Polyacrylate Research Articles

Strategies based on nido-carborane embedded indole fluorescent polymers: their synthesis, spectral properties and cell imaging studies.

The continuous preparation scheme EPO-Poly-indol-nido-carborane (E-P-INDOLCAB), L100-55-Poly-indol-nido-carborane (L-P-INDOLCAB), RS-Poly-indol-nido-carborane (S-P-INDOLCAB), and RL-Poly-indol-nido-carborane (R-P-INDOLCAB) were used to prepare the four types of acrylic resin-coated nido-carborane indole fluorescent polymers. After testing their spectral properties and the fluorescence stability curve trend at various acidic pH values (3.4 and 5.5, respectively), L-P-INDOLCAB and S-P-INDOLCAB were determined to be the best polymers. The stable states of the two polymers and the dispersion of the nanoparticles on the system's surface during Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) test are shown by the zeta potentials of -23 and -42mV. The dispersion of nanoparticles on the system's surface and the stable condition of the two polymers were examined using zeta potential and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can also confirm these findings, showing that the acrylic resin securely encases the interior to form an eyeball. Both polymers' biocompatibility with HELA cells was enhanced in cell imaging, closely enclosing the target cells. The two complexes displayed strong inhibitory effects on PC-3 and HeLa cells when the concentration was 20ug/mL, as validated by subsequent cell proliferation toxicity studies.

Self-assembled PHEA-based block copolymers for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles

Copolymer based on poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) comprising cholesteryl and cholic acid and their participation in forming AuNPs.

Enzyme-Polymer Conjugates with Photocleavable Linkers for Control Over Protein Activity.

Reversible conjugation of polymers to proteins is important for a variety of applications, for example to control protein activity. Light is often employed as an external trigger to allow for spatio and temporal control over release of a payload. In this report, we demonstrate preparation of photocleavable poly(polyethylene glycol) acrylate)-lysozyme (pPEGA-Lys) conjugates via ortho-nitrobenzyl linkages. The conjugates were made by both grafting-to and grafting-from in order to compare and contrast the two synthetic approaches. First, a lysine-reactive ortho-nitrobenzyl atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator was synthesized. For the grafting-to strategy, the initiator was employed in the ATRP of PEGA, and the subsequent polymer was conjugated to the lysine residues of lysozyme. For the grafting-from strategy, lysozyme was modified first with the photocleavable initiator, and the purified macroinitiator was then subjected to polymerization conditions to synthesize the protein-polymer conjugate. The polymer was cleaved from the protein via UV light, and activity before and after polymer removal was evaluated, showing 83% recovery. This work provides evidence that reversing conjugation is successful for activity modulation for ortho-nitrobenzyl linked protein-polymer conjugates.

Thermal cleavage of hydrogen bond-induced LCST-type phase separation of PHEMA and related poly(hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate)s in mixed organic solvents

The length of the alkyl groups in both the polymer side chain and 1-alcohol good solvents would dictate the critical molar ratio for LCST-type phase separation.

Trapping bond exchange phenomenon revealed for off-stoichiometry cross-linking of phase-separated vitrimer-like materials.

Vitrimer materials combined with nano-phase separated structures have attracted attention, expanding the tuning range of physical properties, such as flow and creep properties. We recently demonstrated a preparation of vitrimer-like materials with phase-separated nanodomains in which dissociative bond exchange via trans-N-alkylation of quaternized pyridine was operated. In this study, we demonstrate a new finding about the bond exchange mechanism: that is, the trapping bond exchange phenomenon. The component polymer is a poly(acrylate) containing pyridine side groups randomly along the chain, which is cross-linked by diiodo molecules via pyridine-iodo quaternization, where the quaternized pyridines are aggregated to form nano-size domains. When the cross-linking reaction is performed at an off-stoichiometric pyridine : iodo ratio (i.e., an excess of pyridine groups), free pyridine groups are located in the matrix phase. Since the bond exchange in the present system progresses in an inter-domain manner, the dissociated unit bearing pendant iodo is trapped by the free pyridine groups in the matrix, which generates other small aggregates. This trapping phenomenon greatly affects the relaxation and creep properties, which are very different from those found in conventional knowledge about vitrimer physics.

