ActiGraph GT3X Research Articles

Effects of a family judo program on sleep quality in youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a family-based judo program on sleep quality in youth diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Methods: Eighteen youth (13.17 years ± 3.76, 78% male) diagnosed with ASD participated in a 14-week family judo program. Sleep quality was assessed using the Actigraph GT9X accelerometer pre- and post-judo intervention. Non-parametric paired t-tests were conducted to examine changes in sleep quality variables. Results: There was a significant increase in sleep efficiency (p = .05), and a significant decrease in both sleep latency (p = .001) and wake after sleep onset (p = .02) following participation in the judo program. There were no changes in sleep duration observed in this sample (p = .83). Conclusion: Participation in a family judo program may improve sleep quality in youth with ASD. More research is necessary to understand the mechanisms by which judo may improve sleep quality in youth with ASD.

Association between biomarkers of redox status and cytokines with different patterns of habitual physical activity in eutrophic and overweight/obese preschoolers: multivariate analysis of a cross-sectional study

BackgroundAlthough it is well known that obesity is frequently associated with reduced levels of habitual physical activity (HPA), which contributes to determining severe oxidative stress and inflammatory state, this association is however unknown in preschoolers so far. This study aimed to investigate the association between biomarkers of redox status and cytokines with different patterns of HPA according to the adiposity of preschoolers.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 50 preschoolers (25 overweight/obese, OW/OB and 25 eutrophic, EU), matched for age, sex, economic level, and maternal education. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFRs), and leptin levels were evaluated. HPA levels were evaluated by accelerometry (ActiGraph GT9X accelerometer). Correlation, multiple linear regression, and partial least squares regression analysis were used to determine the association between redox status biomarkers and cytokines with different patterns of HPA (HPA level, bouts of moderate to vigorous physical activity [MVPA], and multivariate pattern of HPA) in EU and OW/OB preschoolers.ResultsOW/OB preschoolers had lower CAT activity, higher levels of TAC, TBARS, and cytokines, and similar levels of HPA to EU preschoolers. In EU preschoolers, SOD activity exhibited a stronger negative association with moderate intensity ranges of HPA (R2 = 0.18), and negative correlation with sTNFRs (r = -0.40 to -0.46). TBARS had a stronger positive association with ranges of light intensity in the multivariate pattern of HPA (R2 = 0.10). In OW/OB preschoolers, the HPA multivariate associative pattern was predominantly from vigorous intensity ranges. Thus, SOD activity had a positive association with the multivariate pattern of HPA (R2 = 0.38) and MVPA bouts (β [95% CI] = 0.457 [0.0026. 0.0576]). TAC had a negative association with the multivariate pattern of HPA (R2 = 0.38) and MVPA bouts (β [95% CI] = -0.718 [-0.0025. -0.0003]). Additionally, leptin levels were lower in OW/OB preschoolers engaged in vigorous physical activity (VPA) (8000–9999 counts/min) for longer periods of time.ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that OW/OB preschoolers have higher levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to EU preschoolers. Moreover, VPA may exert antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in OW/OB preschoolers.

Association of Accelerometer-Measured Sedentary Time and Physical Activity with Arterial Stiffness and Vascular Aging in the General Spanish Population, Analyzed by Sex.

In this study we analyzed the association between physical activity and sedentary lifestyle with vascular aging in Spanish populations aged 35-75 years. A cross-sectional study was developed, in which 501 subjects aged 35-75 years were recruited. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured with an accelerometer (Actigraph GTX3) for a week. We measured carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) by a Sphygmo Cor® device and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) by ultrasound (Sonosite Micromax®). The vascular aging index (VAI) was calculated as described in the literature. Vascular aging was defined considering the 25th and 75th percentiles by age and sex of cfPWV and VAI, presence of vascular injury, type-2 diabetes mellitus or arterial hypertension. Individuals were classified into three groups: healthy, normal, and early vascular aging. The mean age of the sample was 55.90 14.24 years, 50% being women. Total physical activity was negatively associated with cfPWV ( = -0.454) and VAI ( = -1.845). Similarly, the number of steps per day obtained a negative association with cfPWV ( = -0.052) and VAI ( = -0.216), while sedentary time showed a positive association with cfPWV ( = 0.028) and VAI ( = 0.117). In the analysis by sex, the results showed similar values. The odds ratio (OR) of total physical activity of subjects classified as early vascular aging (EVA) with regarding those classified as healthy vascular aging (HVA) was 0.521 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.317 to 0.856) for cfPWV, and 0.565 (95% CI 0.324 to 0.986) for VAI. In terms of the number of steps per day, the OR was 0.931 (95% CI 0.875 to 0.992) for cfPWV and 0.916 (95% CI 0.847 to 0.990) for VAI and for sedentary time the OR was 1.042 (95% CI 1.011 to 1.073) for cfPWV and 1.037 (95% CI 1.003 to 1.072) for VAI. The OR of subjects classified as vigorous physical activity was 0.196 (95% CI 0.041 to 0.941) using cfPWV and 0.161 (95% CI 0.032 to 0.820) using VAI. In the analysis by sex, the results showed an association in men when cfPWV was used and an association in women when VAI was used to define vascular aging. The results of this study indicate that the more time spent performing physical activity and the less sedentary time, the lower the arterial stiffness and the probability of developing early vascular aging. The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (number: NCT02623894).

