ACTIVA BioACTIVE Research Articles

Methacrylate peak determination and selection recommendations using ATR-FTIR to investigate polymerisation of dental methacrylate mixtures.

Investigation of polymerisation kinetics using ATR-FTIR systems is common in many dental studies. However, peak selection methods to calculate monomer-polymer conversion can vary, consequently affecting final results. Thus, the aim of this study is to experimentally confirm which method is less prone to systematic errors. Three commercial restorative materials were tested–Vertise Flow (VF), Constic and Activa Bioactive Restorative Kids. Firstly, Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infra-Red (ATR-FTIR) (Spectrum One, Perkin-Elmer, UK) spectra of monomers were acquired—10-methacryloyloxy decyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP), bisphenol-A glycidyl dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), triethyelene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) to investigate proportionality of methacrylate peak heights versus concentration. Spectral changes upon light exposure of 2 mm discs of the restorative materials (irradiated for 20 s, LED curing unit 1100–1330 mW/cm2) were assessed to study polymerisation kinetics (n = 3), with continuous acquisition of spectra, before, during and after light exposure. Peak differences and degrees of conversion (DC %) were calculated using 1320/1336, 1320/1350 and 1636/1648 cm-1 as reaction/reference peaks. Inferential statistics included a MANOVA and within-subjects repeated measures ANOVA design (5% significance level). Proportionality of methacrylate peak height to concentration was confirmed, with the 1320/1352 cm-1 peak combination showing the lowest coefficient of variation (8%). Difference spectra of the polymerisation reaction showed noise interference around the 1500–1800 cm-1 region. Across the different materials, DC % results are highly dependent upon peak selection (p<0.001), with higher variability associated to the 1636 cm-1. Significant differences in the materials were only detected when the 1320 cm-1 peak was used (p<0.05). Within the same materials, methods were significantly different for Constic and Activa (p<0.05). It is possible to conclude that the 1320 cm-1 peak is more adequate to assess polymerisation of methacrylates and is therefore recommended.

Development and Assessment of New Bioactive Glass Fiber Post. Part II: Ion’s Release

Objectives: This study was designed to develop and assess the ions release property of an innovativeexperimental bioactive fiber-reinforce composite as a new material for an intra-canal post.Study Design: An in vitro studyMaterials and Methods: Surface treated unidirectional E-glass fiber were impregnated and implanted witha triple cure, self-adhesive ACTIVA BioACTIVE resin cement to fabricate an experimental bioactive glassfiber post using hand lay-up moulding technique and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) moulds, The cylindricaland rectangular form specimens were prepared, for each specimen, ensure 3min for self-cure setting, thenlight-cured for the 40s. The specimens were individually immersed in a deionized (DI) water, and sodiumchloride solution to assess the fluoride ion release, and calcium-phosphate ions release sequentially. VirginACTIVA BioACTIVE cement was used as a reference group for all investigations.Statistical analysis used: Statistical analysis was achieved by means of independent variable t-test, onewayANOVA, and Bonferroni Pairwise comparisons utilizing IBM-SPSS software.Results: Experimental material recognized a significant reduction in F-, Ca+2, and PO43- release afterreinforcement compared to virgin ACTIVA BioACTIVE.Conclusions: The ACTIVA BioACTIVE cement’s reinforcement process reduced the ion release intensityof the material but not affected the releasing pattern.

Phosphate Ion Release and Alkalizing Potential of Three Bioactive Dental Materials in Comparison with Composite Resin.