Improved photodegradation of a superabsorber via carbon dots as electron transfer stations.

Superabsorbers have been widely used in industrial and daily chemical products. Polymerized sodium acrylate (PAA-Na) is the most popular superabsorber used in diapers. Here we report the enhanced photodegradation of PAA-Na via carbon dots (CDs) in aqueous solutions. For a system comprising PAA-Na and CDs, CDs act as photosensitizers which improve the photodegradation efficiency by ∼5.6% compared with PAA-Na alone. Moreover, for PAA-Na+TiO2+CDs system, CDs also play the role of transfer stations of excited electrons which facilitate electron transfer from TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) to PAA-Na and further boost the photodegradation efficiency of PAA-Na by ∼9.8%. Based on the spectral results, electrons can hardly transfer from TiO2 NPs to PAA-Na directly even with a bigger driving force compared with CDs; however, CDs can provide effective electron transfer channels within CDs-TiO2 NPs and CDs-PAA-Na which finally build an efficient pathway for electron transfer from TiO2 NPs to PAA-Na. This study reveals the great potential applications of CDs in photodegradation fields as photosensitizers or mediators to promote electron transfer efficiency.

Enabling white color tunability in complex 3D-printed composites by using lead-free self-trapped exciton 2D perovskite/carbon quantum dot inks.

The generation of stable white light emission using lead-free perovskites remains a huge challenge in the development of future display and lighting technologies, due to fast material deterioration and the decrease of the color quality. In this work, we report a combination of diverse types of 2D A2SnX4 (A = bulky cation, X = Br, I) perovskites exhibiting self-trapped exciton (STE) emission and blue luminescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs), with the purpose of generating A2SnX4/CQD inks with a broadband emission in the visible region and a tunable white light color. By varying the concentration of the 2D perovskite, the white emission of the mixtures is modulated to cool, neutral, and warm tonalities, with a PL quantum yield up to 45%. From the combinations, the PEA2SnI4/CQD-based ink shows the longest stability, due to suitable surface ligand passivation provided by the capping ligands covering the CQDs, compensating the defect sites in the perovskite. Then, by incorporating the PEA2SnI4/CQDs inks into an acrylate polymer matrix, the quenching of the PL component from the perovskite was restrained, being stable for >400 h under ambient conditions and at a relative humidity of ∼50%, and allowing the preparation of complex 3D-printed composites with stable white emission tonalities. This contribution offers an application of STE-based Sn-perovskites to facilitate the future fabrication of lead-free white-light optoelectronic devices.

Određivanje racionalnih parametara tečne završne obrade poluproizvoda od kože koji koriste akrilni polimer i modifikovane masti

A mathematical model of the processes of liquid finishing of semi-finished leather products using modern chemical materials in the form of acrylic polymer and modified fats has been obtained, revealing the influence of the consumption of these materials on the content of substances extracted by organic solvents (the so-called unbound fat), elongation at a stress of 10 MPa and the yield of leather by area. Rational parameters of liquid finishing have been determined, allowing for more efficient use of scarce raw materials while reducing the harmful burden on the environment.

Biobased Alkyd Acrylic Hybrid Core Shell Approach

The main objective of this work was to synthesize bio based alkyd-arcylic hybrid emulsion by using core shell approach. Step by step growing polymerization was used for the preparation of the bio-based alkyd resin. Bio-based sebacic acid was used in the synthesis. In the core shell approach; shell part contains acrylic polymer, core part contains bio based alkyd emulsion, which was synthesized by phase inversion. The acrylic shell was synthesized in the presence of the alkyd resin by the emulsion polymerization method.

