals where such articles may occasionally appear; so compared with the vast flood of American legal writing, the work of English philosophers and jurists is bound to appear mere trickle. Secondly, the English legal profession is still divided into two rigorously separated branches, and in spite of certain overlap in litigation in the lower courts and in conveyancing and advisory work of medium degree of difficulty and importance, this division between solicitors and barristers still represents genuine specialization of function. In addition, there is among English barristers degree of specialization in different branches of the law far greater, I think, than among lawyers in America. For though every division of the High Court of Justice in England has jurisdiction to administer both law and equity, yet the Chancery Division is in practice still very much court of equity and the Queen's Bench Division court of common law. Most barristers regard themselves as either a common-lawyer, or a Chancery barrister and work normally in only one of the divisions of the High Court, and to slightly lesser

An Early Sedentary Merchant in the Middle West: Records Available for a Study of the Career of Henry Shaw

Over a century ago Henry Shaw climbed the business ladder in St. Louis, and in his later years he did much for the culture of his adopted city. Shaw left behind many records of his career. Those pertaining to his business have been deposited in the Baker Library at Harvard University. The records are voluminous and as yet unused, except in so far as they have been examined for the purpose of the following tentative statement. The collection includes personal accounts, real estate records, family correspondence, and business records, such as waste books, journals, ledgers, invoice books, and bank balances. The collection of letters is particularly significant and valuable, for it deals with many subjects, including importing and exporting, and covers the whole period of Shaw's activity in America.

The Prelude to Russia's Departure from America

Research Article| September 01 1941 The Prelude to Russia's Departure from America Anatole G. Mazour Anatole G. Mazour Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pacific Historical Review (1941) 10 (3): 311–319. https://doi.org/10.2307/3633926 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Anatole G. Mazour; The Prelude to Russia's Departure from America. Pacific Historical Review 1 September 1941; 10 (3): 311–319. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3633926 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPacific Historical Review Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1941 The Pacific Coast Branch, American Historical Association Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

(1) Evolution and Christian Faith (2) Origin and Evolution of Religion

THE two books before us are of interest not only in themselves but also as illustrating important types of mental activity in America. Both books deal with religion. Yet the author of one is a professor of zoology and of the other a professor of Sanskrit. Prof. Lane writes from the Christian point of view, and combines an expert knowledge of biology with religious earnestness. His work is the outcome of a series of lectures in which he was asked by students to describe the theory of evolution and the salient facts on which it is based, and to discuss the effect of acceptance of the theory on “one's views of the Biblical account of Creation and of the Christian religion.” Prof. Hopkins, on the other hand, is not a Christian apologist, but plainly sympathises with the religious syncretism which is not uncommon among American intellectuals. He seeks to disclose and, we suggest, sometimes exaggerates likenesses to be found in the advanced religions of mankind. He uses a singularly wide survey of the religious development of humanity to indicate the sort of faith which may emerge from the present clash of creeds and philosophies. He is learned, urbane, and detached. (1) Evolution and Christian Faith. By Prof. H. H. Lane. Pp. xi + 214. (Princeton: Princeton University Press; London: Oxford University Press, 1923.) 9s. net. (2) Origin and Evolution of Religion. By Prof. E. Washburn Hopkins. Pp. v + 370. (New Haven: Yale University Press; London: Oxford University Press, 1923.) 15s. net.

THE PROBLEMS OF CAR SANITATION.

The railway had long ago reached such a stage of activity in America that its sanitary problems became of importance. It was not until very recent years, however, that these problems were adequately or at all generally discussed. The rapid development of the means of travel gave us a new set of sanitary questions. These have been in part answered in the papers by Bracken,¹Hurty,²Conn,³Dudley,⁴Trask,⁵Rosenau⁶and others. That the problems presented have not yet been solved in all their relations, however, is amply proven by the great diversity of opinion still held by sanitary experts. Further investigation is needed. It is desirable to know many facts difficult of determination. But in the working out of new sanitary problems frequent orientation is necessary in order to keep them in their right relations, to apply the general principles of sanitary science,