Investment In Acquisition Research Articles

Predictable shifts from nutrient to energy limitation determine the responses of planktonic autotrophs, bacteria and mixoplankton to browning

Abstract Within aquatic ecosystems, heterotrophic, mixotrophic and autotrophic plankton are entangled in a complex network of competitive, predatory and mutualistic interactions. “Browning,” the increase of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) from terrestrial catchments, can affect this network of interactions by simultaneously decreasing light availability and increasing organic carbon and nutrients supplies. Here, we introduce a conceptual, process-based numerical model to investigate the effects of browning on a microbial food web consisting of heterotrophic bacterioplankton, bacterivorous phago-mixoplankton, autotrophic phytoplankton and the resources light, inorganic phosphorus and DOM. Additionally, we explore how the investment in autotrophic vs. phagotrophic resource acquisition influences mixoplankton performance. Several model predictions are in broad agreement with empirical observations under increasing CDOM supply, including increased bacterial biomass and inorganic phosphorous, decreased light penetration, the potential for a unimodal phytoplankton biomass response and a local minimum in mixoplankton biomass. Our results also suggest that mixoplankton with a high investment in phototrophy perform best in many conditions but that phosphorous acquisition via prey is crucial under high light-low nutrient conditions. Overall, our model analyses suggest that responses to altered CDOM supply are largely determined by systematic changes in the relative importance of nutrient vs. energy limitation of each plankton group.

EFFICIENT METHOD FOR FORECASTING SOLAR IRRADIANCE - A REVIEW

Efficient solar irradiance forecasting is essential for optimizing solar energy systems and integrating renewable energy sources into power grids. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of various forecasting methods to inform energy management and grid integration strategies. It compares physical models, statistical approaches, machine learning techniques, and hybrid models, using specific criteria such as accuracy, computational efficiency, and data requirements. Physical models like Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) provide detailed atmospheric simulations but are computationally intensive. Statistical models, such as ARIMA, are simpler yet struggle with non-linear data. Machine learning methods, particularly Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, effectively capture complex data relationships but require substantial datasets and computing power. Hybrid models, which combine physical and machine learning approaches, achieve high accuracy and are suitable for real-time applications despite increased computational costs. One of the key findings indicates that hybrid models offer high accuracy but demand significant computational resources and offer the best balance between accuracy and computational efficiency. However, challenges such as data quality, geographic and temporal variability, and model complexity persist. Emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, big data, and quantum computing present promising solutions for enhanced irradiance forecasting. The review highlighted the models’ limitations and strengths to facilitate informed decision making and concluded with recommendation of the adoption of hybrid models, investment in data acquisition and sharing technologies, balancing model complexity with practicality as steps towards improved irradiance forecasting for grid integration and stability to ensure sustainable yet cost-effective energy solutions.

Recovery of Soil Microbial Metabolism After Rewetting Depends on Interacting Environmental Conditions and Changes in Functional Groups and Life History Strategies.

Climate change is causing an intensification of soil drying and rewetting events, altering microbial functioning and potentially destabilizing soil organic carbon. After rewetting, changes in microbial community carbon use efficiency (CUE), investment in life history strategies, and fungal to bacterial dominance co-occur. Still, we have yet to generalize what drives these dynamic responses. Here, we collated 123 time series of microbial community growth (G, sum of fungal and bacterial growth, evaluated by leucine and acetate incorporation, respectively) and respiration (R) after rewetting and calculated CUE = G/(G + R). First, we characterized CUE recovery by two metrics: maximum CUE and time to maximum CUE. Second, we translated microbial growth and respiration data into microbial investments in life history strategies (high yield (Y), resource acquisition (A), and stress tolerance (S)). Third, we characterized the temporal change in fungal to bacterial dominance. Finally, the metrics describing the CUE recovery, investment in life history strategies, and fungal to bacterial dominance after rewetting were explained by environmental factors and microbial properties. CUE increased after rewetting as fungal dominance declined, but the maximum CUE was explained by the CUE under moist conditions, rather than specific environmental factors. In contrast, higher soil pH and carbon availability accelerated the decline of microbial investment in stress tolerance and fungal dominance. We conclude that microbial CUE recovery is mostly driven by the shifting microbial community composition and the metabolic capacity of the community, whereas changes in microbial investment in life history strategies and fungal versus bacterial dominance depend on soil pH and carbon availability.