Aim Several new bioactive compounds were recently introduced to the market with favorable ion release, tooth remineralization, and alkalizing potential. This study sought to compare the phosphate ion release and alkalizing potential of three bioactive materials in comparison with composite resin. Methods Thirty-six discs (2 × 6 mm) were fabricated from Fuji II LC resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI), Activa BioActive, Cention N, and Z250 composite in plastic molds. The specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 and 48 h and 6 months. Half of the specimens were used to assess the phosphate ion release while the other half were used to assess the alkalizing potential 1 h after pH drop from 6.8 to 4. Phosphate ion release was quantified by a spectrophotometer while the pH value was measured by a pH meter. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's HSD test (for pairwise comparisons) at 0.05 level of significance. Results At 24 h, the maximum phosphate ion release in distilled water occurred in the Fuji II LC group followed by Cention N, Activa BioActive, and Z250. At 6 months, Cention N followed by Activa BioActive showed higher phosphate ion release than Fuji II LC and Z250. No significant difference was noted between Activa BioActive and Cention N at any time point. All materials, except for Z250, increased the pH of the environment. Fuji II LC had maximum alkalizing effect at all time points followed by Cention N and Activa BioActive. Conclusion Use of bioactive compounds is a promising method to ensure phosphate ion release, and can have a positive effect on tooth remineralization over time. Also, bioactive compounds can alkalize an acidic environment.

Intrapulpal Concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide of Teeth Restored With Bulk Fill and Conventional Bioactive Composites.

This study evaluated intrapulpal concentration and hydrogen peroxide (HP) penetration at the interface of teeth restored with bioactive composites, using conventional or bulk-fill composites. Cylindrical cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of bovine incisor crowns (n=20) and restored with: resin modified glass-ionomer (RMGI, Riva Light Cure, SDI), non-bioactive bulk-fill composite (FB, Filtek Bulk, 3M Oral Care), non-bioactive conventional composite (FZ, Filtek Z350, 3M Oral Care), bioactive bulk-fill composite (AC, Activa BioActive, Pulpedent), and bioactive conventional composite (BII, Beautifil II, Shofu). After 5,000 thermal cycles, restorations (n=10) were exposed to high (35% HP [4 applications of 8 min/session-4 sessions]) or low (9.5% HP [30 min/day-14 days]) concentration bleaching protocols. After the last bleaching application, the HP intrapulpal concentration was determined. Additional teeth were restored, pigmented with rhodamine B solution, and HP penetration around the interface was observed under laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy (LSCFM, n=3). The presence of gaps at the interface was observed on replicas of the cross-sectioned samples under scanning electron microscopy (SEM, n=5). Data were submitted to one-way (gap analysis) and twoway analysis of variance (ANOVA; HP intrapulpal concentration) and Tukey test (α=0.05). The LSCFM images were qualitatively analyzed. The restored teeth submitted to 35% HP presented higher HP intrapulpal concentration than teeth submitted to 9.5% HP (p<0.05). No differences in HP intrapulpal concentration was observed among groups (p>0.05) when exposed to 9.5% HP. Lower HP intrapulpal concentration was observed for teeth restored with RMGI exposed to HP 35%, when compared with teeth restored with nonbioactive conventional (FZ; p=0.004) and bulk-fill composites (FB; p=0.01). No gap formation was observed at the outer enamel adhesive interface for all restorative materials. LSCFM images showed that 35% HP promoted greater degradation of rhodamine B at the enamel, except for RMGI. In this context, RMGI promoted lower HP intrapulpal concentration than non-bioactive conventional and bulk-fill composites.

Evaluation of Compressive Strength of Several Pulp Capping Materials.

Statement of the Problem: Adequate compressive strength is an important characteristic for an ideal liner.Purpose: This study aimed to assess the compressive strength of several commonly used liners.Materials and Method: This in vitro, experimental study evaluated 120 samples fabricated of Dycal, Calcimol LC, Vitrebond, Activa Bioactive, and TheraCal LC (n=24) liners according to the manufacturers’ instructions. The samples were fabricated using a cylindrical stainless steel mold with 6±0.1 mm height and 4±0.1 mm internal diameter. Half of the samples in each group (n=12) underwent compressive strength test immediately after completion of their primary setting while the other half (n=12) underwent compressive strength test after 24 h. During this period, the samples were immersed in deionized water (grade 3) and incubated at 37±1°C and 100% humidity for 24 h. The compressive strength was measured using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test.Results: The compressive strength of the five liners was significantly different (p< 0.05). Calcimol LC showed maximum compressive strength both immediately after setting and after 24 h. The compressive strength at 24 h was significantly higher than the primary compressive strength in all groups (p< 0.05).Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it seems that Calcimol LC, Activa Bioactive Liner, and TheraCal LC have adequate compressive strength and can be used alone to provide adequate support for the restorative materials.

