Active Role Research Articles

Family Perspectives on Key Elements of Good Home Palliative Care in South and Southeast Asia: A Scoping Review

Palliative care is a comprehensive approach aimed at improving the quality of life of patients with serious illness and their families. Nevertheless, there exists a dearth of systematically synthesized empirical evidence regarding the key elements that contribute to good home palliative care (HPC) from a familial standpoint in the context of South and Southeast Asia. This paper aims to describe family perspectives on key elements of good home palliative care in both regions. We conducted a scoping review using Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework. The search was done in 6 electronic databases: PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, APA PsycINFO, and APA PsycArticles Full Text. Inclusion criteria were (1) exploring family experiences of palliative care, (2) home setting, and (3) South and Southeast Asian countries. Twenty-four studies were included from Bangladesh (n = 1), India (n = 6), Indonesia (n = 7), Malaysia (n = 2), Singapore (n = 2), and Thailand (n = 6). Five key elements of HPC from family perspectives were comprehensive moral and psychological support; religious and spiritual activities with religious figures involvement; empathetic, responsive, and continued home palliative care; adequate access to information and skills training; and facilitation in dealing with systemic barriers. The crucial role of religious and spiritual activities and the need for facilitation in facing systemic barriers were specific to South and Southeast Asia. HPC teams should be able to provide holistic support for patients and their families, which is influential for the quality of care. Improving care on a systemic level in these regions should be a policy priority.

Collegial Practicum Journey of EFL Teacher Trainees through Vignette-based Reflections

With the intent of facilitating the professional development of English-as-a-foreign language (EFL) teacher trainees, the impetus of this qualitative study is to evaluate the depth and breadth of teacher reflection using vignettes within an initial teacher education program. To this end, this study utilized the vignette technique to reveal 12 EFL teacher trainees’ reflectivity from a collegial perspective. Over a nine-week time period, the participants worked in pairs, and each pair first created vignettes based on their observations or teachings in practicum. Afterwards, they generated reflective responses to the pre-designed questions, which led them to think about the problematic or critical issues raised in the vignettes of their pairs. At the end of the process, a total of 108 vignettes were gathered. The whole qualitative data was exposed to the analysis in light of the two-dimensional framework of Fund et al. (2002), which focuses on both the depth and breadth of teacher reflection. Results indicate that the vignette-based reflections showed more balanced variety in breadth, whereas they did not contain a great number of comments made at deeper levels of reflection. Therefore, it is recommended that all the stakeholders should take more active roles to foster reflectivity and criticality toward educational matters raised in the vignettes.

Technical Guidance for Student Creativity and Achievement Program

The purpose of the student creativity program in general is to prepare future-oriented student resources and forged with higher education transformation so that they become superior, competitive, adaptive, flexible, productive, competitive graduates with Pancasila character, and guide students to become individuals who know and obey the rules, creative and innovative, as well as objective and cooperative in building intellectual diversity. While the objectives of the Student Achievement Program are: 1) giving awards to students who have achieved high achievements; 2) motivating students to carry out curricular, co-curricular, and extra-curricular activities as a vehicle for synergizing student hard skills and soft skills; 3) encouraging universities to develop a campus life climate that can facilitate students to achieve proud achievements on an ongoing basis; 4) Student entrepreneurship; and 5) MBKM activities in higher education. The method of delivering the material in the zoom meeting and offline, accompanied directly by selected expert presenters who are able to provide motivation and strategies and often participate in the intended achievement event in the FKIP Hall, Classroom, and other rooms that are useful in implementing activities that are planned to be carried out continuously or sustainably between April and December 2023. The activities are in the form of continuous technical guidance periodically until students are proficient in uploading activity websites, making implementation proposals, and creating achievement and entrepreneurial ideas. The data collection technique is observation, interview, and documentation. With data collection tools in the form of observation sheets, interviews, and documentation sheets. The target audience is students and lecturers, especially the mathematics education study program at FKIP Tanjungpura University. With the results obtained are: 1) many students are ready to make a team of service implementers starting from the preparation of proposals to the hope that the product will be accepted by the ministry and other institutions that oversee it; 2) students play an active role in participating in competitions or student achievement activities and compete starting from the institutional, regional, national, and international levels. The product of the service activity is in the form of a Student Creativity Program (PKM) proposal and empirical evidence of students participating in outstanding student activities then articles made and then published in the National Journal of Community Service.

