Acryloyl Chloride Research Articles

Syntheses of BODIPY-incorporated polymer nanoparticles with strong fluorescence and water compatibility

Borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes have attracted enormous interest due to their excellent photo-physical and chemical properties. However, the strong hydrophobic nature of the dyes limits their applications in water based biological and medical samples. In this work, BODIPY derivatives bearing vinyl group were synthesized and polymerized to obtain high dispersible nanoparticles. The BODIPY monomers were synthesized via esterification of their phenol groups with acryloyl chlorides and fully characterized by NMR, MS, UV–vis, and fluorescence spectroscopies. BODIPY fluorescent polymer nanoparticles were prepared using precipitation polymerization of the BODIPY monomers with methacrylic acid (MAA) in the presence of cross-linkers and characterized in respect to spectroscopic property, polymer morphology and particles size distribution. It was found that the type of cross-linker and amount of solvent have significant effect on particles size and morphology. A prominent necklace-like structure that enabled the polymer nanoparticles to have a good dispersibility could be obtained by using trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate/divinylbenzene (TRIM/DVB) as the cross-linker. Moreover, the BODIPY based polymers exhibited much stronger fluorescence than BODIPY monomer in aqueous solution, especially with the smaller nanoparticles. The fluorescent polymer nanoparticle preparation proposed in this study can be a good choice for addressing the limitation of hydrophobic BODIPY dyes applications in the water-based biomedical media.

Efficient synthesis of imino-1,3-thiazinan-4-one promoted by acetonitrile electrogenerated base and computational studies with CB1 and 11 βHSD1 molecules

A novel and convenient strategy is described for the conversion of N, N′-disubstituted thioureas and acryloyl chloride into the highly biologically valuable imino-1,3-thiazinan-4-one derivatives. The synthesis proceeds through a process with good yield promoted by an electrogenerated base obtained with high current efficiency. In addition to this, based on structure–activity relationship studies, we have found suitable targets like G-protein coupled (CB1) cannabinoid receptor and human 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11 βHSD1) for this synthesized molecule. The molecular docking studies were carried for our compound with CB1 and 11 βHSD1 to understand the binding interaction mechanism, and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to understand the stability of small molecule in CB1 and 11 βHSD1 microenvironments. Also, to understand the intermolecular stability density functional theory calculations were carried for free compound and compound in complex with CB1 and 11 βHSD1.

Preparation of Covalent and Solvent-resistance Colored Latex Particles and Its Application on Cotton Fabric

Conventional colored latex particles have poor solvent resistance due to the absence of chemical bonds between the dye and polymer component, resulting in staining and greatly restricting its application. In this research, the disperse dye was chemically bonded to the polymer to prepare covalent and solvent-resistance colored latex particles. Firstly, C.I. Disperse Red 60, as a common disperse dye in industry, was modified by acryloyl chloride (amidation reaction) for the purpose of introducing the C=C bonds. The structure of modified C.I. Disperse Red 60 was confirmed by 1HNMR, FTIR and elemental analysis and its spectral property was also evaluated. Then the covalent colored latex particles were synthesized via miniemulsion copolymerization of styrene (St) and ethyl acrylate (EA) in presence of modified C.I. Disperse Red 60 monomer. Results of FTIR, TG, DSC and TEM indicated that the covalent colored latex particles were successfully prepared. By using UV-spectroscopy, the solvent resistance of the colored latex membranes in petroleum ether, hexane, cyclohexane, and ethanol was monitored, respectively. Slight change of the absorption was detected for 10 days, which verified the excellent solvent resistance of covalent colored latex membranes. Finally, the prepared colored latex particles were applied on cotton printing in the absence of binder. The results showed that the colored latex particles printed fabric had superior rubbing fastness and soft hand feel.