The Effect of Liner Placement under Bulk-Fill Resin Composite Restorations on Cuspal Deflection in Maxillary Premolar Teeth.

Purpose: This study investigated the cuspal deflection in premolar teeth restored with different bulk-fill resin composites with or without using a liner. Materials and Methods: 60 extracted human upper premolar teeth were used. The samples in this study were divided into three main groups (20 samples for each) according to the materials used; Each group was subdivided into two subgroups according to presence of liner. Standardized large MOD cavities were prepared. The distance between two reference points on cusp tips was measured before the restoration using a universal microscope. Then the teeth were restored with different bulk-fill resin composites (Filtek bulk fill, X-tra fil bulk fill and Activa Bioactive Restorative Material) with and without a liner (Activa Bioactive base/ liner). Second reading of cuspal deflection was measured 15 min after the completion of restorations. All samples were subjected to thermal cycling using thermal cycler machine. Then the third reading of cuspal deflection was measured. The data were statistically analyzed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Results: no statistically significant difference was found between the mean cuspal deflection of the three composites and cuspal deflection without liner showed statistically significantly higher mean value than with liner. Conclusion: The placement of Activa Bioactive base/liner beneath the bulk-fill resin composite restorations decreased cuspal deflection.

Comparative evaluation of antibacterial efficacy different bioactive smart composites: An in vitro study.

Composites are the widely used restorative materials, and over the year, newer restorative composites have been introduced to eliminate the drawbacks of previous ones. The recent advance in restorative dentistry is bioactive restorative materials. However, bacterial plaque formation on these restorations is the primary reason for secondary caries. The purpose of this study was to do the comparative evaluation of bioactive restorative composites (Beautifil Flow Plus, Activa BioACTIVE, and Filtek Z250 XT as control) for their antibacterial efficacy under in vitro conditions. Thirty material blocks were used for this evaluation. Antibacterial efficacy was checked against Streptococcus mutans and observed under confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results showed that Activa BioACTIVE shows maximum number of dead bacteria on the material surface compared to other groups. It can be concluded as it has maximum antibacterial efficacy among tested materials.

Marginal Adaptation, Compressive Strength, Water Sorption, Solubility and Ion Release of a Claimed Bioactive Restorative Material

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate marginal adaptation, compressive strength, water sorption, solubility, fluoride and calcium release of a claimed bioactive restorative material (ACTIVA BioACTIVE Restorative) compared to glass ionomer (Fuji IX) and resin composite (SphereTEC). Materials and methods: ACTIVA was evaluated relative to Fuji IX and SphereTEC one. Marginal gap width was detected via scanning electron microscope before and after thermo-cycling. Compressive strength was tested using universal testing machine. For measuring water sorption and solubility, specimens were immersed in distilled water, subjected to drying cycles and weighed. Fluoride ion release was measured using ion-selective electrode while released calcium ions were detected using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer after 1, 14 and 28 days. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA, paired t-test and independent sample t-test. Results: Marginal gap was reduced in both ACTIVA and Fuji IX after thermocycling while it increased in SphereTEC one. After thermo-cycling, the marginal gap was larger in dentin compared to enamel. SphereTEC one showed the highest compressive strength mean value. Fuji IX represented the highest water sorption values, followed by ACTIVA which also exhibited the highest solubility. Fuji IX showed higher fluoride release than ACTIVA whose calcium release did not reach 1ppm. Conclusion: ACTIVA restoration can provide a potential marginal seal. Compressive strength was limited compared to resin composite. ACTIVA’s water sorption and solubility are within the acceptable range. However, its fluoride and calcium release was limited.

