Capital Acquisition Research Articles

Can Income Inequality be Affected by the Interaction Between ICTs and Human Capital?: The Evidence from Developing Countries.

Income inequality in developing countries remains a major concern. It has been established that higher inequality makes a greater proportion of the population vulnerable to poverty. This paper aimed to analyse the effect of the interaction between ICTs and human capital on income inequality in developing countries. Covering 89 developing countries for the period 2000 to 2015 and based on panel fixed effects instrumental variables technique, this study finds that the interaction between ICTs and human capital reduces overall income inequality on the one hand, and on the other, leads to an increase in the income shares of the poorest, and in particular relative to the richest in developing countries. Furthermore, the interaction between ICTs and human capital reinforces the impact of ICTs on income inequality in developing countries. These results suggest that prioritizing the acquisition of human capital by the poorest, as well as promoting access to and use of ICTs for the benefit of the poorest would significantly contribute to reduce overall income inequality and increase income shares of the poorest in developing countries.

Government Board of Director: The influence of Director Identifications on Human Capital Acquisition and Board Oversight Roles

Government Board of Director: The influence of Director Identifications on Human Capital Acquisition and Board Oversight Roles

Re-thinking human capital acquisition for entrepreneurship: A holistic multidimensional approach

Re-thinking human capital acquisition for entrepreneurship: A holistic multidimensional approach

Industry 4.0 and Its Implications on Human Resource Management Practices: A Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis

The integration of digital technology into diverse industries and service sectors is revolutionizing workplaces and reshaping human resource practices. The incorporation of cutting-edge technologies associated with the Fourth Industrial Revolution, commonly known as Industry 4.0, is redefining the dynamics of work, learning, leadership, management, recruitment, and interpersonal interactions. This paper aims to provide an in-depth understanding of Industry 4.0 and its implications on human resource management (HRM), promoting directions for HRM professionals and academics to confront the challenges associated with Industry 4.0. The study utilized a methodology of bibliometrics analysis including network analysis, co-citation network, historiography, cluster analysis, three-field analysis, thematic map, and content analysis (CA) to analyze 269 documents from the Scopus database to identify hitherto research on this topic of HRM and industry 4.0. Additionally, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to propose future research directions in industry 4.0 and HRM practices. The findings suggest that the focus of research in this field is on the impact of Industry 4.0 on various HRM functions such as recruitment, selection, orientation, training and development, performance analysis, and compensation management for human capital acquisition, nurturing, and retention. The study offers managerial insights for organizations to navigate the evolving landscape and leverage digital technology for enhanced HR functions, thereby effectively managing their workforce.

How Does Internet Use Promote Farmer Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Rural China

Entrepreneurship and innovation are important driving forces for economic sustainable development. Despite the rapid popularity of the Internet in rural areas, whether—and if so, how—the Internet use may affect farmer entrepreneurship remains a key research gap. This paper studies the impact of the use of the Internet on farmer entrepreneurship and its mechanism by using Probit model, the Karlson–Holm–Breen (KHB) method and China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) dataset from 2014 to 2018. It is found that: (1) Use of the Internet has a positive impact on farmer entrepreneurship, and this result remains robust after addressing endogeneity. (2) Necessity entrepreneurship is more likely to be affected by use of the Internet than opportunity entrepreneurship. (3) Use of the Internet can significantly influence necessity entrepreneurship by affecting farmers’ risk attitude, social capital and information acquisition, while opportunity entrepreneurship is not affected by these mediating effects. (4) Among three mediating effects, the effect of social capital accounts for the largest contribution to the impact of the use of the Internet on farmer entrepreneurship. Our empirical findings could provide theoretical references for policies or reforms intended to promote entrepreneurship in rural regions.

Research on farmers' households credit behavior and social capital acquisition.

Farmer's credit is significant to growing the farmer's revenue and the progression of the rural economy. Several scholars have focused on the impact of social capital on the farmers' credit availability, but the research deduction is still not combined. In addition, credit behavior is an important element that researchers pay attention to. However, the study mainly focuses on the effects of social capital on the credit behavior of farmer households and its large positive effect, a scientific approach for measuring farmer households' social capital was presented. The strategy attempted to develop an empirical model of farmer households' loan behavior based on business performance and the role of social capital. Through regression analysis of the influence of social capital on the channels of farmer households' access to credit, it was determined that the error correlation coefficients of the credit by the formal channel and the informal channel were 0.153, 0.158, and 0.152, respectively, for the three models. The significance levels of the correlation coefficients were all greater than 1 percent, showing that the regression results were relatively accurate and passed the significance test. However, these results indicated that financial channels pay attention to farmers' credit and social capital acquisition to reduce the risk of advancing. Moreover, informal money lenders such as friends and relatives focused on the social capital of the farmer. The study is helpful for policymakers to make the strategies for the farmer to get credit behavior from financial institutions. Moreover, this study is beneficial in highlighting some limitations and giving future directions to researchers.