Health behaviour profiles in young Australian adults in relation to physical and mental health: The Raine Study.

We aimed to identify latent health behaviour profiles of young adults and examine their associations with physical and mental health outcomes. We also characterised the profiles by socio-demographic characteristics. Data were collected between 2012 and 2014. Participants (N = 476) were young adults (M age [SD] = 22.1 [.57] years) from Generation 2 of the Raine Study longitudinal cohort. Health behaviours were measured via ActiGraph GT3X waist monitors (physical activity, sedentary behaviour) and questionnaires (diet quality, alcohol, smoking and sleep). Physical and mental health were measured using clinical health assessments, blood biomarkers, and questionnaires. Latent Profile Analysis using Mplus (8.2) was employed to identify profiles. Four latent profiles were identified: 'heavy drinkers with moderately unhealthy eating habits' (high takeaway foods; n = 135), 'unhealthy food abstainers' (low takeaway foods; n = 138), 'moderately sedentary alcohol abstainers' (n = 139) and 'physically active drinkers with unhealthy eating habits' (high takeaway foods and sugary drinks; n = 64). 'Physically active drinkers with unhealthy eating habits' had the poorest (physical and mental) health outcomes, yet the lowest insulin resistance. 'Unhealthy food abstainers' had the most favourable health outcomes (adiposity, health perceptions, blood pressure). Sex differed among the profiles. The profiles identified among young adults are different to profiles with general adult populations. A novel finding was that 'physically active drinkers with unhealthy eating habits' had low insulin resistance. The findings also suggest that future interventions may need to be sex specific. Our findings suggest that health behaviour interventions for young adults should be targeted to distinct profile characteristics.

Fear of movement was associated with sedentary behaviour 12 months after lumbar fusion surgery in patients with low back pain and degenerative disc disorder

BackgroundMovement behaviours, such as sedentary behaviour (SB) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), are linked with multiple aspects of health and can be influenced by various pain-related psychological factors, such as fear of movement, pain catastrophising and self-efficacy for exercise. However, the relationships between these factors and postoperative SB and MVPA remain unclear in patients undergoing surgery for lumbar degenerative conditions. This study aimed to investigate the association between preoperative pain-related psychological factors and postoperative SB and MVPA in patients with low back pain (LBP) and degenerative disc disorder at 6 and 12 months after lumbar fusion surgery.MethodsSecondary data were collected from 118 patients (63 women and 55 men; mean age 46 years) who underwent lumbar fusion surgery in a randomised controlled trial. SB and MVPA were measured using the triaxial accelerometer ActiGraph GT3X+. Fear of movement, pain catastrophising and self-efficacy for exercise served as predictors. The association between these factors and the relative time spent in SB and MVPA 6 and 12 months after surgery was analysed via linear regression models, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsPreoperative fear of movement was significantly associated with relative time spent in SB at 6 and 12 months after surgery (β = 0.013, 95% confidence interval = 0.004 to 0.022, p = 0.007). Neither pain catastrophising nor self-efficacy for exercise showed significant associations with relative time spent in SB and MVPA at these time points.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that preoperative fear of movement was significantly associated with postoperative SB in patients with LBP and degenerative disc disorder. This finding underscores the potential benefits of preoperative screening for pain-related psychological factors, including fear of movement, preoperatively. Such screenings could aid in identifying patients who might benefit from targeted interventions to promote healthier postoperative movement behaviour and improved health outcomes.

