Activation Of Lipid Peroxidation Processes Research Articles

Correlation between molecules, which reflect malfunctioning of cellular respiration, degree of oxidative stress, and glycated hemoglobin in retinopaties with type 2 diabetes

Introduction. The pathogenetic role of biochemical changes in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is undoubted and determines the importance of studies that reveal metabolic disorders of both individual molecules and show the relationships between them. Because of some commonalities between tissue respiration, monosaccharide and tryptophan exchange, and activation of lipid peroxidation (LP), there is an interest in studying the relationship between metabolites of these pathways in retinopathy.Aim. The aim is to study the content of metabolites of the kynurenic pathway and intermediate product of lipid peroxidation in blood, and to reveal the correlation between them and glycated hemoglobin’s (HbA1c) level in retinopathy with type 2 diabetes.Materials and methods. The 1st group (control group) included 21 healthy people; the 2nd group included 21 people with «prediabetes», the 3rd group - 21 patients with type 2 diabetes, the 4th group - 63 people with type 2 diabetes and diabetic retinopathy (DR) of varying severity levels. The content of kynurenines in the blood plasma (kynurenine (KYN), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HKYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA)) of all participants, as well as the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography using a Shimadzu LC-20 chromatograph (Japan). The level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was determined using Beckman Coulter AU 480 (USA) biochemical analyzer. The results were calculated using Jamovi program version 2.3.Results. In the group of people with «prediabetes», the values of all studied parameters in the blood plasma were increased in comparison with the control group. In the group of patients with type 2 diabetes, the levels of KYN, 3- НKYN and MDA significantly exceeded those in the group of people with «prediabetes». In the group of people with DR, all indicators remained high, the values of 3-НKYN and KYNA showed a statistical difference compared to the group of patients with diabetes. When conducting a correlation analysis, corellations were identified between the level of HbA1c on the one hand and the values of KYN (r=0.77; p ˂ 0.001), concentrations of 3-НKYN (r=0.80; p ˂ 0.001), KYNA (r= 0.72; p ˂ 0.001) and MDA (r=0.84; p ˂ 0.001) – on the other. There was a correlation between HbA1c level and fundus scale (r=0.82; p ˂ 0.001) and between concentrations (of 3-HKYN) and MDA (r=0.50; p=0.002).Conclusion. An increased level of glycosylated hemoglobin and lipid peroxidation products in the blood during retinopathy against the background of type 2 diabetes, an increase in the concentrations of KYN, 3-HKYN, KYNA, and the presence of correlations between these indicators serve as the basis for proving the relationship of uncontrolled hyperglycemia with changes in cellular respiration and the development of oxidative stress. Hypoxic effects and the accumulation of intermediate metabolic products of the kynurenine pathway contribute to progressive neurovascular damage to the retina, activation of lipid peroxidation processes and inflammation.

Changes in the oxidative-antioxidant status of blood in freestyle wrestlers under the influence of physical exertion

Purpose of the study: to evaluate the “lipid peroxidation-antioxidant protection” system in freestyle wrestlers under the influence of intense physical activity in order to identify the nature of oxidative processes and the antioxidant status of the athletes’ body.Materials and methods: the study involved athletes — freestyle wrestlers, boys 18–22 years old, with sports qualifications: candidate master of sports or master of sports, regularly involved in freestyle wrestling. The control group consisted of students who did not have a sports category and were not involved in sports activities, comparable in gender, age, weight category with the comparison group.  The material for the study was plasma and red blood cells. Blood sampling from athletes was carried out twice, at the end of the preparatory and competitive periods, in the morning, on an empty stomach from the ulnar vein, in accordance with generally accepted requirements. Components of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense were determined using spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods.Results: it was found that in athletes after intense physical activity (competitive period), there is a significantly significant decrease in substrates with double bonds by 61 %, primary products by 59 % and intermediate products by 44 %, an increase in the final products of lipid peroxidation by 25 % against the background of inhibition activity of antioxidant protection components: retinol by 40 %, superoxide dismutase by 7 % and reduced glutathione by 11 %.Conclusion: The level of free radical processes increases during physical activity due to the accumulation of oxygen in organs and tissues, and depends on the intensity and duration of the exercise. In the course of the study, it was established that the preparatory and competitive periods, in comparison with the control group, among freestyle wrestlers, depending on the previous level of physical activity, are characterized by activation of lipid peroxidation processes and inhibition of enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of antioxidant protection. The established changes are recommended to be taken into account when conducting comprehensive rehabilitation of athletes, when developing recommendations for improving the training process, as well as when using antioxidant complexes for athletes aimed at restoring various parts of the body’s antioxidant defense.  