Flexural properties and dentin adhesion in recently developed self-adhesive bulk-fill materials.

This study investigated the flexural properties, shear bond strength (SBS) and interface to dentin of three recently developed self-adhesive bulk-fill materials. Bars of Surefil One (SO), Cention N (CN), Activa BioActive Restorative (AB) and EQUIA Forte HT Fil (EQUIA) were tested for flexural strength and flexural modulus in self-curing and light-curing modes. In addition, SBS to dentin was tested in specimens without pretreatment and after application of universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal). EQUIA was used as the control material. The flexural properties were significantly better in light-curing mode for all materials except CN. CN had the highest SBS values after universal adhesive application (33.8 MPa), and SO had the highest SBS without pretreatment (20.9 MPa). The mechanical and adhesive properties of these new materials varied widely.

Inhibition of root dentin demineralization by ion releasing cements

To compare the ability of resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) and bioactive cements to prevent root dentin demineralization. Fifty molars were prepared at the cementum-enamel junction (n = 10) and restored with three bioactive cements (Activa Bioactive Cement, ACT; Ceramir Crown and Bridge, CER; and Theracem, THE), a self-adhesive resin cement (Rely X Unicem 2, UNI), and a RMGI cement (Rely X Luting Plus, LUT). Specimens were cycled for 30 days between a demineralization solution (pH = 4) composed of 0.1 M lactic acid and 3 mM Ca3 (PO4 )2 for 4 hours and a remineralization solution (pH = 7.0) composed of 1.5 mM Ca, 0.9 mM P, and 20 mM Tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane for 20 hours. Specimens were sectioned to 100 μm and evaluated with polarized light microscopy. A line was drawn parallel with the zone of demineralization for each tooth. The areas of "inhibition" (external to the line) were measured as positive values and "wall lesions" (pulpal to the line) were measured as negative areas. Significant differences were found between materials for "inhibition/wall lesion" areas in root dentin (P < .001) and ranked as (μm2 , mean ± SD): LUT (7700 ± 2500) > CER (3800 ± 1900), THE (2100 ± 2600), and ACT (1400 ± 700) > UNI (-2000 ± 1700). Bioactive cements showed net areas of demineralization inhibition albeit at a lower level than a reference RMGI cement. RMGI or bioactive cements may be indicated for patients at risk of secondary caries around crown margins.

Flexural Strength and Modulus of Elasticity of Two Base Materials. An In vitro Comparative study

Abstract: Objective: To determine and compare flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of two base materials. Materials and Methods: 30 specimens made of the two materials (Activa Bioactive Base and Ionoseal GI Composite Cement) were divided into two groups; 15 specimens in each group, the materials were inserted at a single increment into prefabricated Teflon mold with dimensions of 12 mm x 2 mm x 2 mm placed on a glass plate according to manufacturer’s instructions. Flexural strength and modulus of elasticity were evaluated by a 3 point bending test by using an Instron universal testing machine (0.75mm/min & 0.03Hz for hundred cycles). Displacement, Flexural stress and Load were performed for all tests. Then all data were statistically evaluated and compared. Statistical data analysis was performed for flexural fatigue through the least frequent events method. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between mean flexural strength of Activa and Ionoseal (P-value = 0.248, Effect size = 0.679). Activa showed statistically significantly lower mean modulus of elasticity than IONA (P-value = 0.015, Effect size = 1.603). Conclusion: Activa Bioactive-enhanced RMGIs demonstrated comparable flexural strength to Ionoseal glass ionomer composite cement and showed lower modulus of elasticity.