Abstract 18530: Associations Among Self-Reported and Physiologic Sleep Measurements and Fatigue in Adults Following Major Cardiac Events

Background: Insufficient sleep contributes to fatigue and cardiometabolic disorders. Current sleep measures vary in accuracy, with weak correlations between self-report and physiologic measures. Developing reliably associated self-report and physiologic sleep measures can optimize data collection methods. Purpose: Investigate correlations between self-reported and physiologic sleep measures in cardiac rehabilitation patients and determine associations with fatigue. Methods: Participants (N = 25, 58% male, 89% non-Hispanic white, mean age = 61 years) recruited from cardiac rehabilitation centers participated in a three-arm RCT. Inclusion criteria were experiencing a myocardial infarction or revascularization procedure, enrollment in cardiac rehabilitation, and experiencing depression or anxiety. Participants without complete sleep measures were excluded. Data was collected at baseline, 3-, and 6-months. Sleep was measured over 8 days with an investigator-developed self-report diary and an ActiGraph GT9X Link accelerometer. ActiGraphs collected data with a 30Hz sampling rate and were scored using the autodetected sleep periods to determine total sleep time. Mean daily minutes of sleep were calculated from self-report and ActiGraph data. Participants also completed a demographics survey and Fatigue Severity Scale. Statistical methods included Pearson correlation coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CI) estimated with Fisher's r-to-z transformation. Results: Results showed self-reported and ActiGraph measured sleep were highly correlated (r = 0.889, [95% CI 0.812, 0.935], p < 0.001). Fatigue was not correlated with self-reported (r = 0.074, [95% CI -0.206, 0.342] p = 0.607) or ActiGraph measured sleep (r = 0.150, [95% CI -0.131, 0.408] p = 0.295). Even though the finding was non-significant, the correlation between fatigue and ActiGraph measured sleep was larger than self-reported sleep. Conclusion: Accurate sleep measures are essential to inform future research and interventions. Unlike past work, this investigator-developed, self-report measure was strongly correlated with the physiologic measure. Researchers should consider reliability when selecting sleep measures.

Classifying Physical Activity Levels in Early Childhood Using Actigraph and Machine Learning Method

Actigraph is a widely used accelerometer for classifying physical activity levels in children, adolescents, adults, and older people. The classification of physical activity levels on Actigraph is determined through time calculations using cut-point formulas. The study aims to classify physical activity in young children according to the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) using accelerometer data and machine learning methods. The study involved 52 young children (26 girls and 26 boys) aged 4 to 5 years in West Java, with an average age of 4.58 years. Physical activity and sedentary behavior of these early childhood were simultaneously recorded using the Actigraph GT3X accelerometer for seven days. The data from the Actigraph were analyzed using two algorithm models: the decision tree and support vector machine, with the Rapidminer application. The results from the decision tree model show a classification accuracy of 96.00% in categorizing physical activities in young children. On the other hand, the support vector machine model achieved an accuracy of 84.67% in classifying physical activities in young children. The decision tree outperforms the support vector machine in accurately classifying physical activities in early childhood. This research highlights the potential benefits of machine learning in sports and physical activity sciences, indicating the need for further development.

A Machine Learning Approach to Predicting Physical Activity Levels in Adolescents

The ongoing evolution of technology has had both positive and negative effects on modern society. On the positive side, it has significantly improved the ease with which various activities can be performed. However, it has also had a negative impact by reducing physical activity. This reduction in physical activity, in turn, increases the risk of chronic diseases that contribute to global mortality rates. This research aims to assess the effectiveness of machine learning in predicting the physical activity levels of adolescents. The study utilizes data from accelerometers, specifically the ActiGraph GT3X. The research methodology employs a semi-supervised machine learning approach, using the support vector machine and decision tree algorithms to make these predictions. The sample comprises 61 adolescents (males = 17, female = 44), including high school students and university students aged 18-21, from the West Java region. The results from the machine learning model using the decision tree algorithm indicated a model accuracy of 97.50% in predicting physical activity levels. In contrast, the accuracy obtained from the performance analysis using the confusion matrix for the support vector machine model was 92.5%. Based on these accuracy levels, the decision tree algorithm outperforms the support vector machine algorithm's accuracy. Further analyses involving different models are necessary to determine which algorithm offers the highest level of accuracy.