DYNAMICS OF LIPID PEROXIDATION PROCESSES AND DEVELOPMENT OF PULMONARY EDEMA FOLLOWING ACUTE BLOOD LOSS OF VARYING SEVERITY AND ITS MITIGATION

Acute blood loss stands as a primary contributor to fatalities among individuals with severe trauma. While balanced crystalloids and antioxidants are used for corrective measures, their impact on lung condition after acute blood loss remains inadequately explored. This study aims at elucidating the shifts in lipid peroxidation processes and the progression of pulmonary edema in response to varying degrees of acute blood loss and to assess the effectiveness of correction by using balanced crystalloids in combination with 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate. Materials and methods. Acute blood loss of 1 and 2% of body weight was modeled in the experiments on rats and to assess the efficacy of its correction by using lactated Ringer’s solution separately and in combination with 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate. We determined the levels of reagents reacting with thiobarbituric acid in lung parenchyma and bronchoalveolar lavage, as well as the index of pulmonary edema at intervals of 1, 3, and 7 days during the post-traumatic period. Results. Our findings revealed that the simulation of acute blood loss at 2% of body weight resulted in significantly greater increases in lipid peroxidation processes in both lung parenchyma and bronchoalveolar lavage when compared to rats simulating blood loss at 1% of their body weight. Starting from the 3rd day of the experiment, this also led to a higher index of pulmonary edema. The administration of lactated Ringer's solution in a 1:1 ratio relative to the volume of lost blood, in combination with 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate, produced statistically significant improvements in the examined parameters compared to rats receiving an equivalent dose of lactated Ringer's solution alone. Conclusions. Acute blood loss equivalent to 2% of body weight leads to a more pronounced activation of lipid peroxidation processes in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage, accompanied by an increase in the pulmonary edema index when compared to blood loss equivalent to 1% of body weight. The combined administration of lactated Ringer's solution and 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate yields a more substantial corrective effect compared to rats treated solely with lactated Ringer's solution.

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE EFFECT OF ANTIULCER DRUGS AND PLACENTA CRYOEXTRACT ON THE INTENSITY OF LIPID PEROXIDATION AND THE ACTIVITY OF THE ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM IN EXPERIMENTAL HEPATITIS WITH ETHANOL-INDUCED CIRRHOSIS

Introduction. It is well recognized that drug metabolism products in the liver can induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to the development of hepatocellular injury. As a potential agent capable of counteracting the hepatotoxic effects of drugs, we focused our attention on a domestic biotechnological preparation – cryopreserved placental extract (CPE).
 The aim. To characterize gender differences in the effect of esomeprazole, clarithromycin, metronidazole (E/C/M), and CPE on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and the activity of the antioxidant system in tetrachloromethane (CCl4) hepatitis with a background of ethanol-induced cirrhosis (ETCM).
 Materials and methods. The study was conducted with varying levels of sex hormones on 112 male and female rats. Chronic ETCM was induced by administering a 50.0% oil solution of CCl4 at a dose of 8 ml/kg body weight of the animals twice a week, in combination with a 5.0% ethanol solution for drinking over a period of 45 days. The content of TBA-RP in liver homogenates was determined spectrophotometrically by the method described by Asakawa T. et al. Catalase activity in liver homogenates was determined spectrophotometrically according to the method of Korolyuk M.A. and co-authors.
 Results. The most pronounced increase in lipid peroxidation processes was observed in females with chronic ETCM-induced liver damage and administration of antiulcer drugs following ovariectomy, resulting in a TBA-RS content of 36.1±2.79 μmol/kg of tissue. Administration of E/C/M in animals with chronic liver damage led to a suppression of the antioxidant system, as evidenced by a decrease in catalase activity in liver tissues.
 Conclusion. The combined use of anti-ulcer drugs and CPE on the background of chronic ETCM mitigated the activation of lipid peroxidation processes, which was indicated by a statistically significant (p < 0.001) 2.7-fold lower content of TBA-RP in liver homogenates. Additionally, it was established that the administration of CPE was accompanied by a statistically significant increase in catalase activity in females, more prominently than in males. In females without changes in hormonal status, the introduction of CPE resulted in a growth (p < 0.001) of catalase activity by 75.0%, with the most significant increase observed in females after ovariectomy – catalase activity statistically significantly (p < 0.001) increased by 2.6 times compared to the indicators of females not administered with CPE. The administration of CPE in female rats without altering hormonal status was accompanied by a twofold (p < 0.01) increase in the antioxidant-prooxidant index compared to male rats, indicating more pronounced antioxidant properties of CPE in female rats.