Optimization of Solar PV System Efficiency in Bangladesh

This paper presents a comprehensive review and analysis of Sarishabari Engreen Solar Plant Ltd., a 3.3 MW grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system located in Sarishabari, Jamalpur, Bangladesh. The study evaluates the plant's economic and operational performance, revealing a competitive payback period of 10.1 years and a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of 0.11 USD/kWh. These metrics highlight the plant's financial viability, largely due to the low cost of public land used for construction. However, profitability may be challenged if similar projects require significant investments in private land acquisition. Key areas for improvement identified include optimizing the tilt angle and integrating smart automation systems. Additionally, the potential for hybrid renewable energy systems combining solar and wind power is discussed. The paper also provides actionable recommendations for future renewable projects, emphasizing the importance of advanced technologies, and supportive policies. These insights aim to inform the optimization of existing solar PV systems and guide the development of future renewable energy projects in Bangladesh, contributing to the country's sustainable energy goals.

Phosphorus availability influences disease-suppressive soil microbiome through plant-microbe interactions.

Soil nutrient status and soil-borne diseases are pivotal factors impacting modern intensive agricultural production. The interplay among plants, soil microbiome, and nutrient regimes in agroecosystems is essential for developing effective disease management. However, the influence of nutrient availability on soil-borne disease suppression and associated plant-microbe interactions remains to be fully explored. This study aims to elucidate the mechanistic understanding of nutrient impacts on disease suppression, using phosphorous as a target nutrient. A 6-year field trial involving monocropping of tomatoes with varied fertilizer manipulations demonstrated that phosphorus availability is a key factor driving the control of bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Subsequent greenhouse experiments were then conducted to delve into the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon by varying phosphorus availability for tomatoes challenged with the pathogen. Results showed that the alleviation of phosphorus stress promoted the disease-suppressive capacity of the rhizosphere microbiome, but not that of the bulk soil microbiome. This appears to be an extension of the plant trade-off between investment in disease defense mechanisms versus phosphorus acquisition. Adequate phosphorus levels were associated with elevated secretion of root metabolites such as L-tryptophan, methoxyindoleacetic acid, O-phosphorylethanolamine, or mangiferin, increasing the relative density of microbial biocontrol populations such as Chryseobacterium in the rhizosphere. On the other hand, phosphorus deficiency triggered an alternate defense strategy, via root metabolites like blumenol A or quercetin to form symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which facilitated phosphorus acquisition as well. Overall, our study shows how phosphorus availability can influence the disease suppression capability of the soil microbiome through plant-microbial interactions. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing nutrient regimes to enhance disease suppression, facilitating targeted crop management and boosting agricultural productivity. Video Abstract.

Venous blood collection systems using evacuated tubes: a systematic review focusing on safety, efficacy and economic implications of integrated vs. combined systems.

Venous blood collection systems (VBCSs) are combinations of in-vitro diagnostics and medical devices, usually available as integrated set. However, purchasing and using a combination of devices from different sets is considered by clinical laboratories as an option to achieve specific sampling tasks or reduce costs. This systematic review aimed to retrieve available evidence regarding safety, efficacy, and economic aspects of VBCSs, focusing on differences between integrated and combined systems. The literature review was carried out in PubMed. Cited documents and resources made available by scientific organisations were also screened. Extracted evidence was clustered according to Quality/Efficacy/Performance, Safety, and Costs/Procurement domains and discussed in the current European regulatory framework. Twenty documents published between 2010 and 2021 were included. There was no evidence to suggest equivalence between combined and integrated VBCSs in terms of safety and efficacy. Scientific society's consensus documents and product standards report that combined VBCS can impact operators' and patients' safety. Analytical performances and overall efficacy of combined VBCSs are not guaranteed without whole system validation and verification. EU regulatory framework clearly allocates responsibilities for the validation and verification of an integrated VBCS, but not for combined VBCSs, lacking information about the management of product nonconformities and post-market surveillance. Laboratory validation of combined VBCS demands risk-benefit and cost-benefit analyses, a non-negligible organisational and economic burden, and investment in knowledge acquisition. Implications in terms of laboratory responsibility and legal liability should be part of a comprehensive assessment of safety, efficacy, and cost carried out during device procurement.

The race for critical minerals in Africa: A blessing or another resource curse?