Studying the Interaction of Viteral Substitutes with the Surface of Acrylic Intraocular Lenses

Purpose of the study: In vitro to study the degree of adhesion of vitreous substitutes, such as silicone oil of various viscosities and perfluorodecalin (PFOS), to hydrophobic acrylic polymer IOLs and evaluate the interaction of vitreous substitutes with the model MIOL-Soft-23 in the clinic. Material and methods. IOLs of the model MIOL-Soft-23 were taken for the experiment. MIOL-Soft-23 are included in the RPR-20 set. IOL of the model MIOL-Soft-23 is made by photopolymerization from a biocompatible spatially cross-linked hydrophobic acrylic polymer based on oligomers and monomers of the methacrylic series with filters in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum from 19 to 23 D. For the experiment, silicone oils of different viscosities were taken: RS-OIL 2000 (Alchimia), SIL-5000-S (DORC), Oxane 5700 (Bausch & Lomb), PFOS (perfluorodecalin) Dk-line (Bausch & Lomb). Also, saline sodium chloride 0.9 % (Solofarm) was used. Results. Revealed a decrease in the degree of silicone adhesion to the surface of acrylic hydrophobic IOLs as the temperature rises, not less than 1.5 %. The absence of dependence of the degree of adhesion on the degree of viscosity of silicone oil was confirmed, which corresponds to the literature data. For the first time, the average percentage of adhesion of perfluorodecalin to the IOL surface data were obtained, in particular, the MIOL-Soft-23 model. The range of values ranged from 0.7 to 7.2 %. The average coverage percentage is 1.9 ± 1.3 % (exposure at 37 ± 1 °C for up to 14 days) and 3.4 ± 1.5 % (exposure at room temperature for up to 14 days). This confirms the need for careful intraoperative monitoring of the completeness of removal of PFOS droplets from the IOL surface. Conclusion. The presence of the risk of adhesion of residual drops of silicone oil and PFOS to the surface of the IOL necessitates careful intraoperative control of the completeness of the removal of vitreous body substitutes, as well as further search for the best ways to eliminate this complication. The conducted complex of studies makes it possible to recommend the use of IOL model MIOL-Soft-23 in complicated cases of vitreal surgery.

Optimizing Si-Dominant Anodes in High-Energy Li-Ion Batteries with a Binary Binder System: Exploring Impacts on Adhesion, Cohesion, and Electrochemical Performance

Silicon anode stands out as a promising game-changer for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its remarkable gravimetric and volumetric capacities, boasting 4200 mAh/g1 and 2200 mAh/cm3, respectively. In addition, its operating voltage of 0.4 V vs Li/Li+, abundant availability, and environmental friendliness make Si a strong candidate to revolutionize energy densities in the next-generation high-performance LIBs. However, challenges arise during lithiation as silicon undergoes an expansion of ~300% of its initial volume, leading to a cascade of detrimental effects on the electrode.1 The micron-sized silicon particles tend to pulverize, and resulting in fragmented silicon particles that become electrically isolated. Such volume variations compromise the adhesion of the Si electrode to the current collector. Furthermore, the repetitive expansion and shrinkage cycles contribute to cohesive failure within the electrode. Collectively, these factors considerably diminish the electrochemical performance and lifespan of Si anodes. Consequently, these challenges have placed major constraints on the utilization of silicon, making it currently viable only at levels below 10 wt% in LIB anodes, thereby impacting the commercial feasibility of Si-dominant anodes in high-energy LIBs.Such challenges in Si anodes impose strict demands on the binder, requiring it to maintain intimate contact between electrode components and to the current collector and preserve the integrity of ion and electron transport channels during frequent volume changes upon cycling. Obviously, the traditional binders like PVDF or carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)/Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) are not suitable options for addressing these specific challenges.Many approaches have been explored to address such requirements including increased crosslinking, different binding functionalities, adhesion promoters, etc.2 In this study, we investigate a binder system comprising two key components: (i) an acrylic acid-based polymer enriched with a high concentration of carboxyl groups. This component not only forms effective bonds with the silicon surface but also fosters interactions with other polar species, facilitating the self-healing properties. (ii) Incorporating a styrene-butadiene-based polymer, renowned for its exceptional flexibility, improves adhesion and enhances the tensile properties of the electrode, particularly in response to volume expansion challenges. We evaluated the characteristics of the binders and electrode properties, including adhesion to the current collector, cohesion within the electrode, and binder distribution. These properties were subsequently correlated with the initial columbic efficiencies (IEC) and electrode cycle life in Si-dominant/NMC811 cells. We show that there is an optimal binder ratio that achieves the desired adhesion and significantly enhances cohesive strength, leading to improved cycling stability compared to a single binder system.