The Level of Lipid Peroxidation Products and Medium-Molecular-Weight Peptides in Adolescents with Obesity

Background: The aim of this research was to study the plasma content of lipid peroxidation products and MMWP in obese adolescents. Materials and Methods: The studies were conducted on 19 adolescent girls and 18 adolescent boys with an established diagnosis of exogenous constitutional obesity of the first degree. Twenty-four adolescent girls and 20 adolescent boys made up control groups. All adolescents were subjected to general clinical examination, including anamnestic data collection, physical examination, anthropometric data analysis, and nutritional status assessment. The content of primary, secondary, and final LPO products was evaluated, as well as MMWP absorbing at wavelengths 238, 254, and 280 nm by the spectrophotometric method. Results. The group of obese adolescent girls, compared to the control, showed lower values of secondary LPO (TBARs) (p=0.022) and elevated levels of MMWP-238 (p<0.0001) and MMWP-280 (p=0.03). The group of obese adolescent boys, compared to the control, showed higher values of secondary LPO products (KD and CT) (p=0.042) and elevated levels of MMWP-238 (p=0.03). Conclusion: The obtained data demonstrate the presence of activation of lipid peroxidation processes at the stage of secondary products in adolescent boys and endogenous intoxication in obese adolescents, regardless of gender. The need to monitor and correct these indicators in adolescent patients with obesity should be an important component of pathogenetic treatment.

Changes in the parameters of pro-oxidant–antioxidant balance in the brain of rats with stepwise incomplete cerebral ischemia

Objective: to evaluate the activity of oxidative stress in rats with stepwise incomplete cerebral ischemia (SICI). Material and methods. Experiments were performed on 24 male outbred rats weighing 260±20 g, allocated into 3 subgroups (6 animals in each) based on time of ligation of both common carotid arteries (CCA). The control group comprised of sham-operated rats of the same sex and similar weights (n=6). To identify the pro-oxidant–antioxidant state of the brain based on its homogenates, the activity of lipid peroxidation processes, the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), total thiol groups (TSH), and the activity of glutathione peroxidase were determined. Results. SICI with ligation interval of both CCAs of 1 day and 3 days led to a significant decrease in the total SH groups of proteins and glutathione by 30% (p=0.038) and 46% (p=0.044), respectively, TBARS concentration by 29% (p=0.038) and 31% (p=0.043), respectively. SICI with the maximum interval between CCA ligations was manifested by less pronounced changes in the pro-oxidant–antioxidant state of the brain. Conclusion. In SICI with ligation of both CCAs 7 days apart, at which histological changes were the least pronounced, changes in the pro-oxidant–antioxidant balance were insignificant. The most pronounced disorders of the pro-oxidant–antioxidant balance in the brain were observed in the subgroup with the minimum interval between CCA ligations, which implied the highest activity of oxidative stress.

CHANGES IN THE SENSORIMOTOR CORTEX OF THE RAT BRAIN UNDER THE MODELING OF HEMORRHAGIC STROKE.