The Impact of Entrepreneurs’ Social Capital on Innovation Performance in Chinese Small and Medium-sized Technological Enterprises : Knowledge Acquisition as a Mediating Variable

Entrepreneurs’ social capital (internal and external) refers to the extensive social relationship network established, developed and maintained by entrepreneurs inside and outside the enterprise. Based on the data of 506 entrepreneurs’ social capital collected through questionnaires, this study explores the impact of entrepreneurs’ social capital (internal and external) on knowledge acquisition and innovation performance in China’s SMTEs (Small and Medium-sized Technological Enterprises). The results show that the entrepreneurs’ social capital (internal and external) and knowledge acquisition have a significant positive impact on the innovation performance of Chinese SMTEs. Meanwhile, knowledge acquisition plays a mediating role in the relationship between entrepreneurs’ social capital and innovation performance.

The Influence of Entrepreneur's Social Capital and Resource Acquisition on Enterprise's Innovation Ability -- A Case Study of Guangdong Entrepreneurs

The Influence of Entrepreneur's Social Capital and Resource Acquisition on Enterprise's Innovation Ability -- A Case Study of Guangdong Entrepreneurs

Children’s school attendance, work, health and rainfall shocks in Ethiopia

ABSTRACT The relationship between rainfall and primary-school-age children’s school attendance, school absence, work and health in rural Ethiopia is investigated. The focus is on how these relationships may differ by children’s gender. An increase in rainfall relative to longer-term average rainfall is associated with increased school attendance by girls and decreased school attendance by boys. An increase in rainfall is associated with increased probability of working by boys and decreased probability of working by girls; no significant change in weekly hours worked by boys and decreased work hours by girls. The implication for boys is that more of them work when there is more rainfall, but those already working work fewer hours. An increase in rainfall frees girls’ time, so they can potentially devote more attention to their schooling. An increase in rainfall is associated with lower school enrolment by boys but fewer hours of work for those already working. In terms of human capital acquisition, these two forces work in opposite ways for boys. An implication of these findings is that policies that offset income shocks arising from reduced rainfall are expected to result in increase in girls’ human capital and potentially reduce future gender economic disparities.

Bond liquidity and investment

This paper examines the effects of bond liquidity on firms’ investments. We postulate that bond liquidity increases firms’ investment opportunities by reducing the cost of capital and improving access to financing. Using the variation in liquidity generated by several – both positive and negative – exogenous shocks, we find that firms respond to positive (negative) shocks by expanding (contracting) capital expenditures and acquisition activity. Further, by enhancing access to funding, bond liquidity facilitates acquisition financing and reduces the likelihood of investment delays. We also find a positive impact of bond liquidity on market valuations and profitability, suggesting that these investments are value-increasing.

Impact of Intellectual Human Capital and Knowledge Acquisition Capabilities on Financial Performances of Indigenous Craft Industries in Sri Lanka

The study seeks to investigate the impact of intellectual human capital and knowledge acquisition capabilities on the firm’s financial performance, particularly in indigenous craft industries in Sri Lanka. The quantitative data were collected from 355 owners of indigenous craft industries located in traditional handicrafts villages in Sri Lanka and analyzed with the help of a Partial Least Squire Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM). The empirical results show that intellectual human capital has a significant positive impact on the financial performance of indigenous craft industries. Further, it was found that knowledge acquisition capabilities have a significant positive impact on the firm’s financial performance. In addition, the study identified that knowledge acquisition capabilities have a significant positive mediating effect on the relationship between intellectual human capital and the firm’s financial performance. Thus, the study found that the intellectual human capital of owners is the most powerful intangible resource, which has a significant positive impact on a firm’s financial performance. The study suggests to owners of the indigenous craft industries, policymakers, donors, and others to incorporate the strategies to develop and strengthen the efficiency and productivity of intellectual human capital to improve their financial performance.