Installing a Single Monomer within Acrylic Polymers Using Photoredox Catalysis.

Incorporating exactly one monomer at a defined position during a chain polymerization is exceptionally challenging due to the statistical nature of monomer addition. Herein, photoinduced electron/energy transfer (PET) enables the incorporation of exactly one vinyl ether into polyacrylates synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Near-quantitative addition (>96%) of a single vinyl ether is achieved while retaining >99% of the thiocarbonylthio chain ends. Kinetic studies reveal that performing the reactions at 2 °C limits unwanted chain breaking events. Finally, the syntheses of diblock copolymers are reported where molecular weights and dispersities are well-controlled on either side of the vinyl ether. Overall, this report introduces an approach to access acrylic copolymers containing exactly one chemical handle at a defined position, enabling novel macromolecular architectures to probe structure-function properties, introduce sites for de/reconstruction, store information, etc.

One-Pot Reversible Complexation-Mediated Polymerization (RCMP) from Benzylic Alcohols for Facile Access to Polymer-Grafted Lignin.

One-pot synthesis of methacrylic and acrylic polymers from benzylic alcohols (R-OH) used as initiating moieties was developed. R-OH was converted to alkyl iodide (R-I), and the generated R-I was used as an initiator without purification or isolation in the subsequent reversible complexation mediated polymerization (RCMP), leading to one-pot RCMP from R-OH. As a useful application, this technique was exploited for one-pot polymer-grafting from lignin that is the second most abundant renewable carbon-source on earth and bears benzylic alcohols. The direct initiation from lignin eliminates tedious initiator attachment and purification, offering a facile access to polymer-grafted lignin. The obtained polymer-grafted lignin was utilized to form an efficient UV-absorbing film with high transparency in visible region. One-pot RCMP may serve as a practical method to obtain value-added functional lignin-polymer composites.

One‐Pot Reversible Complexation‐Mediated Polymerization (RCMP) from Benzylic Alcohols for Facile Access to Polymer‐Grafted Lignin

AbstractOne‐pot synthesis of methacrylic and acrylic polymers from benzylic alcohols (R−OH) used as initiating moieties was developed. R−OH was converted to alkyl iodide (R−I), and the generated R−I was used as an initiator without purification or isolation in the subsequent reversible complexation mediated polymerization (RCMP), leading to one‐pot RCMP from R−OH. As a useful application, this technique was exploited for one‐pot polymer‐grafting from lignin that is the second most abundant renewable carbon‐source on earth and bears benzylic alcohols. The direct initiation from lignin eliminates tedious initiator attachment and purification, offering a facile access to polymer‐grafted lignin. The obtained polymer‐grafted lignin was utilized to form an efficient UV‐absorbing film with high transparency in visible region. One‐pot RCMP may serve as a practical method to obtain value‐added functional lignin‐polymer composites.

Realizing Cross-linking-free Acrylic Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives with Intensive Chain Entanglement through Visible-Light-Mediated Photoiniferter-Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain-Transfer Polymerization.

A versatile and simplified synthesis scheme for intensively entangled acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) was developed in this study by leveraging visible-light-driven controlled radical polymerization (photoiniferter/reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization) of acrylic copolymers under a controlled manner; the approach was differentiated by a single factor; molecular weight (Mw up to 2.8 MDa) with identical compositions. By manipulating Mw up to ultra-high ranges, PSAs with diversified viscoelastic properties were prepared and then assessed with a focus on realizing PSAs with a maximized degree of entanglement per chain through domination of high Mw contents, to help achieve excellent cohesiveness without a reinforcing cross-linking network. Moreover, fully linear solvent-soluble poly(acrylate)s were synthesized to facilitate reprocessing and reuse, highlighting the sustainability of the devised method and, consequently, its potential to be applied for effectively reducing industrial or daily waste.

The Role of MWCNTs in Enhancing the Foam Stability and Rheological Behavior of Cement Pastes That Contain Air-Entraining and Superplasticizer Admixtures.