There is currently an exponential growth in the global demand for critical minerals, particularly lithium, to meet clean energy and decarbonisation objectives. However, sustainable supply of these minerals is at risk due to declining ore grades, available extraction and processing technologies, socio-environmental concerns, and geopolitical challenges. Africa hosts substantial critical minerals resources, and the continent is currently being positioned as a major global player in the critical minerals supply chain. As a result, there is a rush for Africa's critical mineral resources through investment in exploration activities and license acquisition by foreign mining companies. Drawing on the case of lithium mining in Africa, we analysed the urgency claims of critical minerals in the African context and assessed the inherent socio-ecological impacts. We found that the urgency claims of critical minerals largely serve the geostrategic and economic interests of western countries and China. The rush for Africa's critical minerals is producing significant socio-ecological impacts, including driving loss of rich biodiversity, displacement of communities and breeding new forms of illegalities in the resource sector. Based on our findings, we argue that the current race for Africa's critical mineral resources does not serve the interest of Africa and it is likely to create adverse long-term socio-ecological impacts rather than benefits for the continent unless appropriate sustainable measures, including strategic planning, are carefully considered, and fully implemented. Our findings have implications for policies seeking to promote sustainable and responsible mining in Africa, and elsewhere with similar challenges.

Microbial nutrient limitation along a 2-million-year dune chronosequence

Long-term ecosystem development is characterized by a switch from nitrogen (N) to phosphorus (P) limitation of plant communities as soils age, which leads to changes in plant biomass, diversity, and foliar nutrient concentrations. Similar effects occur belowground, although the extent to which nutrient availability is the primary driver of long-term changes in soil microbial communities remains uncertain. To investigate this, we assessed proxies for soil microbial nutrient limitation along the Jurien Bay dune chronosequence in Western Australia, where a long-term decline in P availability is reflected in strong variation in plant and microbial community composition over 2 million years of soil development. We quantified carbon (C), N, and P in the soil microbial biomass, assayed soil enzymes involved in the acquisition of those nutrients from soil organic matter, and used microbial stoichiometric ratios and vector analysis of enzyme activities to assess whether long-term changes in soil nutrient availability are reflected in nutrient demand by soil microbes. Concentrations of microbial nutrients peaked in Holocene soils (1–6.5 ky), although differences in microbial P were not significant. There were no significant differences in microbial nutrient ratios (C:N, C:P, and N:P) along the chronosequence. Acid phosphatase activity increased continually throughout the chronosequence, while the activities of leucine aminopeptidase and β-glucosidase were greatest in Holocene soils and declined with increasing soil age. Corresponding vector lengths indicated greater investment in C-degrading enzymes in Holocene soils (≤6.5 ky), while vector angles indicated greater investment in the acquisition of P compared with N in Pleistocene soils (≥120 ky). Overall, these findings show that changes in nutrient availability during long-term pedogenesis at Jurien Bay are reflected in microbial investment in nutrient acquisition, but that the soil microbial biomass exhibits a remarkable degree of homeostasis despite major shifts in nutrient availability and community composition over 2 million years of ecosystem development.

Does Chinese Investment into Europe Facilitate Strategic Asset Growth in the Chinese Parent Company? The Role of Entry Mode

Strategic asset seeking foreign direct investment has undergone tremendous growth over the past decade. This paper first attempts to evaluate the location choice of such investments in Europe. We find that Chinese companies target strategic assets in Europe. The paper then moves to understand the efficacy of these investments in terms of the creation of strategic assets in the Chinese parent company. Our results show the intangible assets of Chinese domestic parent firms significantly increase in the wake of their investments. For greenfield investments, there is a longer time-lag in creation of intangible strategic assets than for acquisitions. However, greenfield investments result in a larger increase in intangible asset creation than acquisition investments.