The aim: To assess the structural and metabolic changes in the sensorimotor cortex of the rat brain under conditions of hemorrhagic stroke. Materials and methods: The experiment was carried out on rats of the control and experimental groups with a model of hemorrhagic stroke. We used histological, electron microscopic, biochemical methods and biological markers. Results: In the sensorimotor cortex of the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere of rats under conditions of hemorrhagic stroke, cerebral edema and progression of neurodegenerative changes were observed; an increase in the size of mitochondria, which is caused by edema of their matrix; activation of lipid peroxidation processes and a decrease in the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant system, a decrease in the level of apoptosis markers and inhibition of ERK1/2 expression. The study of DNA fragmentation in the cerebral cortex revealed a significant number of manifestations of necrosis and an insignificant number of cells in a state of apoptosis. Conclusions: after modelling a hemorrhagic stroke in the right hemisphere of the brain, perivascular and pericellular edema of the energy apparatus, cell death by necrosis and apoptosis, and activation of lipid peroxidation processes were established as well as a decrease in the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant system.

Role of cryopreserved placenta extract in prevention and treatment of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Background/Aim: Drug-induced liver injury is one of the major causes of acute liver failure. Under current circumstances of the pandemic of COVID-19, the use of paracetamol which has a proven hepatotoxic effect has increased. This prompts the search for novel agents with hepatoprotective properties. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of cryoextract of the placenta (CEP) on the model of paracetamol-induced hepatitis. Methods: The study was performed on 28 male rats. Acute drug liver damage was modelled by intragastric administration of paracetamol twice at a dose of 1250 mg/kg. Results: The development of paracetamol-induced hepatitis in rats was accompanied by a 71.3 % increase (p < 0.001) in the content of active products of thiobarbituric acid (TBA-AP) in liver homogenates as compared with intact animals. Besides, there was a 2.1-fold (p < 0.001) increase of ALT activity, a 58.8 % increase (p < 0.001) of AST activity and a 4.2-fold (p < 0.001) increase of the concentration of total bilirubin as compared with intact rats. The use of cryopreserved placenta extract showed significant hepatoprotection in a rat model of paracetamol-induced hepatitis. This was demonstrated by a 2.3-fold (p < 0.01) increase of the antioxidant-prooxidant index, a significant (p < 0.001) decrease of activity of ALT (by 44.0 %) and AST (by 29.6 %), as well as by a decrease of direct bilirubin level by 52.5 % (p < 0.001) in animals treated with CEP as compared with rats without treatment. Conclusion: The development of acute paracetamol-induced hepatitis in rats was associated with activation of lipid peroxidation processes in liver tissues, while CEP showed marked hepatoprotective activity in paracetamol-induced hepatitis in rats.

Спіруліна в оздоровленні дітей з підвищеним рівнем свинцю в крові

Introduction. According to literary data, almost one in three children in the world has a blood lead concentration (BLC) of more than 5μg/ dL. This value is the threshold for initiating clinical intervention according to WHO recommendations. At this BLC threshold (referred to as the ‘public health intervention concentration’) public health action is recommended in the USA, Australia, France, England. In Ukraine, there are no programs of this scale yet. Scientific work in this direction is rare. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of spirulina in improving the metabolic status in Ukrainian children with elevated BLC. Materials and methods. 33 random children aged 7 to 15 years were examined. The lead content in venous blood was detected by atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization. Indicators of morphological and biochemical blood tests were determined by generally accepted methods. Results. About 30% of the children had BLC ≥ 5μg/dL. They had a lower content of hemoglobin and red blood cells, activation of lipid peroxidation processes and a decrease in antioxidant protection reserves compared to children with lower BLCs. According to the WHO recommendations, the children with BLC ≥ 5μg/dL underwent nutritional intervention. As a nutritional supplement, spirulina was used according to the scheme: the first 10 days – 0.5 g 2 times a day, then 1 g 2 times a day for another 20 days. As a result, BLC significantly decreased from 7.56±0.20 to 6.26±0.57 μg/dL, hemoglobin increased from 126.91±2.15 to 137.46±1.46g/L, blood red cells increased from 4.02±0.07 to 4.39±0.05 T/L. The content of diene conjugants decreased from 20.46±1.71 to 13.82±1.27 μmol/L, and the number of sulfhydryl groups increased from 0.93±0.15 to 1.40±0.11μmol/L. The thiol-disulfide ratio increased 1.7 times. Conclusions. Spirulina contributes to the removal of lead from the body and helps to improve the metabolic status in children with elevated BLC. This allows us to recommend this dietary supplement for the rehabilitation of children undergoing environmental lead pressure.

