State Regulation Of Activity Research Articles

International practice of state regulation in the field of gambling

State regulation in the field of gambling is an important factor for the harmonization of these relations and their adjustment. Currently, world practice does not have special legislation that would establish international requirements for the organization and conduct of gambling. However, the development of gambling business in other countries of the world has a long history and considerable experience of successful state regulation of these legal relations. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to study similar practices of other states and their possible consideration for further improvement of state regulation in the field of gambling in Ukraine. The article presents certain aspects of state regulation of activities related to the organization and conduct of gambling in some countries of Europe (Switzerland, France, Malta) and North America (United States of America, Canada). It is emphasized that public management and administration in the field of gambling should be aimed at solving the main problems of this sphere of social relations: meeting the needs and interests of a certain group of people; prevention of gambling; protection of citizens from criminal encroachments that pose a danger to a large segment of the population; full and timely receipt of taxes provided for by law to the state budget and their allocation to socially important needs; prevention of types of gambling addiction not permitted by law; combating corruption offenses and legalization (laundering) of proceeds obtained through crime, etc. As evidenced by international practice, in order to solve these problems and eliminate existing problems and risks in this area, a more or less permanent trend is developing in the world (for those countries in which gambling is allowed and controlled): the adoption at the national level of a special regulatory law (legal act); creation of a system of relevant authorized state bodies of public administration with the distribution of organizational, permitting, supervisory and jurisdictional powers; maintenance of the necessary balance of public interests and the interests of business entities and individuals by introducing a system of permissive, agreeable and prohibitive methods of legal regulation and relevant organizational and legal measures.

Legal regulation of intellectual property issues within technology transfer in Ukraine

Problem setting. Technologies affect many intellectual property issues, from inventions and technology brands to the content of transfer agreements, so the harmonious coverage of such aspects and consideration of the needs of interested parties in the current legislation is an urgent problem. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The new requirements of the technology transfer ecosystem affect the widening variety of intellectual property rights that arise with the creation of today’s technologies. Legislation should be flexible to such changes. Purpose of research is a critical review of the Law of Ukraine “On State Regulation of Activities in the Field of Technology Transfer” and the development of proposals for its improvement. Article’s main body. It is established that the said Law is more focused on inventions, while copyright, industrial designs, and trademarks are considered very limited, and separate provisions generally exclude the importance of such types of intellectual property for technology transfer; the said Law contains conceptual legal inaccuracies in the distinction between assignments and license agreements. It is proposed to replace the terms “patenting” and “patent immunity”, which appear many times in the document, with the broader and more flexible terms “acquisition of intellectual property rights” and “immunity from the intellectual property rights of third parties”, respectively. Such a proposal is justified as follows. In Ukraine, patents are granted only for inventions and utility models. Industrial designs receive a certificate of registration (as in the EU), the same applies to copyright (at the owner’s request) and trademarks. In the Digital Age, copyright now serves more than just the creative industries. Industrial designs are found everywhere and not taking into account this type of intellectual property from the economic evaluation of the technology or the research of promising areas is unjustified. A technology brand can move alongside it. Patent analysis provides insight into technologies and technological capabilities, as well as new business opportunities. Obtaining trademarks for patented solutions increases the value of these technical solutions, and trademark analysis provides information on the areas in which competitors operate, promising niches and regions, promising products and services, as well as customer interaction approaches and branding strategies. It is also proposed to set out in the document the definition of the term “technology transfer agreement” in accordance with Regulation 316/2014/EU, namely to add to the already existing definition that it can also be a license agreement entered into between two undertakings for the purpose of the production of contract products by the licensee and/or its sub-contractor(s). Conclusions and prospects for development. On the basis of the justifications given in the presented article, it is proposed to make appropriate amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On State Regulation of Activities in the Field of Technology Transfer” in Articles 7, 8, 13, 14, and 23 in the direction of expanding the types of intellectual property and in Article 1 in the direction of expanding definition of the term “technology transfer agreement”.