РОБОТ-ПОМОЩНИК ДЛЯ УДАЛЕНИЯ НАВОЗА В ФЕРМЕРСКИХ ХОЗЯЙСТВАХ

The robots’ use for manure cleaning on dairy cattle farms has several advantages. First of all, it allows to reduce physical stress on employees and work conditions improving. Robots can monotonous heavy tasks, such as manure collection, without the constant human involvement need performing. In addition, manure cleaning robots can be designed for optimal farm available space use making, as well as the environment negative impact minimizing. The cleaning robots’ technical equipment for dairy farms manure removal includes various sensors, cameras, navigation systems and other innovative solutions that allow them tasks with high accuracy and autonomy effectively to perform. However, it must be borne in mind that the robots introduction of on farms requires significant investments in development, acquisition and maintenance of such systems. Therefore, for this project successful implementation, it is necessary the economic feasibility and practical benefits’ assess of manure cleaning robots’ introduction to analyzing. Such robots will be similar to each other, that will their cost reduce, and their price directly affect the product’s profitability. Based on the analyzed information, the manure cleaning robots’ main technical characteristics with their advantages and disadvantages are revealed: the speed of robots is in the range between 6,2 and 10 m/min, productivity - is from 300 till 350 m2/h. The greatest interest for domestic production by manure cleaning robots using a scraper paired with a rotary-stator vacuum mechanism is represented. The data obtained as a study result can be used in manure cleaning robots new samples design, as well as by farmers when choosing a particular model on their farm purchasing.

Notions of Identity and Investment in Second Language Acquisition: Bangladeshi Indigenous Students’ Perspectives

Identity and investment are closely related to second language learning in many contexts. Many studies have been done on how second language learning aff ects the identity and investment of second language learners. Banking on the theory of identity, this article investigates how and why Bangladeshi students, belonging to indigenous communities, invest in second language learning and how their investment in L2 is linked to their agency. The study adopted an interpretative qualitative research paradigm and more precisely, utilized narrative inquiry as a research method to explore the lived experiences situated in a particular time, space and context. The findings exhibit that Bangladeshi ethnic students have made financial, physical, psychological and academic investments to own the linguistic, cultural and symbolic capital of English as a second language and such investment seems to be impacted by factors such as generating new identities (real or imagined), agency, neoliberalism and social justice. The research findings tend to have implications for second language teachers, researchers, SLA curriculum and material designers and other stakeholders in the Bangladeshi context or elsewhere.

Strategies employed by Sappi Forests for improved seed production of temperate and sub-tropical pine and eucalypt species, and their hybrids, for long-term sustainability in a changing environment

The annual demand and supply of genetically improved planting stock suitable for sites across varying landscapes, with changing climatic conditions and increasing pest and disease threats are becoming more complex. The agility for effective responses to long-term sustainability of commercial plantations, aimed at different markets, requires a significant investment in genetic resource acquisitions, tree breeding, land management, gene conservation and plant production systems. Tree breeding is one of our most important adaptation strategies in response to climate change and related challenges. These include pests and diseases, drought, frost, and delivery of fit-for-purpose fibre. To supply an annual demand of over sixty million plants, consisting of both pure species seedlings and hybrid cuttings, Sappi requires a well-established pipeline. In addition, this pipeline allows for the sale of between 30 and 40 million viable seeds to both the domestic and international markets. Early acquisition of pine and eucalypt genetic resources suitable for sub-tropical to warm temperate, cool temperate and cold areas has allowed the development of pure species base populations containing genotypes improved for the traits of interest. Through recurrent selection, these populations have been advanced. Key traits include growth, pest and disease tolerance, and wood properties. Various strategies have been adopted to reduce breeding cycles, convert from pure species seedlings to hybrid clonal varieties to sustain productivity. Production of commercial quantities of seed is a key step in translating breeding and development into realised operational gains. A range of orchard types such as breeding seedling seed orchards (BSO), seedling seed orchards (SSO) and clonal seed orchards (CSO) have been developed to produce not only open pollinated seed but also to allow production of control pollinated hybrid seed. Each orchard type and combination of elite genotypes delivers a specific seed product with varying levels of improvement. In addition, associated technologies to produce control pollinated seed have been developed for the advancement of both clonal eucalypt and pine family cutting programmes.