Comparison of Physical Activity Patterns among Three Major Chronic Respiratory Diseases.

Although the level of physical activity in daily life (PADL) plays a vital role concerning the health of subjects with chronic lung diseases, it remains uncertain how PADL patterns compare among different conditions. This study's objective was to compare the PADL levels of subjects with COPD, asthma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF); and to investigate PADL behaviour in different diseases' severity. Stable subjects who had not undergone pulmonary rehabilitation in the previous year were included. Subjects were divided into two subgroups according to disease severity: mild/moderate and severe/very severe. The primary outcome was time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activities (MVPA) (Actigraph GT3x) measured during one week over 12 h/day; other assessments included pulmonary function, peripheral muscle strength and exercise capacity. Comparisons among subgroups were corrected for age, BMI and sex. The analysis involved 119 subjects (47 asthma, 48 COPD and 24 IPF). Subjects with asthma had higher PADL levels than those with COPD and IPF (MVPA 18(14-22) vs. 8(4-12) vs. 7(1-12) min/day, respectively; p ancova = 0.002). Subjects with severe/very severe IPF had the lowest PADL level among all subgroups. Adult subjects with asthma have higher PADL levels than those with COPD and IPF, whereas patients with severe and very severe IPF are the most physically inactive subjects.

Intervention Research In Health Promotion: The Challenges of Transferability of a Youth Nutrition Project

Abstract Recent evidence reports the efficacy of theory-based interventions to promote physical activity (PA) among population (Gourlan et al., 2015). However, despite those encouraging results reported in the scientific literature, few documents currently exists to help professionals in the health and educational domains to implement theory-based interventions (Marcus & Forsyth, 2009). The “Great Live and Move Challenge” (GLMC) is an intervention based on the tenets of the theory of planned behavior (TPB, Ajzen, 1991) which aim to promote PA among 7-11 years old French school-aged children and their parents (Cousson-Gélie et al., 2019). Throughout the GLMC, children are asked to quantify their daily PA level by illustrating each 15 minutes of PA achieved with an “energy cube”. The cluster randomised controlled trial showed the effectiveness of GLMC in 3121 children by significantly increasing the proportion of children doing one hour of physical activity per day. During a two-year follow-up, children answered each year a questionnaire measuring TPB constructs and weekly physical activity practice both at pre- and post-intervention. A subsample of 157 children also wore an accelerometer (i.e., Actigraph GT3X+). Results notably show that the intervention had a positive impact on the proportion of children who comply with physical activity guidelines during the two years of follow-up, with an increase each year. The GLMC is now implemented in 7 French departments and reaches over 24,000 children. Based on these results, we would like to propose an adaptation of the GLMC for adults, by adapting this intervention in the professional environment, in order to maintain the community aspect of the project. After the presentation of the project and its transferability in different spaces, an interactive debate will be organised on the challenges of transferability.

Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and mental health in Norwegian youths; a longitudinal study

Abstract Background Research suggests that the mental health of adolescents is less than optimal. Physical activity (PA) has been positively associated with mental health, while the relationships with sedentary behaviour (SED) has shown negative associations. Previous studies have methodological limitations related to study design and instruments used to measure both PA/SED and mental health. Purpose Explore whether changes in objectively assessed PA [Total PA and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA)] and SED are associated with mental health problems (MHP) and mental well-being (MWB) among adolescents. Methods Longitudinal data was collected from 11 lower secondary schools in three waves between 2016-2018. Baseline participation rate was 60% (599 participants, 54.4% girls, 13.3 years). PA and SED were measured by ActiGraph GT3X+/BT. MHP were measured by the Strengths and difficulties questionnaire, while MWB was measured by the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale. Results No associations between PA (Total PA and MVPA) and MHP were found neither for girls nor boys. However, for boys the results showed a positive relationship between change in SED and MWB (p = 0.02) implying that a daily increase in SED of 60 minutes would be equivalent to a 3.2 points higher score in MWB. For girls, there was a modest relationship between change in Total PA and MWB (p = 0.04) Conclusions Our data suggest that there may be a gendered pattern in the relationship between PA, SED and mental health among adolescents. Changes in Total PA and MVPA was largely unrelated to MHP in a healthy sample of adolescents. Among boys, an increase in SED was associated with improved MWB. For girls, the relationship with MWB was only apparent through an increase in Total PA. Key messages • The relationships between PA, SED and mental health among adolescents are complex. • SED may provide an arena for supporting MWB depending on the activities undertaken and requires further research.