Asset Prices and Unemployment Fluctuations: A Resolution of the Unemployment Volatility Puzzle

Abstract Recent work has demonstrated that existing solutions of the unemployment volatility puzzle are at odds with the procylicality of the opportunity cost of employment, the cyclicality of wages, and the volatility of risk-free rates. We propose a model of business cycles that is immune to these critiques by incorporating two key features. First, we allow for preferences that generate time-varying risk over the business cycle to account for observed fluctuations in asset prices. Second, we introduce human capital acquisition, as is consistent with the evidence on how wages grow with experience in the labor market. Our model reproduces the observed fluctuations in unemployment because hiring a worker is a risky investment with long-duration returns. As in the data, the price of risk in our model sharply increases in recessions. The benefit from hiring new workers therefore greatly declines, leading to a large decrease in job vacancies and an increase in unemployment of the same magnitude as in the data. We show that our results extend to versions of the model that include physical capital, a life cycle for workers, and alternative preference structures common in the asset-pricing literature.

The impact of oil and gas job opportunities during youth on human capital

AbstractLeaving school to work trades off schooling with on‐the‐job human capital acquisition. How do industry shocks impact how youth make this trade‐off? Exploiting the geography of natural resources, I estimate the effect of oil and gas job prospects on college and work outcomes. Using CPS data, I find that these job opportunities decrease college‐going for men but not women. I next assess the importance of this schooling loss for later outcomes using longitudinal geocoded NLSY79 data. I find permanent declines in college attainment but gains in employment and earnings at ages 25–30, driven by cohorts who reach college age during industry booms. The results suggest that informal human capital can compensate for schooling loss for the men who leave school for oil and gas work. They speak to the need for further research on non‐college work as a form of human capital investment outside of the traditional college pathway.

Workplace Romance and Job Performance: Mediation Through Relational Capital and Knowledge Acquisition

There is a lot of loving going on in the offices. The fact is that we are all human beings and when you put human beings together for 8 or 10 hours a day stuff is just going to happen which have its impact. This study examines the effect of lateral heterosexual workplace romance on employee performance. We examined the role of relational capital and knowledge acquisition as serial mediators in the relationship between workplace romance and employee performance. By collecting data in three rounds from 394 doctors working in Chinese hospitals through surveys and using structural equation modeling and bootstrapping, we found that lateral heterosexual workplace romance positively influences employee performance. We also found that the two serial mediators—relational capital, and knowledge acquisition—significantly mediate the effect of workplace romance on employee performance. Our study has important implications for managers and policymakers as the positive effects of a workplace romance are not confined to those involved; instead, these effects go beyond personal knowledge and job-related and psychological outcomes to have constructive, as well as affective influences in the form of positive emotions, care, trust, and reciprocity.

Social Capital, Dynamic Capability and Management Consultancy Client Acquisition-a Case in China

In China, consulting companies usually take management training as an ordinary paid service or a mere free service beyond their consultancy business. However, management training can also function as an effective means for new business client acquisition. Omnibus training attracts new clients basically in project level consultancy, custom training brings new clients further in functional level consultancy, while leadership coaching magnetizes new clients intensively in corporate level consultancy. The authors conduct a case study of a Chinese management consulting company making use of the training opportunities in real estate industry, analyze its practice basing on the theories of social capital, dynamic capability and client acquisition.

‘Even if we are Roma, we are clean, respectful, and always went to school’

The aim of the present research is to analyse how some Roma in Romania become educationally mobile. Based on the cultural wealth model and the constructivist approaches to ethnicity and scholarship in relation to cultural racism, I intended to take stock of the forms of capital Roma persons make use of when ascending. I considered that the narrative type of interviews could be a successful means of generating a better understanding of the meaning and functioning of capitals. Narratives inform us that the same type of capital may appear in different forms: family capital may denote not ‘just’ the transmission of the importance of education to children but protection from racial insults, too. Institutional agents (as sources of social capital acquisition) – despite their good will – may equally facilitate the inclusion of and reproduce unequal racial categorization. Behaving differently, in opposition to the stereotypes associated with the Roma (low educational attainment, early marriage, poverty), is a conscious choice that may help many of the Roma to resist racial attacks.