Implementation and Assistance of Halal Certificates in the Acceleration and Development of Halal Tourism Products in Indonesia and Bahrain

Halal standard products should be an integral and inseparable part of global trade and economic practices which require international standards and standard quality to gain the trust of consumers across countries. The state is present to protect its citizens in fulfilling their citizens' fundamental rights. In line with this, business actors (producers) should also provide protection to consumers. For this purpose, a more active role is required for the state in regulating the economic system, which is described in the strategy carried out by the state in carrying out business instruments, including through regulations. Halal certification-labeling not only aims to provide inner peace to Muslims but also production peace for business actors. Especially in the context of economic globalization and global markets, halal food certification and labeling is increasingly necessary. The problem formulation in this research is as follows: 1. How to implement and assist Halal certification in accelerating Halal Tourism products in Indonesia and Bahrain.2. How to implement and assist Halal Certificates in the Development of Halal Tourism Products for Indonesia and Bahrain. he objectives of this research are as follows: 1. To measure the extent of the implementation and assistance of Halal certification in accelerating Halal Tourism products in Indonesia and Bahrain. 2. To find out how to implement and support Halal Certificates in the development of Halal Tourism Products for Indonesia and Bahrain. The method stages in this research are as follows: 1. Conduct socialization about Halal Certification to MSMEs, through FGD, 2. Directing the procedures for implementing and assisting Halal Certificates in accelerating Halal Tourism products, through Technical Guidance, Workshops, FGDs and Umkm Collaboration.

Odorant-Binding and Chemosensory Proteins in Fig Wasps: Evolutionary Insights From Comparative Studies.

Fig wasps (Agaonidae; Hymenoptera) are the only pollinating insects of fig trees (Ficus; Moraceae), forming the most closely and highly specific mutualism with the host. We used transcriptome sequences of 25 fig wasps from six genera to explore the evolution of key molecular components of fig wasp chemosensory genes: odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs). We identified a total 321 OBPs and 240 CSPs, with each species recording from 6 to 27 OBP genes and 6-19 CSP genes. 318 OBP genes are clustered into 17 orthologous groups and can be divided into two groups: PBP sensitive to pheromone and GOBP sensitive to general odor molecules, such as alcohols, esters, acids, ketones, and terpenoids. 240 CSP genes are clustered into 12 orthologous groups, which can be divided into three major groups and have functions, such as olfactory, tissue formation and/or regeneration, developmental, and some specific and unknown function. The gene sequences of most orthologous groups vary greatly among species and are consistent with the phylogenetic relationships between fig wasps. Strong purifying selection of both OBP and CSP genes was detected, as shown by low ω values. A positive selection was detected in one locus in CSP1. In conclusion, the evolution of chemosensory proteins OBPs and CSPs in fig wasps is relatively conservative, and they play an indispensable role in the life activities of fig wasps. Our results provide a starting point for understanding the molecular basis of the chemosensory systems of fig wasps.

Physical activity and nutrition in relation to resilience: a cross-sectional study

A healthy lifestyle is often discussed as being a characteristic of or a prerequisite for quality of life. In phases of high subjective stress (work overload, negative thoughts), however, its protective function can be limited. The two present survey studies examined two facets of a health-related lifestyle (physical activity and nutritional awareness), in particular, the correlations with general life satisfaction and their adaptive function in respect to stress (resilience). In addition, because episodes of increased stress can have a negative effect on eating, the interactions with the consumption of less healthy food were examined. Two cross-sectional studies were conducted successively with adults aged between 18 and 72 in Germany. Study 1 (N = 685) examined the research questions with correlations, moderated regression analyses, and structural equation models. Study 2 (N = 628) differentiated between sport, occupational and daily activities. Study 1 showed that the amount of physical activity and nutritional awareness are correlated with life satisfaction. The relationship between stress appraisals and general life satisfaction was moderated by physical activity and nutritional awareness (stress-buffer effect). Study 2 replicated the stress-buffer effects of nutritional awareness, daily activities, and occupational activities. Both studies showed that stress is associated with consumption of less healthy food and found interactions with physical activity and nutritional awareness. Discussed are the adaptive role of physical activity and nutritional awareness in times of stress.Trial Registration EK UniBw M 23-06, 12/16/2022.