Response of soil micro-food web to nutrient limitation along a subtropical forest restoration

Forest ecosystem productivity and function is strongly influenced by the interaction between soil organisms and their resource use that can be impeded by an imbalance of ecological stoichiometry. Soil microorganisms are known to have an important role in biogeochemical cycling which is strongly influenced by ecological stoichiometry. However, there is limited understanding of how soil micro-food web respond to stoichiometric imbalances during forest restoration. Here, we investigated the effect of forest restoration on soil physio-chemical properties and the structure and function of soil micro-food web along a chronosequence of transformation stages: (i) early stage monoculture plantation of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) comprised of three age classes (5, 10 and 20 years); (ii) mid-stage conifer-broadleaved mixed forest; and (iii) late-stage mixed species broadleaved forest in south China. Results showed that forest restoration from C. lanceolata monocultures to mixed species broadleaved forest significantly increased soil organic carbon and total nitrogen. Soil bacteria, fungi, protists and nematodes abundance increased and the co-occurrence networks of soil biota became more complex and stable along the restoration chronosequence. In contrast, soil nitrogen and phosphorus limitations, particularly phosphorus limitation, increased along the chronosequence. In addition, soil exoenzyme activity suggested that the microbial investment in resource acquisition shifted from C- to nutrient-acquiring enzymes from the earlier to the later restoration stages. Availability of soil resources (e.g., dissolved organic carbon, ammonium, and available phosphate) appeared to have an important role in regulating soil food web composition, structure and stability during forest restoration. We conclude that nutrient limitation, particularly phosphorus limitation, likely has an important role in determining the stability of soil food webs during forest restoration. These findings contribute to our understanding of the relationships between soil nutrient limitation and soil micro-food web, and have implications for carbon sequestration through forest restoration and management in southern China.

Effectiveness of investment in business acquisition: Results of disclosures 2021–2022

Aim. To perform an assessment of the performance of investments in business acquisitions over the years to 2021 by analyzing the impairments recognized in 2021 and 2022.Objectives. To examine the possible approaches to analyze the performance of mergers and acquisitions; to elaborate on one of the approaches in the aspect of investigating the impairment of goodwill previously recognized as a result of company acquisitions; to analyze the indicators of available financial statements of companies for 2021 and 2022.Methods. The study is based on the analysis of consolidated financial statements of Russian companies and sample data on foreign companies. We considered individual transactions on foreign companies’ exit from the Russian market and assessed the effect of their influence on the financial statements of foreign companies.Results. The authors have carried out a post facto evaluation of the indicators of the largest Russian companies in the sample, assessed the possibilities of goodwill recovery as a result of M&A transactions. As a result of the analysis the conclusion is formed that the situation in the considered sector of economy remains stable. Meanwhile, foreign investors who have left the Russian market recognize significant impairment of investments in their financial statements.Conclusions. The prospect for further research is to conduct a more extensive analysis based on a larger sample of companies. In 2023, some companies that preferred not to publish their 2022 financial statements have started to disclose their financial results again. This provides an opportunity to continue the research begun in the paper on the results obtained and to make further refinements.

Extracellular polymeric substances are closely related to land cover, microbial communities, and enzyme activity in tropical soils

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) form the main matrix of microbial biofilms and play a crucial role in maintaining microbial life. However, factors influencing EPS concentration and production in soil are poorly understood. Here we show that EPS are closely related to microbial communities and nutrient acquisition in tropical forest and cropland soils with varying iron-aluminum-manganese concentrations and total reserve in base cations. We found under homogenized moisture and temperature conditions that EPS concentration and production efficiency (i.e., EPS per unit of microbial biomass) depend more on land cover than on geochemical soil properties. EPS concentration and production efficiency were higher in cropland than in forest soil and were related to the higher relative abundance of microbial sequences identified as Paenibacillaceae, Ramlibacter, Chaetosphaeria, Burkholderiaceae, and Xanthobacteraceae, pointing to potential EPS producers. In contrast, lower EPS concentration in forest soil was related to the higher relative abundance of microbial sequences associated with e.g., Gemmatimonas and Massilia, suggesting potential EPS degradation. We also found that EPS production efficiency was positively related to microbial investment in nutrient acquisition, implying that EPS production likely follows the same principles as extracellular enzyme activity. That is, EPS production may increase when resources are scarce to facilitate nutrient acquisition, and decrease when resources are abundant. Overall, microbial community composition and resource demand seem to control EPS degradation and accumulation in tropical soils, which could influence microbially-driven carbon and nutrient cycling.