Study of directions of unification of technology transfer in ukraine with the regulation of the European Union

Problem setting. In modern economic conditions, the key to effective economic development of any country is the development of the production sphere of the national economy. At the same time, its level depends on the penetration of knowledge-intensive, advanced and breakthrough technologies. Most economically developed countries even implement integrated state policies aimed at stimulating and scaling technology transfer processes. Thanks to this, the number of those technologies that are implemented in the sphere of public production increases, and the share of highly competitive products increases significantly. The economic system of Ukraine is no exception to this rule. Thus, since 2006, Ukraine has had a special official document the Law of Ukraine “On State Regulation of Activities in the Field of Technology Transfer”. Its main task is to determine the requirements of how the state (in the form of authorized bodies) will contribute to the scaling process of technology transfer. The course announced by Ukraine for joining the European Union (hereinafter referred to as “the EU”) imposes on it special obligations regarding the unification of regulatory approaches to the identification of technology transfer with EU requirements. The specified situation determines, on the one hand, the relevance of scientific research on this topic, and places on scientists the task of forming relevant proposals. It is science that should shape them and determine effective directions, methods and forms of unification of the principles of functioning of Ukraine with EU requirements and thereby stabilize and intensify the transfer of technologies. Purpose of research is to develop methods and techniques for unifying the regulatory approach to defining the essence of technology transfer in Ukraine with the requirements of the European Union. This will make it possible to formulate recommendations for the Ukrainian public authorities when they implement managerial decisions within the framework of the State technology policy and form the basis for proposals for amending its national regulatory acts. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following interrelated tasks: (1) to analyze the state of regulatory support for technology transfer under EU law; (2) to study the state of regulatory support for technology transfer under Ukrainian law; (3) to formulate proposals on the main directions of unification of legal regulation of technology transfer under Ukrainian law with the requirements of EU law. Analysis of recent research and publications. An analysis of recent research and publications on the topic shows that many scholars have considered the general issues of state intervention in the national economy. The problem of the essence of technology transfer has been studied both at the level of independent economic systems and within international organizational entities. Article’s main body. The object of this research is a set of regulatory methods and techniques for determining the content and essence of such a category as technology transfer. Both the requirements of Ukraine and the regulatory approaches of the European Union are studied. The analysis and generalization of the existing world and international approaches to the identification of the essence of technology transfer established that they are not unified among themselves and differ significantly from each other. It has been proven that this does not meet the needs of technology transfer participants and does not meet the strategic goals of Ukraine’s development. The expediency of expanding the existing concept of determining the essence of technology transfer defined in Ukraine is substantiated. Recommendations on directions for the unification of regulatory approaches to the definition of technology transfer with the European Union have been formed. The need to amend the provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On State Regulation of Activities in the Field of Technology Transfer” in order to bring it into line with the requirements of the European Union has been proven. Conclusions and prospects for development. It was determined that the current legislation of Ukraine contains a narrower approach to determining the essence of technology transfer. Recommendations on the unification of the requirements of Ukraine with the requirements of the EU, on the issue of identification of technology transfer, have been formed. The expediency of expanding the forms of technology transfer is substantiated by supplementing them with the following: – Transfer of technology during the implementation of special interstate defense and industrial programs. – Transfer of technology within the framework of grant funding and cooperation. – Transfer of technology during the implementation of public procurement. – Transfer of technology as a contribution to the integral property complex (statutory or accumulated capital) of economic entities. – Transfer of technology during the creation of startups.

Object of illegal activity of organizing or conducting gambling games, lotteries and its place in the system of criminal law norms

The article is devoted to the study of the object of the criminal law norm on illegal activities of organizing or conducting gambling games, lotteries, the results of which proved the correctness of the location of Art. 203-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine in Chapter VII entitled “Criminal offenses in the sphere of economic activity”. The article analyzes the specifics of the definition of the main direct object of the criminal offense provided for in Art. 203-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which in the third form of the objective side has a controversial interpretation, in particular, it is considered as social relations of morality. In the part related to this issue, the regulatory legislation was analyzed, namely the Law of Ukraine “On State Lotteries in Ukraine” dated 09/06/2012 No. 5204-VI and the Law of Ukraine “On State Regulation of Activities Regarding the Organization and Conduct of Gambling Games” dated 07/14/2020 No. 768-IX.
 It was established that the act is provided for in the third form of the current edition of Art. 203-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine covers the organization and operation of the institution with the aim of providing access to gambling and lotteries. Along with this, it was found that certain types of such activities, despite the criminal law prohibition, are allowed by the regulatory legislation, in particular it was proved that the organization and ensuring the functioning of the establishment with the aim of providing access to gambling games, lotteries should be considered non-equestrian and therefore prohibited only in the case when it concerns:
 
 a physically existing establishment (Internet clubs or internet cafes);
 a virtual institution, the organization and functioning of which is carried out without the appropriate permission documents (license).
 