Reactions of Subcutaneous Connective Tissue to Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Biodentine®, and a Newly Developed BioACTIVE Base/Liner.

Aim. There is an increasing interest in the application of BioACTIVE materials to achieve hard tissue formation and maintain pulp vitality. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine® are BioACTIVE materials used for pulp capping. Recently, dental researchers have produced BioACTIVE glass-incorporated light-curable pulp capping material. The study is aimed at evaluating the subcutaneous connective tissue reactions to MTA, Biodentine®, ACTIVA BioACTIVE Base/Liner. These materials were placed in polyethylene tubes and implanted into the dorsal connective tissue of Sprague Dawley rats. The presence of inflammation, predominant cell type, calcification, and thickness of fibrous connective tissue was recorded by histological examination 7, 30, and 60 days after the implantation procedure. Scores were defined as follows: 0 = none or few inflammatory cells, no reaction; 1 = <25 cells, mild reaction; 2 = 25 to 125 cells, moderate reaction; and 3 = ≥125 cells, severe reaction. Fibrous capsule thickness, necrosis, and formation of calcification were recorded. ANOVA and post hoc Dunnett's tests were used for statistically analyses (p < 0.05). Results. In terms of oedema, inflammation, fibrous capsule, and necrosis, no significant differences were found in any time period for any material. MTA and Biodentine® showed higher calcification than in the ACTIVA BioACTIVE on day 30, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). After 60 days, while calcification was not seen in the control group, it was observed in the test groups. There was a statistically significant difference between the control and the others. Conclusion. All materials were well tolerated by the tissues in the 60-day evaluation period. One notable finding is the presence of dystrophic calcification in the connective tissue adjacent to the newly developed BioACTIVE Base/Liner material. Therefore, this new BioACTIVE Base/Liner material may be safely recommended to clinicians as a pulp capping material.

Bio-Inductive Materials in Direct and Indirect Pulp Capping-A Review Article.

The article is aimed at analyzing the available research and comparing the properties of bio-inductive materials in direct and indirect pulp capping procedures. The properties and clinical performances of four calcium-silicate cements (ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus, RetroMTA, Biodentine), a light-cured calcium silicate-based material (TheraCal LC) and an enhanced resin-modified glass-ionomer (ACTIVA BioACTIVE) are widely discussed. A correlation of in vitro and in vivo data revealed that, currently, the most validated material for pulp capping procedures is still MTA. Despite Biodentine’s superiority in relatively easier manipulation, competitive pricing and predictable clinical outcome, more long-term clinical studies on Biodentine as a pulp capping agent are needed. According to available research, there is also insufficient evidence to support the use of TheraCal LC or ACTIVA BioACTIVE BASE/LINER in vital pulp therapy.

Effect of thermal aging procedure on the microhardness and surface roughness of fluoride ion containing materials

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the thermal aging effect on microhardness and surface roughness of fluoride containing restorative materials.Material and Methods: In this study, a bioactive material (Activa Bioactive Restorative, Pulpdent, Watertown, MA, USA), a giomer (Beautifil II, Shofu, Kyoto, Japan), a nanohybrid composite (Charisma Smart, Heraeus Kulzer, Germany), a resin-modified glass ionomer (Ionoseal, VOCO, Germany), and a bulk-fill glass-hybrid material (Equia Forte, GC, Tokyo, Japan) were used. 10×2 mm discs were prepared (n=10) and then polymerized. Only for bulk-fill glass-hybrid specimens, one layer of coat was applied on top surfaces and light cured. Before and after thermal aging procedures, initial and final surface roughness and microhardness values were evaluated. One-Way ANOVA test was used for the statistical analysis (p0.05).Results: Thermal aging did not affect the surface roughness of restorative materials statistically (p>0.05). After thermal aging when the bottom surface of Equia Forte compared to Activa Bioactive and Beautifil II in terms of microhardness values, a statictical significant difference was observed (p0.05).Conclusion: Even before and after thermal aging procedures, successful results can be achieved with bulk-fill glass-hybrid material.