МОРФОБИОХИМИЧЕСКИЙ СТАТУС ЛАКТИРУЮЩИХ КОРОВ В ДИНАМИКЕ РАЗВИТИЯ СУБКЛИНИЧЕСКОГО МАСТИТА

In the article the biochemical and morphological blood indicators of lactating cows in the dynamics of the development of subclinical mastitis are discussed. The features of the manifestation of immune reactions of the body of cows during the development of the inflammatory process in the mammary gland were studied. It has been proven that significant changes occur in the homeostasis of sick animals, characterized by the occurrence of a strong inflammatory reaction, against the background of activation of lipid peroxidation processes and an increase in endogenous intoxication.

Effect of statins on oxidative stress and cognitive function in patients with cerebral atherosclerosis: results of a prospective cohort study

The widespread use of statins for cardiovascular complications prevention makes it important to study their effects on the body. There is still no unambiguous opinion regarding the effect of statins on cognitive functions (CF). Objective : to evaluate the effect of a 12-week course of statins on the parameters of oxidative stress and CF in patients with cerebral atherosclerosis (CA) and moderate cognitive impairment. Patients and methods . 106 patients aged 45–75 years with CA and vascular risks were included, they received stable therapy for 12 weeks, including antihypertensive, nootropic drugs, antiplatelet agents and statins with stable dose and combination of drugs. At baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment, parameters of oxidative stress using Fe2+-induced chemiluminescence and cognitive phenotype, using the MoCA test, including MoCA indices, were assessed in two groups of patients: treated with statins (group 1; n=34) and those who did not receive statins (group 2; n=72). Results and discussion . In patients of group 1, more pronounced manifestations of oxidative stress and lower initial values of CF indicators were revealed. The therapy made it possible to achieve an improvement in cognitive performance in all patients, but an improvement in oxidative performance was only in group 1. The positive effect of statins on CF was manifested as a significant increase in attention- (by 1.5 points versus 0.1 points; p<0.05) and memory- (by 0.9 points against 0.2 points; p<0.05) indicators; and on the oxidative status – an increase of the indicator of resistance of lipoproteins to lipid peroxidation (LPO) by 25.9 sec vs. 3.5 sec (p<0.05) and a decrease in the activity of LPO processes (-13.6 mV vs. 39.1 mV; p<0.05). Conclusion . The 3 month therapeutic course of statins in patients with CA and vascular risks helps to reduce the manifestations of oxidative stress and improve attention and mnestic function.

Correlative relations of malnutrition and redox homeostasis disorders in allergic enteropathy in dogs with severe gi syndrome

Malnutrition syndrome is widespread in allergic enteropathy in dogs, causing a violation of absorption and transport of nutrient substrates in the intestinal mucosa, which serves as a trigger for subsequent metabolic changes in the gastrointestinal system, affecting hepatocytes through the activation of lipid peroxidation processes and the development of shifts in the redex system. homeostasis. As a result of biochemical and morphological studies of the blood of sick animals with allergic enteropathy with severe gastrointestinal syndrome, a violation of metabolic processes was established (T-Pro - 59.46±0.32 g/l and 63.34±0.53 g/l; ALB - 19.71±0.64 g/l and 18.56±0.50 g/l; GLB - 39.75±0.82 g/l and 44.78±0.96 g/l; A/G - 0.49±0.06 and 0.41±0.08; RBC - 5.85±0.17×1012/l and 5.67±0.16×1012/l; Na - 134.50±6.10 mmol/l and 130.80±5.97 mmol/l, K - 3.43±0.10 mmol/l and 3.40±0.09 mmol/l, Ca - 2.15±0.07 mmol/l and 2.13±0.06 mmol/l), redox homeostasis (ALT - 108.95±11.00 U/l and 115.73±9.39 U/l; AST - 62.90±6.05 U/l and 60.30±5.80 U/l; ALP - 196.05±19.20 U/l and 210.20±23.91U/l) due to activation of lipid peroxidation processes (MDA - 23.10±1.06 µmol/ml and 24.25±1.40 µmol/ml; DK - 1.08±0.15 uA/ml and 1.15±0.09 uA/ml) and antioxidant potential depletion (CT - 0.54±0.02 Bach units and 0.55±0.03 Bach units; SOD - 18.23±1.59 EU/mg protein per minute and 19.98±1.91 EU/mg protein per minute; GSH-Px - 26.69±2.46 µmol/ml and 28.31±3.02 µmol/ml; Vitamin A - 0.66±0.05 mcg/ml and 0.59±0.03 mcg/m; Vitamin E - 8.49±0.90 mcg/ml and 7.87±0.98 mcg/ml). The presence of direct correlations between the level of trophological disorders due to the development of intestinal malabsorption syndrome and the degree of redox homeostasis disorders was revealed.