A Machine Learning Approach for Physical Activity Recognition in Cystic Fibrosis

ABSTRACT This study aimed to develop and validate machine learning models to predict intensities in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF) across different accelerometry brands and placements. Thirty-five children and adolescents with CF (11.6 ± 2.8 yrs; 15 girls) and 28 healthy youth (12.2 ± 2.7 yrs; 16 girls) performed six activities whilst wearing GENEActivs (both wrists) and ActiGraphs GT9X (both wrists and waist). Three supervised learning classifiers (K-Nearest Neighbour, Random Forest and eXtreme Gradient Boosted Decision Tree) were used to identify the input signal pattern for each PA type and intensity, with a 10-fold cross-validation utilized to assess the performance of the classifiers. ActiGraph GT9X on the dominant wrist and waist and GENEActiv on the dominant wrist failed to predict vigorous intensity PA activities. All other models, for activity type and intensities, exceeded 97% accuracy, with a sensitivity and specificity of greater than 95%, irrespective of accelerometer brand, placement or health condition.

Multimorbidity is associated with lower total 24-hour movement activity among US adults

ObjectiveHaving chronic conditions may result in reduced physical and cognitive function but less is known about multimorbidity with daily movement. We examined the association of multimorbidity and device-measured total daily movement in a nationally representative sample of US adults aged ≥ 30 years from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. MethodsAny multimorbidity (≥2 conditions) and complex multimorbidity (≥3 conditions across ≥ 3 body systems) were quantified using 16 chronic conditions via self-report and/or clinical thresholds. Total movement over 24-hours (Monitor-Independent Movement Summary units [MIMS-units]) was measured using a wrist-worn device (ActiGraph GT3X). Multivariable linear regression examined the association of 1) each chronic condition, 2) number of conditions, 3) any multimorbidity, and 4) complex multimorbidity with total movement. Covariates included age, gender, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, and smoking status. ResultsAmong US adults (N = 7304, mean age: 53.2 ± 0.34 years, 53.2% female, 69.4% Non-Hispanic White), 62.2% had any multimorbidity with 34.2% having complex multimorbidity. After adjustment, a higher number of chronic conditions was associated with incrementally lower total movement (β MIMS-units [95% CI] compared to those with no chronic conditions; one: −419 [−772, −66], two: −605 [−933, −278], three: −1201 [−1506, −895], four: −1908 [−2351, −1465], 5+: −2972 [−3384, −2560]). Complex multimorbidity presence was associated with −1709 (95% CI: −2062, −1357) and −1269 (−1620, −918) lower total movement compared to those without multimorbidity and multimorbidity but not complex, respectively. ConclusionsMultimorbidity was associated with lower 24-h movement among US adults and may be helpful for identifying adults at risk for low movement.

Validity of Actigraph for Measuring Energy Expenditure in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the validity of the Actigraph triaxial accelerometer device in measuring physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) in healthy adults, with indirect calorimetry (IC) serving as the validity criterion. A comprehensive search was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, and sportdiscuss databases, in addition to manual searches for supplementary sources. Search strategies were employed that involved conducting single keyword searches using the terms "gt3x" and "Actigraph gt3x". The literature search encompassed the timeframe spanning from 1 January 2010 to 1 March 2023. The methodological quality of the studies included in the analysis was evaluated using both the Downs and Black checklist and the Consensus-Based Criteria for Selection of Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. The meta-analysis was conducted using the Review Manager 5.4 software. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated and expressed as a 95% confidence interval (CI). The significance level was set at α = 0.05. A systematic assessment of the Actigraph's performance was conducted through the descriptive analysis of computed effect sizes. A total of 4738 articles were retrieved from the initial search. After eliminating duplicate articles and excluding those deemed irrelevant, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on a total of 20 studies, encompassing a combined sample size of 1247 participants. The scores on the Downs and Black checklist ranged from 10 to 14, with a mean score of 11.35. The scores on the COSMIN checklist varied from 50% to 100%, with an average score of 65.83%. The meta-analysis findings revealed a small effect size (SMD = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.50-0.52, p = 0.97), indicating no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). The meta-analysis revealed a small effect size when comparing the Actigraph and IC, suggesting that the Actigraph can be utilized for assessing total PAEE. Descriptive analyses have indicated that the Actigraph device has limited validity in accurately measuring energy expenditure during specific physical activities, such as high-intensity and low-intensity activities. Therefore, caution should be exercised when utilizing this device for such purposes. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the activity counts measured by the Actigraph and the PAEE, indicating that activity counts can be utilized as a predictive variable for PAEE.