Green modification of cellulose-based natural materials by HRP-initiated controlled “graft from” polymerization

Considerable attention has been focused on the application of natural cellulosic materials due to the cost-effectiveness, renewability, and biodegradability of cellulose. However, gaps between cellulose-based and petroleum-based materials still exist. In this study, a green, environmental modification method for cellulose by enzyme-initiated reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) graft polymerization was reported. First, the grafting of acryloyl chloride (AC) provided reaction sites on cellulosic fiber surfaces, followed by the enzymatic RAFT graft polymerization of acrylamide (AM). The grafting of well-controlled polyacrylamide (PAM) chains on the cellulosic material surface was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the controlled grafting ratio was also estimated. The transition of wetting behaviors after the modification of AC and PAM also provided evidence for successful grafting on cellulosic materials. In addition, this method can be well applied for the preparation of various functional cellulosic materials.

A novel photocurable modified epoxy resin for high heat resistance coatings

In this paper, in order to further improve the heat resistance of UV-curing epoxy cresol novolac (EOCN), 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (DMPA) was firstly introduced to open epoxy groups in EOCN and then the hydroxyl groups reacted with acryloyl chloride to make sure the resin has sufficient UV-curing double bonds. Compared with the system that uses acrylic acid to open epoxy group and the secondary hydroxyl group reacting with unsaturated anhydride, up to 1.5 times double bonds were potentially introduced. The structure of the resins was characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR. Influences of double bond content on thermal behavior, photopolymerization kinetic behavior, and basic properties of the cured films were investigated. Thermal performance analysis demonstrated that the glass transition and the initial decomposition of the cured films were increased with the rising proportion of acryloyl group. Moreover, doping of abundant acryloyl chloride caused a significant increase of unsaturated double bond conversion, though the initial photopolymerization rates declined. Cured films with less acryloyl chloride modified showed better adhesive. For solvent-resistant test, with the increase of the acryloyl group, the cured film displayed good resistance to strong acids and alkalis. These attractive features give this process potential applications in soldering ink and protective coatings.

Preparation of Janus‐type superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles modified with functionalized PCL/PHEMA via photopolymerization for dual drug delivery

AbstractIn this study, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were synthesized by the coprecipitation of FeCl2˙4H2O and FeCl3˙6H2O and applied as a core for preparation of Janus nanoparticles. Accordingly, freshly modified methacrylated iron oxide nanoparticles were reacted with two functionalized polymers. Acrylated poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and acrylated poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) were synthesized via ring‐opening and free‐radical polymerization, respectively, and subsequent modification with acryloyl chloride. Acrylated PCL as the hydrophobic part and acrylated PHEMA as the hydrophilic domain were grafted on the surface of methacrylated iron oxide nanoparticles with two morphologies. Pickering emulsion and solution photopolymerization reactions were used to prepare nanoparticles with “Janus” and “mixed” morphologies, respectively. The products were characterized in each step using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic light scaterring (DLS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), vibrating‐sample magnetometer (VSM), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV‐Vis). Quercetin and 5‐FU (as two anticancer drugs) were loaded in the mentioned nanoparticles, and the drug loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of these nanoparticles were calculated. in vitro release behavior at two pH values (5.8 and 7.4) and at 37°C demonstrated that morphology can affect the release profile. Finally, rat C6 cell viability was determined by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay for drug‐free and drug‐loaded nanoparticles.

Anticounterfeiting and photoluminescent cellulosic papers based on fluorescent acrylic copolymer nanoparticles containing coumarin

Fluorescent nanoparticles are widely exploited as probes in cell tracking, drug delivery systems and high-performance security devices nowadays. Herein, we report the synthesis of novel 7-acryloxycoumarin (7-AC) through modification reaction of 7-hydroxycoumarin with acryloyl chloride and its copolymerization with methyl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate to produce epoxy-functionalized fluorescent polymer nanoparticles through emulsion polymerization. Chemical modification of cellulose pulp papers with the as-prepared fluorescent latex nanoparticles was also assessed. Spherical nanoparticles with average particle size of 40−93 nm and their diffusion into cellulosic fibers with excellent wetting and coating were monitored. Fluorimetery analysis demonstrated that immobilization of 7-AC into the hydrophobic acrylic copolymer substrate enhanced its emission intensity significantly with respect to its molecularly solution due to the elimination of unwanted environmental effects and non-radiative processes such as probable internal conversions. The obtained products exhibited intensified fluorescence emission with potentiality of being used in anticounterfeiting inks and security documents.