The significance of women’s cooperatives in promoting the sustainability of local gastronomic products: The case of Bor women’s agricultural development cooperative

Women’s cooperatives are organizations that support women in taking an active role in production and economic structure. Local products, on the other hand, are important tourist attraction elements that express the cultural structure specific to a destination. Women’s cooperatives make it possible to use local gastronomic products as sustainable and touristic attractions. It is important to include women in planning within the framework of tourism in order to provide economic returns by using the female workforce effectively and efficiently. In this regard, it is aimed at determining the awareness and views of the Bor women’s cooperative operating in the province of Niğde on the production and marketing of gastronomic products. Secondary data was used as the research method, and the survey technique, one of the quantitative research methods, was applied in the study. As a consequence of the research, it was concluded that the women working in the cooperative supported the production and marketing of local gastronomic products within the context of tourism, and some recommendations have been presented accordingly.

The opioid peptide β-endorphin interferes with the pituitary-testis axis in the Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus.

Although the involvement of β-endorphin (β-ERP) in vertebrate reproduction has been suggested, its role in testicular activity is not clear in fish. We describe the influence of β-ERP on spermatogenesis in a cichlid fish in the present paper. In comparison to the control group, the administration of β-ERP (3µg) caused a significant increase in the number of spermatogonia-A and spermatids. Following treatment with β-ERP (6µg), a significant increase in the number of spermatogonia-A was observed, whereas the numbers of all the other germ cells, excluding spermatogonia-B, significantly decreased in comparison to those in the control group. In addition, treatment of fish with 6µg β-ERP resulted in a significant reduction in the dimensions of the lumen and seminiferous lobules, the level of immunopositive androgen receptor (AR) expression in Sertoli cells, and the percentage of luteinizing hormone (LH) immunolabeled in the pituitary compared to those in the control group or the group treated with 3µg β-ERP. In contrast, the intensity of AR immunoreactivity and the percentage of LH immunolabeling were substantially increased in fish treated with 3µg β-ERP compared to those in thecontrol group. These findings reveal for the first time that a low dose of β-ERP stimulates the recruitment of spermatogonia as well as spermateleosis, whereas a high concentration affects the recruitment of germ cells prior to meiotic division in tilapia. These results suggest that β-ERP exerts modulatory effects at the testicular and hypophysial levels through alterations in AR expression and LH secretory activity, respectively, in teleosts.

Exploring micronutrient supplements in disease conditions: are they effective?

Nutrition is essential for the health and well-being of all living beings and is sourced from foods of different origins and types. Most importantly, the food must contain carbohydrates, proteins, fat, vitamins and minerals in a balanced form to achieve optimum benefits. Vitamins and minerals, also known as micronutrients, are characterised by their nature, quantity and role in normal metabolic activities. In humans, micronutrients are exclusively obtained from food or supplements. In addition, vitamin D3 is synthesized de novo with the aid of sunlight, while vitamins B and K are synthesized in the gut by the resident bacteria. Micronutrients play an important role in health and disease states and have become the most widely used dietary supplements in the world. However, how effective they are against diseases is controversial as conflicting reports continue to emerge, especially where insufficient data is available. This review highlights the important role of micronutrient supplements in the alleviation of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Data were retrieved from the literature in databases including African Journal Online, Google Scholar, PubMed and Web of Science, among others, with hits on nutrients, vitamins and mineral supplements: Only literature with relevant information from 1993-2023 (30 years) was considered. As important as these micronutrients are for health and their supplementations are generally beneficial, it is worthy of note that their role in the disease treatment is still limited by insufficient data.

Leadership Dynamics in Organizational Change: An In-Depth Exploration of Public and Private Sectors in Saudi Arabia

The study explores leadership dynamics in Saudia Arabia that have evolved organisational change focusing on public and private sectors. It examined strategies used by private firms focused on innovation and employee engagement and the bureaucratic challenges public firms face. The study has adopted qualitative analysis in which several interviews were conducted through thematic analysis. The study has also applied quantitative analysis, revealing varied perceptions of organizational change among 38 participants, with the private sector being more open, effective communication moderate, and leadership styles influencing success. The analysis has explored discussing the organizational change in Saudia Arabia. The findings explored a divergence in the organizational change strategies of private and public organizations in Saudia Arabia. Motivated by innovation and employee involvement, private enterprises differ from public organisations in terms of the bureaucratic challenges they face. Leadership has a crucial part in achieving great outcomes when leaders effectively engage in mediation, dispute resolution, and emotional management of their staff. Additionally, it was discovered that leaders played an active role in effectively managing time, fostering discipline, and highlighting employee dedication, all of which contributed to the successful implementation of organizational transformation initiatives.