 Organizing or ensuring the functioning of a virtual establishment for the purpose of providing access to gambling games or lotteries conducted on the Internet in the presence of an appropriate license is not subject to a complete criminal law ban.
 This causes confusion in the definition of the object of this criminal offense, which is justified in the article to consider public relations in the sphere of economic activities related to the organization of gambling and lotteries
 In order to eliminate conflicts and inconsistencies between the current criminal and regulatory legislation, it is proposed to make changes to the current wording of Art. 203-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, in particular, in the third form of the objective party, the actions described in it are justified to be described at the legislative level by the concept of “illegal”.

Государственное регулирование деятельности иностранных агентов в Российской Федерации: эволюция отраслевого закона в 2012–2022 гг.

The regulation of foreign agents’ activities as part of ensuring the security of Russian sovereignty, the constitutional order and national interests from the foreign influence is one of the key directions of the development of Russian politics and society nowadays. The actuality of this problem is driven by the presence of internal and external threats. The article presents the prerequisites for the adoption of regulation regarding foreign agents’ activities in the Russian Federation. The need for regulatory unification in 2022, caused by the presence of relevant regulation regarding foreign agents’ activities in difference law sources for ten years, is described in the article; as a result, various types of these entities have become standardized within the framework of the modern political process, ensuring the most effective government control. In addition, the main regulatory mechanisms regarding foreign agents’ activities in different countries have been analyzed. On the basis of this work the comparative analysis of regulatory measures concerning foreign agents in Russia and other countries has been carried out. Great attention was paid to articles of domestic and foreign authors, explaining the emergence of such a phenomenon as foreign agents. The dynamics of the inclusion of foreign agents has been analyzed. The author finds that the legislative reform, carried out in 2022, equalizing foreign agents in terms of the requirements, eliminated the legal and management gaps. The results, presented in the article, allow to draw the conclusions concerning the current situation of foreign agents in the Russian Federation.

Digital Platformas a Tool for the Functioning of the Technology Transfer Network

Problem setting. Today, the digital economy is being transferred to the digital platform, including in the area of technology transfer for innovative products and/or services. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The following scholars were interested in the conceptualization of digital platforms: Acs Z. J. et al. (2021) , Kenney M. and Zysman J. (2020), Plantin Jean-Ch. (2018), Van Gorp N. and Batura O. (2015), Spagnoletti P., Resca A. and Lee, G. (2015), Ghazawnehand A. and Henfridsson O. (2013), Ceccagnoli M. et al. (2012), Tiwana A. et al. (2010), Kurz T, Eder R. and Heistracher T. (2010), Venters W. (2021), Mansell R. and Steinmueller W. E. (2020), Frenken K. and Fuenfschilling L. (2020), Thompson M, Mukhopadhyay S., Bouwman H. and Jaiswal M. P. (2019), Otto B. and Jarke M. (2019), Poell T. et al. (2019), Gawer A. (2021), Van Dijck J. (2020, Keskin B. Van Dijk et al. (2018), Schwarz J. A. (2017). Among Ukrainian scholars, the problems of introducing digital platforms and the conceptual foundations of their development in the context of the formation of the digital economy were of interest to Kokhan V. P., Sichkarenko K. O., Ostrovsky I. A., Lyashenko V. I. and Vyshnevsky O. S., Semenog A. Y. Purpose of the research is to identify the existing views on the category of «digital platform» in the scientific literature, to identify its characteristics, and to provide an overview of its types. We will find out the impact of digital platforms on the activities of technology transfer networks and identify gaps in legal regulation and suggest opportunities for future research. Article’s main body. The article studies the conceptual provisions for substantiating the essence of the category «digital platform» and its impact on the activities of a technology transfer network. The author proves that a digital platform is an important factor enabling innovation through a technology transfer network, a mechanism for stimulating technology transfer, and a certain means of digital transformation. The concept of «digital platform» is widespread in the legal and economic literature, but there are significant differences of opinion among scholars regarding its essence. The study has led to the conclusion that a digital platform is a networked form of business organization, a special type of business model that brings together participants on the principles of an ecosystem and on a voluntary basis to promote valuable interaction between the involved participants, ensure coordination, dissemination of information, transfer of technology, and provision of services. The study found that there are business models of platforms that have a network effect and they exist in the following types: transactional, innovative, integrated, investment, and information platforms. The article emphasizes that from a legal perspective, a digital platform (for technology transfer) is a key tool for the functioning of a technology transfer network which provides for the connection of a large number of participants based on digital technologies, and which aims at coordinating and processing information, providing services, engaging software, assisting in finding partners for research and development and effective interaction of technology transfer participants, digitalization of business processes, transfer of new promising technologies and/or It has been established that the technology transfer network facilitates the implementation of innovative projects of national and international (transnational) technology transfer. Conclusions and prospects for the development. In order to improve the category of «digital platform», its concept should be fixed in the Law of Ukraine «On Stimulating the Development of the Digital Economy in Ukraine» of 15.07.2021 No. 1667-IX and the draft Law «On Digital Content and Digital Services», adopted as a basis on 12.01.2023. And the concept of a technology transfer network and center is defined in the Law of Ukraine «On State Regulation of Activities in the Field of Technology Transfer» of 14.09.2006 No. 143-V or in the Draft Law on Amendments to Certain Laws of Ukraine on Stimulating Activities in the Field of Technology Transfer No. 4623 of 21.01.2021.

СТРУКТУРНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ РОЗВИТКУ СИСТЕМ КЛАСТЕРНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА В УМОВАХ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The article examines the structural forms of cluster groups and special approaches to the formation of cluster partnership systems in the conditions of sustainable development of the national economy. The scientific works of foreign and domestic scientists regarding the structural forms of cluster groups were studied, which made it possible to identify joint approaches to their formation. The methodical and normative approaches to the classification of the structure of the subjects of cluster groups were revealed, which allowed to obtain a deeper understanding of the classification of the structure of the subjects of cluster partnership systems. A comparative analysis of single forms of integrated business structures and cluster partnership by business functions was carried out. A scheme of relationships in the system of cluster partnership in the national economy in conditions of sustainable development based on integration, quasi-integration and spatial localization wasproposed. Thus, after researching various structural forms of interaction of business entities with different integration potential, trends in the formation and development of cluster partnership systems of the national economy in the conditions of sustainable development, which are determined by the cyclicality of world economic development and the level of development of the country, as well as the pace of technology changes, were revealed and the nature of changes in production. The structuring of the characteristic features and parameters of the organizational and legal forms of management as a basis for building cluster partnership systems, which allows to perform organizational and functional forecasting in economic sectors, to choose the optimal form of cooperation of various degrees of integration depending on the purpose, available potential, spheres of activity, degree of integration, production orientation, the need for organizational autonomy, state regulation of activity in accordance with the specifics of the legal status provided for by the legislation of Ukraine.

Problems of Identification of the Concept of International Technology Transfer in the Scientific Discourse