The value of the serious leisure perspective in understanding cultural capital embodiment in festival settings

Festivals have been conceptualised as serious leisure activities as well as arenas for cultural capital acquisition and embodiment. However, there is still theoretical confusion surrounding the process of cultural embodiment, especially in leisure practices. This article suggests that the serious leisure perspective, in combination with cultural capital ideas, offers a means of deepening understanding of how cultural capital can be embodied in festival settings. To make its arguments, the article draws on qualitative data collected at two long-established literary festivals, one in Ireland and one in Italy. Observations and interviews with festival participants were used to develop an understanding of participants’ cultural capital embodiment. The article suggests that the serious leisure perspective is a valuable theory to throw light on three elements of cultural embodiment at festivals: (1) body; (2) pre-existing cultural resources; (3) time. Interlinking serious leisure with cultural capital leads to an in-depth analysis of how culture is embodied during festivals. This article demonstrates the value of using serious leisure and the embodied state of cultural capital ideas in tandem to further understand cultural embodiment in festivals. The study concludes by suggesting potential future studies and areas of research.

양도소득세와 취득세 및 주택임대소득세제의 정책방향

Capital gain tax and acquisition tax are representative real estate related taxes of Korea as well as comprehensive real estate tax. In case of capital gain tax, tax-free conditions of one-household-one house cases were re- peatedly strengthened and relieved and acquisition tax rates were increased and decreased depending on real estate price fluctuation. That is, when real estate prices fell, the policy to reduce tax burden of real estate was executed by relieving tax-free conditions of one-household-one house cases or reducing acquisition tax rates and, when real estate prices rose, the policy to increase tax burden of real estate was executed by strengthening tax-free conditions of one-household-one house cases or increasing acquisition tax rates. However, it is questionable whether it was effective to change real estate taxation system depending on real estate price fluctuation and the effect might be negative in most of cases. In such respect, the measures to improve capital gain tax and acquisition tax may be arranged as shown below. First, in case of capital gain tax, it is desirable to increase the standard of a high-price house from KRW 1.2 billion to KRW 1.5 billion. Second, when it would be desirable to define a one-household-one house case based on dwelling period rather than possession period. Third, as special deduction for long-term possession basically intends removal of nominal gain, it is desirable to apply special deduction for long- term possession in case of multi-house holders, too. Fourth, it would be desirable to abrogate heavy tax rates exceeding 50% for short-term holders and multi-house holders. Fifth, it would not be desirable to reduce overall acquisition tax rates. Sixth, it is desirable to maintain current 4% of acquisition tax rate for acquisition of houses with payment and to abrogate high acquisition tax rates for multi-house holders. Seventh, it is required to set consistent taxation benefit in case of house rental income taxation system in order to give predictability and legal stability to registered rental businessmen.

Social support acquisition in online health communities: a social capital perspective

PurposeThe authors empirically examined social capital factors affecting patients' social support acquisition with the aim of providing guidance to patients seeking social support online.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used social network analysis to extract data about social capital factors from online health communities and text mining to identify forms of informational support and emotional support grounded in online, text-based communication. Moreover, the authors employed a random coefficient model to understand the dynamic influence of social capital factors on both informational and emotional support.FindingsThe results from the empirical analyses show that structural connections have a lasting impact on the acquisition of both types of support; that is, social connections developed in the past will have an effect on the future. For relational capital, strong ties were less important; the quantity of connections mattered more than the quality when acquiring informational support. The use of health-related language increased the amount of informational support acquired. Over time, patients gained increasing social support, which primarily came from the patients' historical threads, likely via searches from peers facilitated by accumulated social capital.Originality/valueThe authors' research adds to the literature on social capital and social support in online health communities by exploring how the three dimensions of social capital affect social support acquisition. The authors' research also contributes to the online health care literature by examining social support from a dynamic perspective. Practically, the authors' findings provide guidance for patients on what decisions to make to acquire more social support.

Anatomy of entrepreneurship: Using key competencies to drive social capital acquisition and develop social entrepreneurship practices in MBA education

This research produces a content analysis of a U.S. social entrepreneurship (SE)–focused graduate management program which examines the intersection of SE key competencies and SE practices that produce avenues of accessibility for SE MBA students. This paper puts previously proposed SE key competencies in dialogue with theories of practice, identifying how curricular and practicum practices are performed through an examination of public-facing program documentation, which includes websites, social media, and curricula. Results show that social capitals are manifest in SE practices that work both internally and externally to define the SE field and foster meaningful SE education. Four patterns of practice are crucial to creating accessibility and engaging multiple stakeholders: institutional practices which instill an active and outward-facing institutional presence, practices of a student-centered organization that bridge and link entrepreneurs, valuation practices incorporating sustainability, and persistent external engagements. These findings provide a roadmap to guide management programs in creating knowledgeable and effective social entrepreneurs, and suggest that this multi-pronged approach to creating SE pathways of practice addresses the complex and pluralistic problems that lie at the core of social innovation projects.