Influence of Surface Conditioning on the Repair Strength of Bioactive Restorative Material.

To evaluate the effects of surface treatment and repair material on the repair shear bond strength (SBS) of the bioactive restorative material. A total of 240 Activa BioActive Restorative (Activa) discs were prepared, aged, and polished, and divided randomly into eight groups (n = 30). Groups 1-4 discs were repaired with bulk-fill flowable resin-based composite (Bulk-RBC), and Groups 5-8 discs with Activa. Surface treatment used for each repair material type were air abrasion with silica-coated 30-m Al2O3 particles (air abrasion) (Groups 2 & 6), Air abrasion with universal primer (Groups 3 & 7), and Air abrasion with universal adhesive (Groups 4 & 8). Groups 1 and 5 were controls without surface treatment. SBS test was performed, and the failure mode and surface topography were assessed. Surface treatment with air abrasion significantly improved the SBS for repair using both Activa and Bulk-RBC. Repair SBS using Activa was significantly higher compared with Bulk-RBC. Cohesive failure in substrate and mixed failures were most common in the surface-treated groups (2-4, 6-8). Air abrasion produced prominent surface topography changes compared with polishing. Air abrasion enhances the repair SBS of aged bioactive restorative material. The use of the same material (Activa) for repair affords a higher bond strength compared with the use bulk-RBC.

Electromyographic Activity as well as Clinical Performance of Bulk-Fill Composite Resins with Activa Bioactive Liner

Electromyographic Activity as well as Clinical Performance of Bulk-Fill Composite Resins with Activa Bioactive Liner

Adhesion and marginal adaptation of a claimed bioactive, restorative material

Objectives: Adhesion and marginal adaptation of a claimed bioactive restorative material (ACTIVA BioACTIVE Restorative) to human teeth were compared with those of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji II LC) and a control resin composite (Ceram X Mono). Material and Methods: Shear bond strength and marginal adaptation to enamel and dentine were assessed after no pretreatment of the hard tissues or after etching with phosphoric acid (ACTIVA BioACTIVE Restorative and Ceram X Mono) or polyacrylic acid (Fuji II LC). For ACTIVA BioACTIVE Restorative, the effect of applying a self-etch adhesive (Xeno Select, Dentsply Sirona) was also investigated. Data were analyzed using non-parametric tests (α = 0.05). Results: Bond strength and marginal adaptation in enamel and dentine were significantly different among the investigated materials (p<.05). Due to loss of restorations, it was not possible to measure bond strength of ACTIVA BioACTIVE Restorative if no pretreatment was performed or if dentine was etched; however, use of the self-etch adhesive resulted in similar bond strength as Ceram X Mono. Etching improved adhesion of Fuji II LC to enamel and dentine. Regarding marginal adaptation, ACTIVA BioACTIVE Restorative showed the highest wall-to-wall contraction to enamel in all pretreatment groups and the overall highest wall-to-wall contraction to dentine after etching. Due to loss of restorations, no marginal assessment was possible on cavities with margins in dentine when no pretreatment was used. The use of a self-etch adhesive with ACTIVA BioACTIVE Restorative resulted in similar adaptation to dentine compared to the other materials. Conclusion: The self-adhesive property of ACTIVA BioACTIVE Restorative is nonexistent.