Chemical Bonding of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles on the Surface of Poly(acryloyl chloride) Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

Poly(acryloyl chloride) (PAC) was first reacted with oxidized MWCNT to form oxidized MWCNT-g-PAC. Then, aminated MNP were bonded to the oxidized MWCNT-g-PAC to form oxidized MWCNT-g-PAC-g-aminated MNP. The chemical characterization for primary and the product materials was performed using FT-IR spectroscopy. SEM images and SEM–EDX were used for the surface morphology and elemental characterization, respectively. Vibrating sample magnetometer measurements showed that aminated MNP and oxidized MWCNT-g-PAC-g-aminated MNP have magnetic saturation values of 52.07 emu/g and 20.38 emu/g, respectively. Both of the two samples indicated the superparamagnetic nature. TGA measurements were accomplished to compare the thermal stability of materials. Also, the DSC measurements were performed to compare Tg temperatures. While AC conductivity values of the oxidized MWCNT-g-PAC and oxidized MWCNT-g-PAC-g-aminated MNP increased by increasing frequency, it has not changed with increasing temperature. This result indicates that these materials act as electrical insulators.

Production, thermal and dielectrical properties of Ag-doped nano-strontium apatite and nano h-BN filled poly(4-(3-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl) acryloyl) phenyl acrylate) composites

In present study, 4-(3-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl) acryloyl) phenyl acrylate (AC-TMC) monomer was synthesized from the reaction of trimethoxy-substituted hydroxy chalcone and acryloyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine. The polymerization of AC-TMC was carried out by the free radical polymerization method at 60 °C. Monomer and polymer structures were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy techniques. Polymer composites were filled successfully with Ag doped nano-strontium apatite (Sr-Ag) and nano hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). Characterization of polymer composites was accomplished using FT-IR, XRD and SEM techniques. Thermal analyzes of polymer and polymer composites were performed in nitrogen atmosphere using thermogravimetry (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC) techniques. The dielectric properties of composites were investigated by impedance analyzer in a range of 1 kHz-1 MHz frequency at room temperature. The results showed that with the increasing content of h-BN particles, the glass-transition temperature (Tg) of composites was increased obviously. Moreover, the added h-BN fillers increased the thermal stability of polymer significantly. The dielectric properties of polymer composite were enhanced by adding both Sr-Ag and h-BN fillers. The produced polymer composites can find applications in orthopedic, dental implants and medical field as biomaterial.

Surface modification of polyethylenterephthalate film with primary amines using gamma radiation and aminolysis reaction for cell adhesion studies

The success of biomaterials depends on several factors that determine their proper interaction with the biological environment. Their physical and chemical properties, such as the rigidity of the substrate and the topography and chemistry of the surface, have an important influence on cellular behavior. This work describes the modification of the surface of polyethylenterephthalate (PET) films with primary amino groups, as well as cell adhesion tests on these surfaces. Herein, gamma radiation was used to graft acryloyl chloride (AC) by an oxidative preirradiation method to obtain PET-g-AC with a grafting percent of 4.8 ± 0.07%. After grafting ethylenediamine (ED) was reacted with PET-g-AC via an aminolysis reaction to generate PET-g-EAAm where NH2 terminal groups are present on the polymer surface. The films were characterized by contact angle, FT-IR, TGA, SEM and AFM. The presence of NH2 groups on modified PET films’ surfaces was confirmed by XPS, and the amount (20.3 + 0.7 pmol mm-2) was calculated using a colorimetric method; this quantity was determined to be sufficient to carry out cell culture assays, demonstrating that PET-g-EAAm films with primary amines are biocompatible with epithelial and mesenchymal cells lines, which play a very important role in the development and design of new materials for biomedical applications.