Problem setting. The issues of international technology transfer are reflected in the scientific works of both foreign and Ukrainian scientists. The concept of «international technology transfer» is widely used in the legal and economic literature, but there are significant differences of opinion among scholars regarding its essence. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Among Ukrainian scientists, international technology transfer is considered more in the economic literature: H. O. Bak, O. B. Salikhova, A. S. Bura, O. O. Bakalinska, Y. Yakubivska. Various foreign scientists have considered international technology transfer in their works. In particular, R. D. Robinson and and G. F. Jewett, Kasych A. and Medvedeva G., C. Liu and S. Yan, Sepúlveda C. I. and Ocampos J. A., Lundquist D. G. and Grosse R. Target of the research is to identify the views on the category of «international technology transfer» existing in the scientific literature and to study them in order to specify the nature of international technology transfer. Article’s main body. The article is devoted to the issue of identifying the concept of international technology transfer in the scientific discourse. The article studies the conceptual provisions for substantiating the essence of the category of «international technology transfer» and conducts a bibliographic analysis of the studies of this category. The author emphasizes that the issues of international technology transfer are reflected in the scientific works of both foreign and Ukrainian scholars. The concept of «international technology transfer» is widespread in the legal and economic literature, but there are significant differences of opinion among scholars regarding its essence. This study has led to the conclusion that the variety of definitions of the concept of «international technology transfer» demonstrates the existence of diverse approaches to understanding the essence of the problem of international transfer of technology. It is determined that all approaches are reasonable and relevant and their use depends on the specific aspect under which international technology transfer is considered. The study found that in order to improve the category of «international technology transfer», its concept should be fixed in the Ukrainian Law «On State Regulation of Activities in the Field of Technology Transfer» by amending Article 1 of this Law. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The study has led to the conclusion that international technology transfer as a category is a basic, complex and complex definition that characterizes legal relations arising between a business entity or other party to the relationship and a foreign entity, which is a resident and non-resident of the country, respectively, and related to the creation, transfer of rights and implementation of technology, as well as the conclusion of certain agreements aimed at transferring rights to technology or information about technology, or material embodiment (reproduction) of technology in the field of technology transfer

СУЧАСНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ФОРМУВАННЯ ТА РОЗВИТКУ СИСТЕМ КЛАСТЕРНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА В НАЦІОНАЛЬНІЙ ЕКОНОМІЦІ

The article analyses and reveals trends in the formation and development of cluster partnership systems in the national economy, which are determined by the cyclicality of world economic development and the level of development of the country, as well as the pace of technology changes and the nature of changes in production. The development of IT clusters in Ukraine has been analysed in a temporal and spatial continuum, which demonstrates that the pioneers are the Lviv and Kharkiv IT clusters, which even today, in the conditions of war, are leaders in terms of the level of organization and scale of activity. The development trends of technology parks, industrial parks, and business incubators are characterized as the basis for the activation of innovative development of cluster partnership systems in the national economy. The statistics of the number of legal entities by organizational and legal forms for 2020-2022 are provided. The presence of associations, concerns, consortia, cooperatives (including production, service, consumer, agricultural production, agricultural service) as a cluster form of business integration for 2020-2022 is investigated. in all regions of Ukraine. The structuring of the characteristic features and parameters of the organizational and legal forms of management as a basis for building cluster partnership systems, which allows to perform organizational and functional forecasting in economic sectors, to choose the optimal form of cooperation of various degrees of integration depending on the purpose, available potential, spheres of activity, degree of integration, production orientation, the need for organizational autonomy, state regulation of activity in accordance with the specifics of the legal status provided for by the legislation of Ukraine.

СЕРТИФІКАЦІЯ СТАЛОГО ТУРИЗМУ: ПЕРЕВАГИ ТА НЕДОЛІКИ

Today, tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors of the economy and a key driver of social and economic progress throughout the world. Tourism is an important factor for gettingnew jobs, economic growth of the country, environmental protection and preservation, and overcoming poverty. This is possible only under the condition of responsible management and planning of tourist recreation areas. Otherwise, traditional tourism can cause significant negative impacts on the environment. Certification of tourist products and services is an important element of state regulation of the activities of tourism entities. Sustainable tourism certificates are intended for voluntary assessment and monitoring of environmental and social impacts of tourism organizations or destinations that promote tourism. Certification is carried out by certification bodies according to many criteria related to business practices, social policy, environmental impact, supply chain and procurement, etc. For tourists, the certificates for tourism business owners indicates compliance with the basic generally accepted requirements for sustainable tourism, as well as the fact that the company is committed to a sustainable approach to the environment and the local community. The article draws attention to the main aspects of certification of sustainable tourism in Ukraine. Attention is focused on such types of tourism that minimize negative effects on the environment. A number of main advantages are given, thanks to which tourists choose sustainable types of tourism. Such types of tourism should include ecological (green), rural, sports, mountain, cultural and educational, medical and health tourism, etc. The areas of tourism certification and their compliance with national standards were analyzed. It is emphasized that sustainable tourism should become a model for greening the entire tourism industry. It is substantiated that one of the important tools of the state regulation of tourism activity is the environmental certification of tourism. The recommendations for the development of sustainable tourism in Ukraine have been formulated.