Diagnostic markers of early metabolic disorders in workers of an oil-producing enterprise

The oil industry is a significant component of the industry of Bashkortostan. The complex of harmful factors for oil production workers includes industrial noise, vibration, exposure to harmful substances, the severity and intensity of work, unfavorable microclimate conditions. The researchers conditionally divide production factors of chemical nature into natural chemicals that are part of oil and associated gases (hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, mercaptans), and substances used to enhance oil recovery, preparation, transportation of oil and gas (reagents, acids, surfactants, methanol, welding aerosols). There is a role of changes in metabolic processes at the level of cells and subcellular structures in the development of pathological processes under the influence of harmful production factors in a number of studies. The study aims to substantiate the markers of early metabolic disorders in employees of an oil-producing enterprise. We conducted a study of metabolic processes in 340 oil production workers. The researchers represented the professional production groups by drillers (35.3%), operators of underground well repair (64.7%). The authors carried out characteristics of the factors of the working environment and the labor process of oil-producing industries in accordance with R 2.2.2006-05. The researchers also performed biochemical studies of the parameters of the lipid spectrum of blood serum, free radical processes and endogenous intoxication. The level of exposure to the average concentrations of the chemical factor at the workplaces of drillers and operators of underground well repair corresponds to classes 2-3.1. The influence of harmful production factors causes metabolic disorders in the body of oil production workers in the form of a violation of the lipid spectrum (an increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides), changes in the activity of cytolytic enzymes (GGT, AST, ALT), activation of lipid peroxidation processes, a decrease in catalase activity, an increase in the level of medium-molecular peptides in blood serum, which confirms the presence of endogenous intoxication syndrome in the examined workers. The impact of harmful production factors on the body of oil production workers causes metabolic disorders in the body and dictates the need for a complex of biochemical studies for the early diagnosis of prenosological processes and timely preventive measures.

Chemiluminescence analysis of free radical processes in seminal plasma of men with pathospermia who have undergone COVID-19 infection

Introduction. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, it seems relevant to study the clinical features and the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the reproductive system and male fertility.The study objective was to assess the intensity of oxidative processes in the seminal plasma of men with pathozoospermia after suffering a COVID-19 infection.Materials and methods. Spermogram parameters were assessed in accordance with the criteria of the 2010 WHO Guidelines, 5th edition, for the study and processing of human ejaculate two to three months after the patient received a negative polymerase chain reaction result of a nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 DNA. The intensity of free radical processes in seminal plasma was investigated by the method of chemiluminescence induced by ions of bivalent iron. Results. A decrease in sperm motility and an increase in the number of leukocytes were found in men with pathozoospermia who had undergone COVID-19 infection. There are lower levels of indicators such as ejaculate volume, total sperm concentration and the number of morphologically normal sperm forms. An increased ability to generate reactive oxygen species in seminal plasma was revealed in pathozoospermia and COVID-19.Conclusions. The results obtained indicate that SARS-CoV-2 affects the male reproductive system directly or indirectly and has a negative effect on male reproductive health, causing the activation of lipid peroxidation processes and spermatogenic insufficiency.