Synthesis and characterization of a pH and photoresponsive copolymer of acrylamide and spiropyran

In this research, the solution properties of acrylamide and spiropyran acrylate copolymers were investigated. Spiropyran acrylate was synthesized by the reaction of 1′,3′,3′‐trimethyl‐6‐hydroxyspiro(2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2,2′‐indoline) and acryloyl chloride. The free radical solution polymerization was used to attain a specialty responsive polymer. Characterization was carried out using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier‐transform spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV‐vis). The FTIR and NMR results showed that the copolymer synthesis was successful, and the copolymer contained spiropyran monomer. UV analyses indicated that the photoresponsive behavior of the copolymer in the protic and aprotic solvents was quite the opposite, and the polymer absorption spectrum in the basic aqueous solutions was red‐shifted.

Synthesis and antioxidant screening of new 2-cyano-3-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)acryloyl amide derivatives and some pyrazole-based heterocycles

The high functionality compound namely 2-cyano-3-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)acryloyl chloride (1) was utilized as a building block synthon via reactions with some nitrogen and sulfur nucleophilic reagents. The present work was planned to study the effect of 2-cyano group on the reactivity and stability of C2–C3 double bond toward different strong-to-weak nucleophiles, in addition to its facility of nucleophilic addition at C2–C3 double bond to construct new heterocyclic derivatives. The proclivity toward some mono-, 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-, and 1,5-binucleophiles was investigated. The reaction with 2-cyanoacetohydrazide was mainly dependent on the reaction conditions. Some new heterocycles integrated with pyrazole scaffold were successfully synthesized, such as benzoxazinone, indoline, isoindoline, pyrazolone, chromene, and pyrimidopyrimidine derivatives. Some of the newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antioxidant activity using ABTS method, and the results revealed that some compounds exhibited promising inhibitory antioxidant activity.

Synthesis, properties and biodegradability of cross-linked amphiphilic Poly(vinyl acrylate)-Poly(tert-butyl acrylate)s by photo-initiated radical polymerization

The novel amphiphilic poly(vinyl acrylate)-poly(tert-butyl acrylate) based networks are produced by light-induced photo-initiated radical polymerization between poly(vinyl acrylate) (PVAcr), obtained by using hydroxyl moieties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and tert-Butyl acrylate (tBA) monomer. PVA is modified by acryloyl chloride to obtained the corresponding acrylate functionalities (PVAcr). The achieved PVAcr is crosslinked with different amount of tBA (PVAcr:tBA = 0.005:1 and 0.005:2 by mole) to give desired structures (PVAcr-PtBA-1 and PVAcr-PtBA-2) in the presence of 2,2-Dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) at λ = 350 nm under nitrogen atmosphere. The structure, wettability, thermal and biodegradability properties of the pristine PVA and achieved networks are evaluated as a function of tBA loading by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, water contact angle (WCA) measurement, thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses and biodegradation test, respectively. The results indicate that PVAcr-PtBA-2 obtained by higher tBA loading is less hydrophilic and biodegradable, but have improved thermal properties compared to pure PVA, and PVAcr-PVAcr control sample and PVAcr-PtBA-1.

Polyethylene glycol/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane as an in situ photocrosslinkable polymeric nanohybrid

AbstractPolyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)/poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) biodegradable nanohybrids were synthesized in which modified POSS was chemically incorporated into the polymer chain as reinforcing nanoparticles during a blue light photocuring process. First, POSS diacrylate (POSSA) was prepared by the simple reaction of POSS with acryloyl chloride and the product obtained was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 13C NMR. Second, POSSA was incorporated into the PEGDA matrix in various concentrations in the presence as well as the absence of a reactive diluent. Finally, some characterizations such as XRD, TEM, equilibrium swelling, viscoelastic behavior, mechanical properties and cytocompatibility tests were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of these nanoparticles within the PEGDA polymer matrix. The results revealed that POSSA acted as a crosslinking agent as well as an inorganic nanofiller to enhance the properties of PEGDA and also that the most effective content of these nanoparticles should be optimized in the range 1.5–3 wt%. This study suggests acrylated POSS as an effective nanoparticle to promote the efficiency of photocured nanohybrids used in medical applications. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

Synthesis and anti-rotavirus activity of some nitrogen heterocycles integrated with pyrazole scaffold