Heterogeneous Domain Adaptation Framework for Logging Lithofacies Identification

Summary Reservoir lithofacies type is an important indicator of reservoir quality and oiliness, and understanding lithofacies type can help geologists and engineers make informed decisions about exploration and development activities. The use of well-log data to establish machine learning models for lithofacies identification has gained popularity; however, the assumption that data are independent identical distribution followed by these models is often unrealistic. Additionally, there is a possible incompatibility between the training and test data in terms of feature space dimensions. We propose the heterogeneous domain adaptation framework for logging lithofacies identification (HDAFLI) to address these problems. The framework comprises three main contributions: (i) The denoising autoencoder feature mapping (DAFM) module is adopted to resolve the incompatibility issue in feature space between training and test data. The connection between training and test data can be effectively established to improve the performance and generalization ability. (ii) The transferability and discriminative joint probability distribution adaptive (TDJPDA) module addresses the issue of data distribution differences. It improves the transferability of training and test data by minimizing the maximum mean difference (MMD) of the joint probabilities of the source and target domains and enhances their discriminative ability by maximizing the joint probability MMD of different lithofacies categories. (iii) Bayesian optimization is used to optimize hyperparameters in the light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) model for high computational efficiency in determining the best accuracy. We selected well-logging data from eight wells in the Pearl River Mouth Basin of the South China Sea to design four tasks and compared HDAFLI with various baseline machine learning algorithms and baseline domain adaptive algorithms. The results show that HDAFLI has the highest average accuracy among the four tasks. It is 19.76% and 8.94% higher than the best-performing baseline machine learning algorithm and baseline domain adaptive method among the comparison algorithms, respectively. For HDAFLI, we also conducted ablation experiments, time cost and convergence performance analysis, parameter sensitivity experiments, and feature visualization experiments. The results of ablation experiments show that the three modules of HDAFLI all play an active role, working together to achieve the best results. In addition, HDAFLI has a reasonable time cost, can become stable after several iterations, and has good convergence performance. The results of parameter sensitivity experiments confirm that the accuracy of HDAFLI does not change significantly with changes in hyperparameters, which is robust. The results of feature visualization experiments show that the data of the training set and the test set are concentrated together to a certain extent, which indicates that HDAFLI has completed the task of data distribution alignment very well. The findings of this study can help for a better understanding of how to address the challenge of reservoir lithofacies identification through a heterogeneous domain adaptation framework. By solving the problem of feature space incompatibility and data distribution difference between training data and test data, the application of HDAFLI provides geologists and engineers with more accurate lithofacies classification tools. This study has practical application value for reservoir quality assessment, oiliness prediction, and exploration and development decision-making.

Analysis of Efforts to Improve the Quality of Health in Kampung Sayang Ibu Anak through Exclusive Breastfeeding Ambassadors and Women's Reproductive Health in Kiarapedes Village, Purwakarta Regency, Indonesia

Kampung Sayang Ibu Anak (KSIA) is a program that aims to improve the quality of maternal and child health. One of the efforts made in KSIA is through the role of ambassador for breastfeeding and women's reproductive health. This research aims to analyze efforts to improve the quality of KSIA health through breastfeeding and women's reproductive health ambassadors in Kiarapedes Village, Purwakarta Regency, Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. The data collection techniques used were in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research results show that efforts to improve the quality of KSIA health through breastfeeding and women's reproductive health ambassadors in Kiarapedes Village have gone well. Ambassadors for breastfeeding and women's reproductive health have played an active role in providing education, counseling and assistance to pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers and adolescent girls. The education and counseling provided by breastfeeding and women's reproductive health ambassadors has increased the knowledge and understanding of pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers and adolescent girls about exclusive breastfeeding and women's reproductive health. In addition, the assistance provided by breastfeeding and women's reproductive health ambassadors has increased the self-confidence and ability of pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers and adolescent girls to care for themselves and their families. In conclusion, efforts to improve the quality of KSIA health through breastfeeding and women's reproductive health ambassadors have had a positive impact on increasing knowledge, understanding, self-confidence and abilities of pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers and adolescent girls.