PATHOGENETIC ASPECTS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS

The aim: Was to study the state of the nitric oxide system, LPO and antioxidant system in the body of experimental animals in simulated metabolic syndrome. The aim of the study was to study the state of the nitric oxide system, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in the body of experimental animals in simulated MS. Materials and methods: The study was performed on 20 white male Wistar rats. Male control rats (n = 10) were fed a normal control diet. Male rats of the main group (n = 10) were fed a diet high in fat (over 60 % energy from fats) for 16 weeks, thus modeling the development of MS. The indicators of the prooxidant and antioxidant system, as well as the nitric oxide system were determined by photospectrographic method. Results: In animals with simulated MS, intensification of lipoperoxidation (statistically significantly higher level of TBA-active products 1.84 times), depletion of antioxidant protection (statistically significantly lower level of superoxide dismutase 2 times), activation of nitric oxide system (statistically significantly higher NO-synthase level 2.15 times) were found compared with intact animals. Conclusions: In animals with simulated MS, activation of lipid peroxidation processes, depletion of antioxidant protection and increased

COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS SCHEMES OF IMMUNOREHABILITATION IN INFERTILITY OF TUBOPERITONEAL GENESIS

The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of various pharmacotherapy regimens for infertility of tubo-peritoneal genesis. Under constant supervision were 96 patients referred to the hospital for diagnostic laparoscopy for infertility of tubo-peritoneal genesis, divided equally into 4 groups depending on the pharmacological treatment methods: the 1st group received basic pharmacotherapy (BPT) after endoscopic surgery (antibacterial, antifungal, vitamin therapy). Patients of groups 2-4, in addition to BPT, received Hepon, Cycloferon or Lavomax, respectively. The control group consisted of 38 gynecologically healthy women. Laboratory examination was performed within 24 hours after the operation and on the 30th day after BPT. Vaginocervical lavage and plasma were assayed for the activity of lipid peroxidation processes, the state of the antioxidant system, the level of stable nitric oxide metabolites, neopterin, C-reactive protein, cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-8, IFNγ, IL-18, G-CSF, IL-4, IL-10), immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgA, sIgA), components of the complement system (C3, C4, C5, C5А), phagocytic and oxygen-dependent activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It was established that the use of immunomodulatory and antiviral activity medication with BPT according to the degree of increasing efficiency in the correction of immunometabolic laboratory parameters at the systemic and local level in infertility of tuboperitoneal genesis is as the following sequence: basic pharmacotherapy < basic pharmacotherapy + Hepon < basic pharmacotherapy + Cycloferon < basic pharmacotherapy + Lavomax. 

CONTENT OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LIPID PEROXIDATION PRODUCTS IN SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS OF CARDIOMYOCYTES DURING MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN RATS IN AN EXPERIMENT AND THEIR CORRECTION BY TRANSPLANTATION OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS

Experimental modeling of myocardial infarction in rats was carried out by ligation of the anterior intergastric artery after the first division. There were 3 groups of 20 animals each: control group I — to verify normal parameters, group II — a model of myocardial infarction, and group III — animals which, after modeling myocardial infarction, underwent transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells. The level of lipid peroxidation products — diene conjugates and malondialdehyde — was studied by spectrophotometry. Comparison of the content and their ratio in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of myocardiocytes was carried out. It turned out that transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells significantly levels the activation of lipid peroxidation processes in subcellular fractions of cardiomyocytes, which is accompanied by a decrease in the primary and secondary products of oxidative stress. The ratio of malondialdehyde to diene conjugates both in the cytoplasm and in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes after transplantation returned to control values. This indicates the normalization of physiological processes with underlying ischemic heart damage. The results indicate the cytoprotective effect of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation and the preservation of a larger number of cell pools, compared with the control group of animals that did not receive any treatment.

Features of lipid peroxidation processes and antioxidant protection system in pregnant women with type I diabetes mellitus and their newborns

The objective: to determine the characteristics of lipid peroxidation processes and the antioxidant defense system in pregnant women with type I diabetes mellitus and their newborns. Materials and methods. 160 patients at 12–41 weeks of gestation were examined. The main group included 110 pregnant women with type I diabetes mellitus, the control group – 50 healthy pregnant patients. Evaluation of lipid peroxidation activity was determined by the content of diene conjugates, lipid hydroperoxide, malondialdehyde in blood serum and erythrocytes, superoxideanion O2 in blood plasma. Results. Analysis of the results in patients with diabetes mellitus showed a significant activation of lipid peroxidation processes. In the first half of pregnancy, the content of lipid hydroperoxide, malondialdehyde of plasma and erythrocytes, as well as superoxide anion in patients with diabetes mellitus was higher than in healthy pregnant women. In the second half, all lipid peroxidation indicators in patients with diabetes mellitus exceeded the corresponding indicators in healthy pregnant women. The dynamics of antioxidant defense system indices in diabetes mellitus indicates a compensatory tension of its main links with a subsequent decrease in their activity, in contrast to healthy pregnant women, where the antioxidant defense system activity increases adequately to the growth of lipid peroxidation activity. Conclusion. Disorders in the lipid peroxidation system in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus should be regarded as such that negatively affect the development and functioning of the fetoplacental complex. The results indicate the need to include the pregnant women with diabetes mellitus in the risk group of the placental dysfunction development, with the aim of its timely prevention, thereby reducing perninatal morbidity and mortality.

Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in patients with kidney cancer

Purpose of the study: to assess the state of lipid peroxidation processes in patients with kidney cancer in relation to the clinical factors of the prognosis of the disease and against the background of surgical intervention.Material and methods. For the study, we used blood plasma samples from 300 patients with kidney cancer T1–4N 0–1M0–1, obtained before surgery and 8–9 days after surgery. Oxidative stress was assessed by the intensity of free radical processes by the method of induced biochemiluminescence on the BKhL-07 biochemiluminometer apparatus (Medozons Co., Russia), the activity of lipid peroxidation processes was assessed by the accumulation of initial products in the blood plasma – diene conjugates (DC), triene conjugates (TC) and fial Schiff bases (OSh) according to I. A. Volchegorsky et al. method. (1989). Statistical processing of the results was carried out using Statistica 12 and Microsoft Offie Excel 2010 programs.Results. In patients with kidney cancer, there was a decrease in the level of DC, an increase in OSh and the ratio of Osh / (DC + TC) compared with the control (p ≤ 0.05), against the background of depletion of the resources of the antioxidant defense system. The content of DC did not differ from the norm with the size of the primary tumor of the kidney pT1–pT2 and decreased (p ≤ 0.05) in the case of the presence of the tumor pT3–pT4. At the same time, there was an increase in the OSh content (p ≤ 0.05). In patients with thrombi in the inferior vena cava system, a decrease in the level of DC was observed (p ≤ 0.05), the OSh level did not differ from that of healthy individuals. In the postoperative period, there was an increase in the content of DC (p ≤ 0.05) and a decrease in the Osh / (DC + TC) coeffiient (p ≤ 0.05) compared with the initial level.Conclusion. Kidney cancer is accompanied by the activation of free radical oxidation processes against the background of depletion of the resources of the antioxidant defense system. Changes in the pro-antioxidant homeostasis are interrelated with the size of the primary tumor and the presence of a tumor thrombus. In the postoperative period, the activity of free radical oxidation processes in the patient’s body decreases.

Correlation of Oxidative Stress and Hepatoprivial Syndrome in Dogs with Comorbidity of Babesiosis and Dirofilariasis

The comorbidity of babesiosis and dirofilariasis in dogs is an important clinical problem, despite the significant achievements of recent years in understanding the pathogenesis of this mixed invasion. It has been established that the leading pathogenetic component in the development of the cytolytic syndrome with this comorbidity in dogs is oxidative stress resulting from the mismatch of the prooxidant and antioxidant resources of the cell under the influence of Babesia canis parasitism. On the basis of morphological, biochemical and ultrasonographic studies, a direct correlation was found between oxidative stress and hepatoprivial syndrome in dogs with comorbidity of babesiosis and dirofilariasis. Hepatoprivial syndrome was accompanied by the development of hypochromic anaemia, leukocytosis, hyperproteinemia, hypoglycemia, a disorder of pigment metabolism and an increase in the catalytic activity of serum enzymes, which indicated a violation of the metabolic activity of the liver and damage to its parenchyma. The activation of lipid peroxidation processes in the hepatocytes contributed to an increase in the catalytic activity of the blood serum enzymes in sick animals, and to a decrease in the antioxidant defence of sick dogs, due to a relative decrease in the level of vitamin A in the blood. Thus, the comorbidity of babesiosis and dirofilariasis in dogs enhances the oxidative syndrome that underlies the pathogenetic mechanisms of this mixed invasion, thereby increasing the degree of involvement in the pathological process of the liver, which is manifested by hepatoprivial syndrome.
 Keywords: oxidative stress, hepatoprivial syndrome, dirofilariasis, babesiosis, mixtinvasion, dogs