A Comparison of Sleep Duration Accuracy Between Questionnaire and Accelerometer in Middle Childhood.

Purpose Healthy sleep is vital to children's well-being, and assessing sleep efficiently and accurately can help understand children's lifestyles. Due to the difficulty in objectively measuring sleep duration using wearable sensors in large-scale surveys of children, self-administered questionnaires are often used in Japan; however, their accuracy is uncertain. We evaluated and compared the accuracy of questionnaire-based sleep times to those of wearable sensors. Methods This observational study was conducted between November 2019 and January 2020. A self-administered questionnaire on lifestyle habits and ActiGraph GT3X+ (ActiGraph, Inc., Pensacola, USA) accelerometer data were collected from 40 fourth-grade elementary school students in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. We analyzed measurements for 256 days out of 280 days (40 persons × 7 days) after excluding days when the rate of wearing the accelerometer was < 90%. Results The median sleep duration per accelerometry was 453 minutes, and the median time in bed was 519 minutes. Questionnaire-based time in bed was 11 minutes longer, with relatively high inter-individual variability. The difference in bedtime was 26 minutes earlier, and wake-up time was 12 minutes earlier for the questionnaire. The average sleep efficiency was 87.4%, and one-third of the children had sleep efficiency < 85%. Conclusion The difference in sleep duration by questionnaire compared to accelerometry was approximately 10 minutes, suggesting the questionnaire may determine sleep duration with accuracy.

Associations between skeletal muscle energetics and accelerometry-based performance fatigability: Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging.

Performance fatigability is typically experienced as insufficient energy to complete daily physical tasks, particularly with advancing age, often progressing toward dependency. Thus, understanding the etiology of performance fatigability, especially cellular-level biological mechanisms, may help to delay the onset of mobility disability. We hypothesized that skeletal muscle energetics may be important contributors to performance fatigability. Participants in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging completed a usual-paced 400-m walk wearing a wrist-worn ActiGraph GT9X to derive the Pittsburgh Performance Fatigability Index (PPFI, higher scores = more severe fatigability) that quantifies percent decline in individual cadence-versus-time trajectory from their maximal cadence. Complex I&II-supported maximal oxidative phosphorylation (max OXPHOS) and complex I&II-supported electron transfer system (max ETS) were quantified exvivo using high-resolution respirometry in permeabilized fiber bundles from vastus lateralis muscle biopsies. Maximal adenosine triphosphate production (ATPmax) was assessed invivo by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We conducted tobit regressions to examine associations of max OXPHOS, max ETS, and ATPmax with PPFI, adjusting for technician/site, demographic characteristics, and total activity count over 7-day free-living among older adults (N = 795, 70-94 years, 58% women) with complete PPFI scores and ≥1 energetics measure. Median PPFI score was 1.4% [25th-75th percentile: 0%-2.9%]. After full adjustment, each 1 standard deviation lower max OXPHOS, max ETS, and ATPmax were associated with 0.55 (95% CI: 0.26-0.84), 0.39 (95% CI: 0.09-0.70), and 0.54 (95% CI: 0.27-0.81) higher PPFI score, respectively. Our findings suggested that therapeutics targeting muscle energetics may potentially mitigate fatigability and lessen susceptibility to disability among older adults.

Validity and reliability of the international physical activity questionnaire short form in Chilean adults.