CERIA: A Community Empowerment as Dementia Preventive Measure among Elderly

Background: Dementia is predicted to double in the next 15 years and causes adverse socioeconomic effects, yet the clinical therapy for dementia has not shown satisfactory results for many years. Preventive efforts involving the active role of the elderly and supported by the development of information technology are strongly needed. Method: This is a quasi-experimental study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of CERIA as community-based intervention and to increase the awareness of dementia. CERIA (Cerdas Hindari Demensia) was implemented for 32 elderlies in Pasar Minggu District, South Jakarta who were willing to participate. The interventions implemented were memory training, brain vitalization gymnastics, playing angklung, and storytelling to toddlers. We measured the pre-and post-intervention scores of the elderly using an assessment tool of dementia screening, then compared the results using Student T-test. We also created a dementia prevention manual book (Buku Panda) and built a smartphone app for educational purposes. Results: As many as 97% of the elderly have a good daily activity score and 90.9% have a good body balance. Assessment of pre-intervention cognitive function showed a mean value of 27 and increased to 29 after intervention. The pre-intervention emotional assessment showed a mean value of 1 and decreased in post-intervention to 0. Some of the most afflicted diseases of the elderlies were hypertension (30,3%) and diabetes mellitus (18,2%). Conclusion: This dementia prevention program has a strong potential to be implemented in wider scope. Further improvement involving parties such as the Ministry of Health is needed to replicate this effort.

The Effects of Physical Activity in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Qualitative Study

This qualitative study aimed to investigate the effects of physical activity habits on the developmental progress and family dynamics of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), as reported by family members. Through semi-structured interviews, the study explored the influence of physical activity on social skills, overall behaviours, and family functioning. The participants comprised 20 parents (11 females and 9 males) of children diagnosed with ASD, aged between 8 and 12 years, residing in Istanbul. The study revealed seven themes: "The Role of Physical Activities in Everyday Existence," "Regular Participation in Physical Activities," "The Frequency and Intensity of Physical Activities," "The Reaction of Children with ASD to Physical Activities," "The Effect of Physical Activities on General Behavior and Social Skills," "The Impact of Physical Activities on Family's Daily Life," and "The Effect of Physical Activities on Family Quality of Life." The findings emphasize the significance of physical activities for children with ASD, illustrating their potential to enhance social skills, emotional well-being, and overall quality of life. Additionally, these activities reduce family stress levels and enhance overall family functionality.In conclusion, based on these findings, physical activities play a vital role in the lives of children with ASD, potentially improving their social skills, emotional well-being, and overall quality of life. Moreover, engaging in such activities can alleviate family stress and enhance family functioning. These results underscore the importance of incorporating physical activities into the lives of children with ASD and provide valuable insights for designing effective intervention strategies to support their development and well-being.

Challenges and facilitators in the experience of caregiving for an older adult with traumatic brain injury: A longitudinal qualitative study in the first-year postinjury.

To obtain a better understanding of the factors which complicate or facilitate the adjustment of caregivers after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in older adults. At 4, 8, and 12 months post-TBI (mild to severe), 65 caregivers answered two open-ended questions regarding facilitators and challenges linked to the injury of their loved one. A thematic analysis was performed. Participants mentioned almost as many facilitators as challenges at each time point. Among the facilitators, we found the following themes: receiving social support, having access to rehabilitation, improvement of the injured loved one's health condition, returning to live at home, having access to home services, feeling useful, effective communication, and having time for oneself. The challenges identified were: health issues in the injured loved one, psychological impact on the caregiver, assuming a new role, relationship strain, and decrease in activities and outings. During the first year following TBI in older adults, caregivers were able to identify several facilitators despite the presence of challenging factors, suggesting effective coping and resilience. This knowledge can guide potential caregivers in their adaptation after TBI in an older adult, and we propose a simple tool to support this process. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The Impact of Social Media Marketing Activities on Value Equity, Brand Equity, and Relationship Equity in Ngarsopura Market of Surakarta

Even in Surakarta, traditional marketplaces continue to play an essential role in the commercial activities that take place in Indonesia. Because of the proliferation of digital technology, the utilization of social media in marketing endeavors has become increasingly important. On the other hand, there is currently a dearth of research about the influence that social media marketing operations have on value equity, brand equity, and customer relationship equity in traditional markets. In the Ngarsopuro Market in Surakarta, the purpose of this study is to provide an explanation of the potential social media marketing actions that have the potential to influence those three equity factors. The strategy known as Partial Least Square (PLS) is utilized as a device for doing data analysis in this study. Through the use of questionnaires, information was gathered from 230 individuals who have visited Ngarsopuro Market and have engaged in the practice of online shopping. A favorable impact on value equity, brand equity, and relationship equity has been observed at Ngarsopuro Market as a result of the utilization of social media, as demonstrated by the findings of the study. In addition, the investigation revealed that value equity, brand equity, and customer relationship equity all play a key role in the decision to make a purchase in the Ngarsopuro Market. Therefore, in order to maintain conventional markets, it is anticipated of sellers that they would make more efficient use of social media, give relevant information about their products, and increase consumer loyalty.