РОЗГЛЯД СУДОМ СПРАВ ПРО ОБМЕЖЕННЯ ФІЗИЧНОЇ ОСОБИ У ВІДВІДУВАННІ ГРАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ ТА УЧАСТІ В АЗАРТНИХ ІГРАХ

The article is devoted to the study of the court’s consideration of cases on the restriction of physical persons in visiting gambling establishments and participating in gambling. It is noted that cases of this category are considered by local general courts at the player’s place of residence in separate proceedings according to the rules of civil procedure in accordance with Chapter 2-1 of Chapter VI of the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine. It is substantiated that it is now possible to stop a person’s unreasonable exercise of the right to participate in a gambling game by entering information about the player in the Register of persons who are restricted from accessing gambling establishments and/or participating in gambling games on the basis of a relevant court decision without limiting their civil capacity. It was concluded that the circumstances provided for in clauses 2-5 of Art. 300-3 of the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine, by themselves and without substantiating the need to impose a restriction on an individual in the form of a ban on visiting gambling establishments and participating in gambling, cannot be the basis for a court decision to satisfy the applicant’s requirements. It is argued that the grounds for banning a natural person from being a visitor to a gambling establishment and a participant in a gambling game are circumstances that indicate that the player, as a result of visiting gambling establishments or participating in gambling, has put himself or his family in a difficult financial situation. It is substantiated that only family members of the player can be applicants in the studied category of cases. It is noted that in Part 1 of Art. 300-5 of the Code of Civil Procedure of Ukraine should establish the provision that the court determines the period of restriction of an individual from visiting gambling establishments and participating in gambling within the period established by the Law of Ukraine “On State Regulation of Activities Regarding the Organization and Conduct of Gambling Games” dated 07.14.2020 No. 768-IX. The groundlessness of the proposals regarding the need for legislative regulation of the procedure for renewing the period of restriction of a person visiting gambling establishments and participating in gambling with the indication of the period during which such an application can be submitted and the definition of the circle of persons who have the right to submit such an application is indicated. It is proposed to introduce changes and additions to the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine in order to improve the legal regulation of judicial review of cases on the restriction of physical persons from visiting gambling establishments and participating in gambling.

Networks of Speculation: Making Land Markets on Myanmar Facebook

AbstractDigital platforms have changed how property is sold and valued in the Global North, yet little is known about digital tools in emerging land markets. Drawing on in situ and digital ethnography, we argue that Facebook plays a key role in making a new kind of market in Myanmar, one in which land is transformed into a speculative asset, exchanged across ever‐expanding networks. While commodification is familiar within longer histories of capitalism, this case highlights the significance of digital platforms to the contemporary remaking of property relations. Unlike classic cases of market‐making enabled by active state regulation, Myanmar’s digital land markets were forged in the context of state absence by brokers who harnessed the technological affordances of social media to increase the scale, scope and speed of transactions. This creative re‐appropriation of the platform forged new, unregulated digital markets that ultimately accumulated corporate profits and intensified participant risk.

POLITICAL MYTHS USED TO DELEGITIMISE GAMBLING IN UKRAINE

The process of gambling market legalization in Ukraine following more than eleven years of statutory ban on the organization of all types of gambling, except for lotteries, encounters opposition from both the shadow economy and politicians and officials, who, in addition to objective reasons for their interest in this political issue, may be involved in the rent-seeking behaviour due to the existing status quo. Now that the Law of Ukraine “On State Regulation of Activities in the Organization and Conduct of Gambling” adopted in July and effective from 13 August 2020 has defined the general framework of the regulatory model equating all gambling types and obliging operators to obtain relevant licenses, the leverage over the market ended up in the hands of the National Regulator (CRGL). Therefore, the state budget began to receive revenue from the gambling market, avoiding corruption flows. That is one of the reasons the emerging gambling market faced quite serious resistance at a number of levels, from the Parliament to local governments which, lacking access to hard cash, collect reputational bonuses from the exploitation of populist slogans to ban the organization and conduct of gambling in their jurisdictions despite the specialized Law. In order to deflate such opposition, joint efforts of both the legislative (at the level of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine) and executive power (represented by law enforcement agencies and the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine), as well as industry associations uniting legal operators are needed. In turn, public policy on gambling requires significant adaptation and reform in order to come as close as possible to the country’s present-day realities, as well as increase the level of compliance with international practice. For better understanding and planning of adaptation and reform, the examination of both the market and the changes taking place therein, including sociological studies enabling more adequate public and regional policies on gambling, is required.