This study aimed to determine the test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) in Chilean adults. A cross-sectional validation study was carried out on 161 adults aged between 35 and 65, selected from a population-based study in Temuco, Chile. IPAQ-SF was completed twice, seven days apart, to analyze the test-retest reliability with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Objective PA was assessed by accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X+) for seven consecutive days. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to determine the reliability. Spearman correlation coefficients (rho) and Bland-Altman plots were calculated to assess validity. 144 subjects (52.5 ± 8.8 years, 53.9% men) answered the IPAQ-SF on both occasions and had valid accelerometry data. The IPAQ-SF showed moderate reliability for sitting time (ICC = 0.62), while it was poor for walking (ICC = 0.40), moderate PA (ICC = 0.41), vigorous PA (ICC = 0.48), and total PA (ICC = 0.33). There were weak correlations between IPAQ-SF and accelerometry for sedentary behavior (rho = 0.28, p = 0.0005), walking (rho = 0.11, p = 0.17), moderate PA (rho = 0.13, p = 0.128), vigorous PA (rho = 0.18, p = 0.03), and total PA (rho = 0.26, p = 0.002). The results suggest that the IPAQ-SF test and retest would provide an acceptable measure of total SB and MVPA, and a weak correlation between IPAQ-SF and accelerometer.

Exploring the feasibility of a cluster pilot randomised control trial to improve children’s 24-hour movement behaviours and dietary intake: Happy homework

ABSTRACT We aimed to explore the feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of Happy Homework (HH); an 8-week home-focussed intervention, with the purpose of encouraging children’s positive dietary behaviours and engagement in positive physical activity (PA) and sleep behaviours. We randomised four Scottish schools (n = 71 participants; 5 classrooms) to either the HH intervention (n = 2) or usual curriculum control group (n = 2). HH consisted of movement and dietary-focused parent and child tasks. Primary outcome measures were intervention feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy. Secondary outcomes were objectively measured PA via ActiGraph GT3X+, sedentary behaviours (SBs) and sleep duration via activPAL4™ accelerometers and dietary behaviours, fruit and vegetable consumption and screen-time via questionnaires. After controlling for pre-test levels, post intervention stepping time and sleep duration were significantly greater for the HH group in comparison to the control group. The HH group reported eating more fruit and vegetables at post-test than the control group. Participants also reported the intervention to be enjoyable and motivating. These findings provide promising evidence that given a greater sample size, better retention and the prioritisation of health and wellbeing homework, HH could enhance children’s health and wellbeing.

Peri-Operative Wearables in Elder Recover after Surgery (POWERS) study: a protocol for a multicentre, prospective cohort study to evaluate perioperative activity with postoperative disability in older adults after non-cardiac surgery

IntroductionThe ageing population has led to an increasing proportion of surgical patients with greater frailty and comorbidity. Complications and mortality within 30 days of a surgical procedure are often used...

A prospective analysis of physical activity and mental health in children: the GECKO Drenthe cohort

BackgroundMental health problems in young people have become a global health burden. The positive effects of physical activity on mental health in adults are well known but still not clear in children. The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent physical activity in early childhood would affect mental health in middle childhood.MethodsFrom the Dutch GECKO Drenthe birth cohort, 850 children (51.5% boys) were enrolled in this analysis. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured at age 5–6 using ActiGraph GT3X. Mental health was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at age 5–6 and age 10–11. Multiple linear regression models were used to estimate the associations between physical activity, sedentary time and SDQ subscales, stratified by gender, adjusting for age, BMI, maternal education level, family size, accelerometer wear time and season, and additionally adjusting for SDQ scores at age 5–6 to take tracking of mental health over time into account.ResultsGreater physical activity volume at age 5–6 was associated with lower peer problems scores at age 10–11 in boys and girls. An increase in MVPA was associated with lower peer problems scores in boys (b = -0.445, -0.713 to -0.176) and girls (b = -0.354, -0.601 to -0.107), however, increased sedentary time was linked to higher peer problems scores in boys (b = 1.18, 0.455 to 1.906) and girls (b = 0.870, 0.191 to 1.550). For hyperactivity, higher levels of physical activity volume and MVPA were associated with higher hyperactivity scores in boys. Increased sedentary time was related to lower hyperactivity scores in boys. Further adjustment for SDQ scores at age 5–6 attenuated associations between physical activity and hyperactivity in boys but hardly changed the relationships with peer problems. No significant associations between physical activity and other SDQ subscales or total difficulties scores were observed, neither in boys nor in girls.ConclusionsChildren who are more physically active at age 5–6 have fewer peer problems at age 10–11, and for boys, greater activity levels at age 5–6 could be an indicator of hyperactivity at age 10–11.