The role of calcium ion release on biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties of hydraulic cements

Tricalcium silicate (TCS)-based materials produce calcium hydroxide as a byproduct of their hydration reaction. The present study investigated whether calcium ion release (CIR) affects their biological and antimicrobial properties when used as pulp protection materials. The effect of incorporation of micro-silica and calcium phosphate monobasic to radiopacified TCS-based materials was investigated. The commercial TCS-based Biodentine, Bio-C Pulpo, TotalFill Root Repair Material, TheraCal LC and a base/liner- ACTIVA BioACTIVE (Activa) were also evaluated. The hydration and CIR were monitored and correlated with biocompatibility and antimicrobial assessment of eluates. Overall, the additives altered the hydration and leaching profile of the prototype cements. The micro-silica inclusion resulted in a decreased long-term calcium hydroxide formation which was associated with neutralised cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity. Calcium phosphate did not alter the leaching profile, although a stronger antibacterial effect was induced. The commercial materials also had different CIR profiles. The water-based ones had higher CIR, and this was associated with stronger antimicrobial effect but not enhanced biological activity. Both TheraCal LC and Activa exhibited poor degree of conversion, low CIR, acceptable biocompatibility and moderate antibacterial activity. A positive correlation of CIR with antibacterial effectiveness was observed (0.3 < r < 0.49; p = 0.021, p = 0.011 for the two test bacterial cultures). No relation was shown between CIR and cytotoxicity (0.3 < r < 0.49; p = 0.150, p = 0.068 for the two cell cultures studied). The additives modified the CIR. The antimicrobial properties were dependent on the CIR; the cytotoxicity of the materials was unaffected.

Evaluation of Flexural and Compressive Strength for A Bioactive Restorative Material, Nanocomposite and Resin Modified Glass Ionomer: A Comparative Study

Objectives: To perform a comparison between ACTIVA BioACTIVE restorative, Nano-filled dental composite and RMGIC for compressive and flexural strength. Materials and methods: A total of 60 specimens were made of (ACTIVA Bioactive-, Filtek Z350XT and Ketac Nano-100 RMGI), thirty specimens were prepared for compressive strength testing and the other 30 specimens were prepared for flexural strength testing using two split Teflon molds with different dimensions. All specimens were kept in distilled water for 24 h, then they were tested by universal testing machine. Results: The Filtek Z350XT recorded the highest values for compressive and flexural strength, while the lowest values were for Ketac Nano-100. There was no statistically significant difference between compressive strength values of Filtek Z350XT and ACTIVA. While there were significant difference among flexural strength values for all the materials. Conclusion: ACTIVA demonstrates mechanical properties comparable to dental composite and superior to traditional RMGIC.

Effects of oral prophylaxis methods on the surface roughness of tooth coloured restorative materials

Introduction: many new aesthetic restorative materials are used in clinical practice to obtain better polishability and wear resistance but their properties and the surface changes that occur after oral prophylaxis are still unknown. Aim of the study: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of two oral prophylaxes on the surface roughness of three different brands of aesthetic restorative materials. Materials and methods: A total of 90 standardized specimens, were fabricated using a cylindrical plastic mold, 10 mm diameter × 2 mm depth, of three different restorative materials; resin modifiesd glassionomer (RMGIC) (Fuji Filling LC), bioactive ionic resin(Activa Bioactive) and nanofilled resin composite (Filtek™ Z350 XT) 30 specimens of each restorative material, All Specimens were polished with a series of aluminum oxide polishing discs (Sof-Lex). specimens of each restorative materials were randomly divided into three subgroups of 10 specimens according to the treatment it will receive. Group I received no treatment. Group II was polished with rubber cup and proKlene Prophylaxis Paste . Group III was polished with AIRFLOW® Prophylaxis. Surface roughness measurements were performed using ESEM (QUANTA 200, FEI CO., OR, USA), then, data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and mean values were compared by Tukey’s honestly significant difference test (α = 0.05). Results: It was found that surface roughness values were changed significantly between the control, 1st and 2nd evaluations (p < 0.05) for each material and between the two prophylactic methods and control (p < 0.05), showing that the change in surface roughness depended on the type of restorative material and prophylactic treatment. Roughness was significantly higher after the pumice and rubber cup (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Prophylaxis using pumice and rubber cup showed significantly the highest surface roughness of restorative material. The nanofilled composite was the least to be affected.