This research delves into the intricate dynamics between multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), air-entraining admixtures (AEAs), and a range of superplasticizers (SPs) in cementitious systems, shedding light on key aspects of construction material innovation. The focus is on how MWCNTs, AEAs, and specific SPs-namely, lignosulfonate (LS), polycarboxylate (PCE), and polyacrylate (PA)-influence the stability of foams and the viscosity and setting times of cement pastes. To assess the impacts of these components, we employed foam stability assessments, viscosity measurement techniques, electrical conductivity analysis, and evaluations of dispersion and setting times. Results indicate that MWCNTs enhance foam stability and viscosity, with the degree of improvement contingent on the type and concentration of SPs and the presence of AEAs. Notably, SPs, particularly PCE and PA, markedly influence the properties of cement paste, including increasing dispersion values and modulating setting times, especially when combined with MWCNTs and AEAs. The study concludes that strategically combining MWCNTs with specific SPs and AEAs alters the physical properties of cementitious materials significantly, underscoring the potential for customizing material design in the construction sector.

Self-Healing UV-Curable Urethane (Meth)acrylates with Various Soft Segment Chemistry

This study explores the synthesis and evaluation of UV-curable urethane (meth)acrylates (UA) incorporating a Diels–Alder adduct (HODA), diisocyanate, poly(ethylene glycol), and hydroxy (meth)acrylate. Six UAs, distinguished by the soft segment of polymer chains, underwent comprehensive characterization using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. Real-time monitoring of the UV-curing process and analysis of self-healing properties were performed. The research investigates the influence of various molecular weights of PEGs on the self-healing process, revealing dependencies on photopolymerization kinetics, microstructure, thermal properties, and thermoreversibility of urethane (meth)acrylates. This work provides valuable insights into the development of UV-curable coatings with tailored properties for potential applications in advanced materials.

Soft intercalated slope stability optimization with a modified polymer curing agent

The demand for high-grade roads is significantly higher in developing countries. However, slopes containing coal gangue weak interlayer pose significant safety risks to highways, railways, and other infrastructures. To address this issue, this study aims to find the best polymer cement ratio scheme of traditional pure acrylic emulsion polymer curing agents. Based on this scheme, a reinforcement method was designed, which combined modified polyvinyl acetate with the coal gangue soft interlayer. The slope test results using a rigid model box showed that the shear strength of the root–soil composite in the PVAC group was higher than that in the pure acrylic emulsion group under different vertical consolidation pressures. Over time, the cumulative soil loss rate of the pure acrylic emulsion group gradually increased, and the soil pH decreased. Conversely, the PVAC group showed minimal changes in these two indicators with time. Under the same conditions, the slope shear strength of the PVAC group remained stronger than that of the pure acrylic emulsion group. The standard deviations of multiple tests for the PVAC group and pure acrylic emulsion group, under a vertical consolidation pressure of 100 kPa, were 7.2 kPa and 9.2 kPa, respectively, indicating greater stability in the PVAC group. With a stability coefficient of 3.39, which surpasses that of the pure acrylic emulsion group, the PVAC group exhibited enhanced slope stability. These results indicate that this method can effectively enhance the stability of coal gangue soft interlayer slopes without causing environmental pollution.

Omniphobic coatings based on functional acrylic polymer

Omniphobic coatings based on functional acrylic polymer

Optically Transparent and Color-Stable Elastomer with Structural Coloration under Elongation.

Optically transparent and colored elastomers with high toughness are expected to play an important role in the construction of advanced medical materials, wearable displays, and soft robots. In this study, we found that composite elastomers consisting of amorphous SiO2 particles homogeneously dispersed in high concentrations within a biocompatible acrylic polymer network exhibit optical transparency and bright structural colors. In the composite elastomers, the system in which the SiO2 particles form a colloidal amorphous array hardly changes its structural color hue despite deformation due to elongation. Furthermore, the composite elastomer of the SiO2 particles with the acrylic polymer network also results in high mechanical toughness. In summary, we have shown that the elastomer that exhibits fade-resistant structural coloration formed from safe materials can combine stable coloration and mechanical strength independent of their shape. This is expected to have new potential in future technologies to support our daily life.