Herein, the building block synthon 2-cyano-3-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)acryloyl chloride 4 was synthesized and utilized for construction of a wide variety of nitrogen heterocycles encompassing a pyrazole scaffold via treatment with some nitrogen nucleophiles. The seven membered heterocycles 14–16 and 20 were constructed from the reaction of the acid chloride 4 with 1,4-binucleophilic reagents such as 2-aminophenol, 2-aminoaniline, 2-aminothiophenol, and thiosemicarbazide, respectively. The structures of all the synthesized heterocycles were elucidated from their elemental and spectral analysis. Antiviral activity screening of products obtained against rotavirus (RV) revealed that compounds 3, 12, 13, 15, and 16 exhibited high reduction effect on RV titer of ≥ 2 log10 TCID50. Thus, these compounds can be possible candidates of anti-RV agents.

Bioresorbable hydrogels prepared by photo-initiated crosslinking of diacrylated PTMC-PEG-PTMC triblock copolymers as potential carrier of antitumor drugs

PTMC-PEG-PTMC triblock copolymers were prepared by ring-opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) in the presence of dihydroxylated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with Mn of 6000 and 10,000 as macro-initiator. The copolymers with different PTMC block Lengths and the two PEGs were end functionalized with acryloyl chloride. The resulting diacrylated PEG-PTMC-DA and PEG-DA were characterized by using NMR, GPC and DSC. The degree of substitution of end groups varied from 50.0 to 65.1%. Hydrogels were prepared by photo-crosslinking PEG-PTMC-DA and PEG-DA in aqueous solution using a water soluble photo-initiator under visible light irradiation. The effects of PTMC and PEG block lengths and degree of substitution on the swelling and weight loss of hydrogels were determined. Higher degree of substitution leads to higher crosslinking density, and thus to lower degree of swelling and weight loss. Similarly, higher PTMC block length also leads to lower degree of swelling and weight loss. Freeze dried hydrogels exhibit a highly porous structure with pore sizes from 20 to 100 µm.The biocompatibility of hydrogels was evaluated by MTT assay, hemolysis test, and dynamic clotting time measurements. Results show that the various hydrogels present outstanding cyto- and hemo-compatibility. Doxorubicin was taken as a model drug to evaluate the potential of PEG-PTMC-DA and PEG-DA hydrogels as drug carrier. An initial burst release was observed in all cases, followed by slower release up to more than 90%. The release rate is strongly dependent on the degree of swelling. The higher the degree of swelling, the faster the release rate. Finally, the effect of drug loaded hydrogels on SKBR-3 tumor cells was evaluated in comparison with free drug. Similar cyto-toxicity was obtained for drug loaded hydrogels and free drug at comparable drug concentrations. Therefore, injectable PEG-PTMC-DA hydrogels with outstanding biocompatibility and drug release properties could be most promising as bioresorbable carrier of hydrophilic drugs.

Development of polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite composite resin for 405 nm digital light projection 3D printing

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop resin composite materials composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) acrylates and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles for ultraviolet digital light projection (DLP) three-dimensional (3D) printing technique.Design/methodology/approachTwo PCL-based triacrylates, namely, glycerol-3 caprolactone-triacrylate (Gly-3CL-TA) and glycerol-6 caprolactone-triacrylate (Gly-6CL-TA) were synthesized from ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolacton monomer in the presence of glycerol and then acrylation was performed using acryloyl chloride. 3D printing resins made of Gly-3CL-TA or Gly-6CL-TA, 5% HA and 3% of photoinitiator 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl-phosphineoxide were then formulated. The surface topography, surface element composition, flexural strength, flexural modulus, cytotoxicity and degradation of the PCL-based scaffolds were then characterized.FindingsResin composite composed of Gly-3CL-TA or Gly-6CL-TA and 5% (w/w) of HA can be printed by 405 nm DLP 3D printers. The former has lower viscosity and thus can form a more uniform layer-by-layer structure, while the latter exhibited a higher flexural strength and modulus after being printed. Both composite materials are non-cytotoxic and degradable.Originality/valueThis study provides a direction of the formulation of environment-friendly resin composite for DLP 3D printing. Both resin composites have huge potential in tissue engineering applications.