ՀՀ տնտեսության ագրարային հատվածի տեղաբաշխումը եվ մասնագիտացումը դրա տարածքային համաչափ զարգացման համատեքստում/Placement and Specialization of the Agrarian Sector of the RA Economy in the Context of its Balanced Territorial Development

The paper clarifies not only the great diversity of natural and economic conditions created in small areas in conditions of severe relief and severe surface fragmentation, but also the spatial development of multi-sectoral economy, many macroeconomic factors: In this context, the further development of rural areas is possible only after a radical change in the budget policy of the state in terms of their financial support, after the development of public-private partnership through more active state regulation of these issues. So far, destructive demographic processes are prevalent in the village. It is impossible to disagree with them, as evidenced by statistics on the decline of the rural population and the increase of abandoned rural areas. The situation is aggravated by the fact that the most important documents of strategic importance for the balanced territorial development of the republic, which have been adopted recently, have not received the required level of clarification. If the possible development of the third sector of the agri-food system is not taken into account in time for the development of the concept, strategy and scheme of the territorial organization of the agrarian sector, considering the coordination of joint actions for the justified placement and specialization of agri-food production of the EEU member states, it will negatively influence the balanced development of rural areas.

Scenarios for development of the settlement systems of Siberia and Russian Far East until 2030

The subject of the study is the settlement systems of the Siberian and the Far East Federal Districts. This article considers the settlement system not only in the context of the spatial organization of society and the territorial organization of productive forces, but also as a derivative of the economic model of the State. Data on the dynamics of population size and density, migration indicators for the subjects of macroregions are presented, and regional types of settlement systems are structured. The importance of a qualitative change in the system of population placement in Siberia and the Far East for creating an internationally competitive network of settlements is emphasized. Within the frame of the main prospects for transformation of the Russian settlement system and its ordering there are considered perspective scenarios: "Priority" (active State regulation of settlement), "Progressive" (free self-organization of settlement) and "Inertial" (mixed transformation of settlement systems). In view of this, the typology of the "second" and "third" cities in the Siberian and Far East regions is given as a complex basis for spatial or supporting frameworks of settlement systems.

Current trends of Ukraine’s categorized hotels development

The article analyzes the current state of categorized hotels in Ukraine, their dynamics for 2018–2021 and distribution by regions. The activity of the State Agency for the Tourism Development of Ukraine on the establishment of categories of hotels, with the subsequent identification of the main trends and frequency of obtaining the declared category by the hotel is investigated. The main motives for obtaining a category by modern hotels are summarized. The existence of a relationship between the selected target audience and the decision to undergo categorization by the hotel was identified. The influence of new requirements for hotels receiving permission to organize and conduct gambling on the rapid growth in demand for hotels to undergo the categorization procedure has been determined. The register of permits issued by the Gambling and Lottery Regulatory Commission was investigated and compared with a list of hotels that had recently been categorized and re-examined of an existing category. It is predicted that by the end of the year there will be a significant increase in the number of categorized hotels in the whole country, and specifically in Kyiv. The place of the Odessa region among other administrative-territorial units of Ukraine was determined by the number of categorized hotels for 2018–2021. The characteristic of the main trends that distinguish the Odessa region from the list of categorized hotels from other regions of Ukraine is given. The main changes that took place in the Odessa region in the context of various categories of hotels are revealed. The distribution of categorized hotels with more than one hundred rooms has been investigated. The dependence of the location of hotels and the result of their categorization is substantiated. The existing tendencies regarding categorized hotels in Ukraine are determined, including the uneven distribution by region, the revival of the rate of obtaining the category by hotels after the entry into force of the Law of Ukraine on state regulation of activities for the organization and conduct of gambling, positioning the Odessa region as the region with the largest number of «five stars» hotels. Suggestions for further research on this issue are given.