EFFECT OF CULTIVARS AND HARVEST DATES ON SOME TRAITS OF YIELD IN RICE

A field experiment was carried out at Rice Researches Station in Mashkhab, Najaf in 2020 and 2021 seasons to study the effect of cultivars and harvest date on some traits of rice yield. Randomized complete block design was applied within split-plot with four replications. Five cultivars of rice (Amber 33, Yasmin, Dijlah, Amber-albaraka and Furat 1) were distributed in the main plots and five harvest dates (harvest at physiological maturity and harvest after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of physiological maturity) in the sub-plots. The results showed significant difference among cultivars, and superiority cultivars of Dijlah, Furat 1 and Yasmin in recording the highest yield due to its superiority in number of grains per panicle or weight of grain. It can be concluded that traits of grain number in panicle and weight of 1000-grain were among the most influential traits in determining the grain yield, and date of harvest plays an active role in determining the traits of yield. Third harvest date was the best in grain yield, and early harvest before that date would cause loss of yield for all cultivars due to the high grain moisture, and delay after that date would cause a loss of yield as a result of shattering ratio of grain, in addition to difference of cultivars in recording shattering ratio according to harvest date. It can be recommended planting cultivars of Dijlah, Furat 1 and Yasmin, as they achieved the highest yield, and considering the harvest date 14 days after physiological maturity the best date to obtain the highest grain yield.

Study of the Influence of Online Games on Adolescent Psychology in Parungponteng District: Analysis of Intensity of Use, Type of Game, and Psychological Impact

This research aims to examine the influence of online games on adolescent psychology in Parungponteng District. By collecting data from 30 respondents through questionnaires, this research analyzed the intensity of game use, the types of games played, and the psychological impact of online game addiction on teenagers. The research results show that teenagers tend to spend an average of 15 hours per week playing online games, with the majority choosing Role-Playing Games (RPG) and Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) games. The psychological impacts of online gaming addiction include a lack of interest in other activities and feelings of anxiety when unable to play. The implications of this research include educational awareness of game use, development of educational games, the active role of parents and educators, as well as the development of time management skills.

Analysis of Students' Communication Politeness Capabilities Towards Lecturers in an Academic Environment: Case Study at FKIP Universitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya

This research investigates students' polite communication skills towards lecturers in an academic environment. Data was collected through observations and interviews with students from the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program at FKIP Universitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya. The main finding is that most students tend to use less polite language in communication with lecturers, including the use of slang, non-compliance with communication ethics, and lack of use of polite words such as "thank you." Factors such as the living environment and relationships outside campus influence student communication patterns. The modern era of technology and easy access to digital content has also influenced their communication practices. This influence has the potential to damage the campus' reputation and create disharmony in the academic environment. Awareness of the importance of language politeness and the active role of educational institutions and lecturers in providing guidance on communication ethics can help create a more conducive academic environment.

What is a Good Mother of Children with Autism? A Cross-Cultural Comparison Between the U.S. and Japan.

This study compared the characteristics of 'good mothers' of children with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) as perceived by mothers of children with ASD in two countries-the U.S. and Japan. Grounded in the theory of culturally-influenced construal of the self, we hypothesized that U.S. mothers would prioritize fostering self-reliance and advocating for their child's well-being while Japanese mothers would prioritize maintaining close and harmonious relationships with their child. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 52 U.S. and 51 Japanese mothers of children with ASD about the characteristics of a good mother of a child with ASD (GMA) and characteristics of a good mother in general (GMG) and compared the frequencies of 'good mother' categories emerging from thematic analysis. Mothers of children with ASD in both countries viewed guiding children as the most important characteristic for both GMG and GMA. As hypothesized, U.S mothers tended to emphasize a mother's active role in advocating for her children, getting her child services and intervention, and educating herself about ASD. In contrast, Japanese mothers tended to value a mother's ability to accept her child, know her child well, and provide adequate support for her child based on a child-oriented perspective. The mother's role of advocating for her child and educating herself emerged more frequently in responses regarding GMA than GMG in the U.S. sample. The study revealed cultural differences in characterization of GMA, suggesting that more indirect models of instruction may be effective for different cultural groups.