Do controlling shareholders' equity pledges affect M&A investment? Evidence from listed companies in China

As a new financing method, equity pledges are popular in China’s capital market. With the emergence of new financing models, will the relationship between financing and investment in corporate financial management change? The purpose of this study is to determine whether the controlling shareholders' equity pledges affect corporate merger and acquisition (M&A) investment decisions. This paper uses data for listed companies from the China Stock Market & Accounting Research (CSMAR) database, and Stata 17 is used as the data processing software. The M&A variable is virtual and uses the logit model to study the relationship between controlling shareholders' equity pledges and M&A investments. To test the robustness of the results, we replace the key variables, transform the model, and use the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) method to obtain the same results. The study found a positive correlation between controlling shareholders' equity pledges and M&A investments. Further cross-sectional study shows that the positive correlation is stronger in state-owned companies, non-manufacturing companies, and companies with low pledge ratios. This study is conducive to standardizing the equity pledge behavior of listed companies and safeguarding the interests of investors.

At the "Ends of Kinship": Women Re(kin)figuring Literacy Practices in Protracted Displacement

In this article, I develop a conceptual framework, informed by “circles of kinship and friendship,” that contributes to my understanding of how close-knit ties to family, friends, and community in the context of disruptive migratory processes influence the selection, ebb and flow of women’s investments in language and literacy acquisition later in life. I pay close attention to the role of kinscripts in women’s literacy development. As a familiar concept within sociological studies of the family (Stack and Burton) and intergenerational literacy research (Gadsen), kinscripts is helpful in examining how family members navigate the life course across multiple generations, especially as their interactions are shaped by value systems and related behaviors patterned over their lifetime. Put to use as a verb, I consider how literacies kinscripted in earlier stages of life are in tension with resettlement imperatives experienced later in life, as social roles within the family are called into question by migration processes. Over the course of lives spanning refugee migrations, I illustrate how scripted family relationships that influenced women’s literacy investments earlier in life, shift toward non-biologically linked, intergenerational friendships later in life, rearticulating literate lives in critical solidarities around literacies that had not been made possible prior to resettlement. &nbsp

The Value of Data Records

Abstract Many e-commerce platforms use buyers’ personal data to intermediate their transactions with sellers. How much value do such intermediaries derive from the data record of each single individual? We characterize this value and find that one of its key components is a novel externality between records, which arises when the intermediary pools some records to withhold the information they contain. Our analysis has several implications about compensating individuals for the use of their data, guiding companies’ investments in data acquisition, and more broadly studying the demand side of data markets. Our methods combine modern information design with classic duality theory and apply to a large class of principal-agent problems.

The Real Effects of Analyst Research Quality: Evidence from the Adoption of the Broker Protocol

AbstractI provide empirical evidence that labour market frictions have an adverse effect on the quality of analyst research. Using the staggered, voluntary adoption of the Protocol for Broker Recruiting (Protocol) since 2004, I show that, without non‐compete agreements, financial analysts produce more accurate forecasts and exert greater efforts in updating their research more frequently. Consistent with the notion that information asymmetry in the capital market are lower in the post‐Protocol period, I provide empirical evidence and argue that the research coverage by Protocol members enables managers to access capital and extend their investment opportunities. My findings suggest that analyst coverage by Protocol members has a favourable effect on investment in innovative projects, production capacity and acquisitions.

Recent Development of Smart Field Deployment for Mature Waterflood Reservoirs

In the petroleum industry, artificial intelligence has been applied in seismic and logging interpretation, accurate modeling, optimized drilling operations, well dynamics prediction, safety warning, etc. However, field-scale application and deployment remain a challenge due to the lack of sufficiently powerful algorithms for the integration of multi-granularity data in the time and space domain, for the construction of a deep-learning network able to represent the evolution of well and reservoir dynamics, and finally the lack of investment in surveillance data acquisition. This paper offers a concise review of smart field deployment for mature waterflood reservoirs, including the current status of data foundation construction, and the research progress for applied AI algorithms, as well as application scenarios and overall deployment. With respect to data, the domestic and international oil and gas industry has completed or at least started the large-scale construction and deployment of lake data. However, the data isolation phenomenon is serious in China. Preparation for the integration of new monitoring data for the overall research of reservoirs is insufficient. With respect to algorithms, data-based and model-based AI algorithms have been emerging recently, but the development of the overall proxy model for rapid prediction and automatic model calibration is still in the preliminary period. For application scenarios, relatively simple and independent applications related to geophysical interpretation and production engineering are continuing to emerge, while large-scale reservoir and field application require substantial investment in data acquisition, game-changing algorithms with cloud-based computing architecture, and top-down deployment.