РОЛЬ ГОСУДАРСТВА В ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИИ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ: МИРОВОЙ ОПЫТ И РОССИЙСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА

The authors illustrate that the practical implementation of liberal and neoliberal dogmas in Russia led to catastrophic consequences. There was a drop in economic growth, comparable to the losses of the war, revolution and civil war of 1914-1922, a massive outflow of capital abroad. The differentiation of the population by income has increased, the Gini index has almost doubled compared to its value in the USSR. The experience of the developed countries of the world has convincingly proved that only with active state regulation can the economy demonstrate stable competitive development. Today, the state is charged with price control, maintaining the health system, ensuring a decent standard of living for older people and the unemployed, granting scholarships to students as the most vulnerable sections of the population, reducing the gap between the rich and the poor, implementing industrial, innovative, environmental policies, and supporting employment. The basis of the modern socio-economic development of Russia should be non-resource sectors of the economy. At the same time, their development is possible only if protectionist policies are implemented. This is convincingly evidenced by the historical experience of Russia

Options for the Spatial Development of Russia in the Context of Interregional Interactions.

—The article develops an approach to building a model of interregional interactions based on regionalization of national input–output tables. Options for the spatial structure of gross output depending on the forecast of investments in fixed assets are presented. Five main options for the prospective spatial organization of economic development are proposed. The advantages of the scenario of locally diversified growth, which is more acceptable from the point of view of territorial justice but requiring active state regulation of spatial development, are shown.

The state regulation of the economic activities in domestic pharmacy: regulatory aspect

In modern working conditions, a pharmacist has insufficient knowledge of regulatory documents regulating the activities of the pharmaceutical industry. Thus, there is a need to provide informational assistance to the pharmacist by systematizing the current legal documents.
 Aim. To scientifically generalize legal acts on the state regulation of the business entity in pharmacy in Ukraine.
 Materials and methods. Regulatory legal acts regulating the process of the state regulation of the activity of an economic entity in pharmacy in Ukraine, and such methods as content analysis, generalization were used.
 Results. As a result of the content-analysis it has been found that state supervision (control) of the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine is performed by the following state structures: the State Service of Ukraine for Medicines (Drugs) and Drug Control, the State Service of Ukraine for Food Safety and Consumer Protection, the State Fiscal Service, the State Labor Service of Ukraine, the State Emergencies Service of Ukraine.
 Conclusions. When conducting the content-analysis it has been found that the legal documents regulating the process of pharmaceutical care provision in Ukraine are the Laws of Ukraine “On licensing of the economic activities”, “On consumer protection”, “On labor protection”. A graphic model of the state regulation of the business entity’s activity in Ukraine has been also created.
 Key words: state regulation; business entity in pharmacy; regulatory legal acts; content-analysis.

Шляхи вдосконалення механізму державного регулювання інвестиційної діяльності у сфері теплопостачання

The article is aimed at substantiating the measures to improve the state regulation of investment activities of heat supply companies, aimed at intensifying work on the modernization of district heating systems. In Ukraine, the need for state regulation of activities (including investment) in the field of heat and power engineering is established by the Law of Ukraine “On Heat Supply”. Such regulation is carried out by adopting regulations that are mandatory for use by all economic entities in the field of heat supply, and by providing control functions to the national regulator and local governments. The article analyzes Procedures for development, approval, coordination and approval of investment programs of municipal heat companies which are now in force in Ukraine. The analysis of current regulations has made it possible to identify the main problems of the state regulation of investment activity: imperfection of planning; complexity of development, justification, approval and control of investment programs; and a complicated mechanism for financing investment activities. According to the results of the research, the following ways to improve the state regulation of investment activity of the enterprises working in the municipal heat power engineering are offered: transition from short-term to medium- and long-term planning of investment activity; simplification of the current procedures for approval and adoption of investment programs; further decentralization of investment management and granting all powers to local governments; dismissal of the obligation for each measure and investment program as a whole to be economically efficient. A local authority should be entitled to independently choose the priorities for designing an investment program, e.g.: to improve the quality or reliability of heat supply, or to reduce tariffs; to simplify procedures of monitoring the implementation of investment programs, to give a heat supply company more independence in spending funds received under the investment program.