Effect of modified calcium sulphate whiskers on free-radical/cationic hybrid photopolymers for 3D printing

This study presents and evaluates hybrid photopolymers applied to 3D printing. To obtain the hybrid system, epoxy acrylates (EA), epoxy resins and photoinitiators were compounded. As inorganic fillers are traditionally used to improve mechanical properties, calcium sulphate whiskers (CSW) coated with chitosan (CS) were modified by acryloyl chloride and the effects of the modification on hybrid photopolymers were investigated. The viscosity and volume shrinkage of the hybrid system were also evaluated. Fourier transform infrared measurements showed that hybrid photopolymers had a higher conversion. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties showed that the tensile strength of the cured samples containing 7% modified CSW was increased by 28% compared to that of pure resin. Additionally, the improvement of interface interaction between modified whiskers and hybrid photopolymers was observed by a scanning electron microscope. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the hybrid system, with the addition of 7% modified whiskers, exhibited a higher storage modulus and crosslinking density. This work, the first to use modified CSW on 3D printing to enhance the tensile strength of hybrid photopolymers, demonstrates that the photocured samples can contribute to high accuracy and resolution.

Synthesis of a TEMPO-Substituted Polyacrylamide Bearing a Sulfonate Sodium Pendant and Its Properties in an Organic Radical Battery.

A novel nitroxyl radical polymer poly(TEMPO-acrylamide-co-sodium styrene sulfonate) (abbreviated as poly(TAm-co-SSS)) was synthesized using 4-acrylamido-2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidine (AATP) copolymerized with styrene sulfonate sodium (SSS). AATP was synthesized through a substitution reaction of acryloyl chloride. Meanwhile, poly(4-acrylamido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-nitroxyl radical) (PTAm) was prepared as a control sample. Then, the structures of products were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), respectively. Additionally, the electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) and the charge-discharge cycling properties were studied. The results demonstrated that the poly(TAm-co-SSS) with the side group of sodium sulfonate adjacent to TEMPO group exhibits a better charge-discharge cycling stability than that of the PTAm. Moreover, the charge specific capacity of the poly(TAm-co-SSS) is larger than that of the PTAm. Besides, the first coulombic efficiency of poly(TAm-co-SSS) is higher in comparison with that of PTAm. These superior electrochemical performances were ascribed to the synergistic effect of sulfonate ions group and nitroxyl radical structure, which benefits the improvement of charge carrier transportation of the nitroxyl radical polymers. Consequently, the nitroxyl radical poly(TAm-co-SSS) is promising for use in organic radical battery materials, based on the good electrochemical properties.

Synthesis of multifunctional core–shell toughening agent with light stability and its application in polycarbonate

ABSTRACTA light stabilizer compound of 2‐(2′‐propionyloxy‐5′‐methylphenyl) benzotriazole (AMB) was synthesized by the esterification of the 2‐(2′‐hydroxy‐5′‐methylphenyl) benzotriazole with acryloyl chloride (AC), and the AMB was then copolymerized with the methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA), and silicone monomers (D4) to prepare the silicone light toughener of poly(D4‐MMA‐BA‐AMB). Effects of the AMB monomer on the conversion and polymerization stability and the toughening and photostabilizing effects of the poly(D4‐MMA‐BA‐AMB) on the polycarbonate (PC) were studied. The prepared multifunctional toughening agent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyzer, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering analyzer, and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. Results show that the prepared poly(D4‐MMA‐BA‐AMB) toughening agent possessed core–shell structure and could effectively absorb the ultraviolet rays. Although the addition of the poly(D4‐MMA‐BA‐AMB) toughening agent had a negative effect on the tensile strength of the PC, it could greatly improve the low‐temperature notched impact strength, toughness performance, and yellowness performance of PC products after UV irradiation. Compared with the silicone toughening agent, the toughening agent of the poly(D4‐MMA‐BA‐AMB) had better anti‐ultraviolet property for the PC/poly(D4‐MMA‐BA‐AMB) composite. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48747.