Acoustic Investigation Research Articles

Acoustic ecological investigation of estuary habitat on Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) in Yunlin, Taiwan

A sunspecies/population of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (IPHD, Sousa chinensis) lives in the shallow waters of Eastern Taiwan Strait. Their habitat is very close to the coast and suffering from the impact of human activities and marine pollution; the survival of this vulnerable group is at high risk. The long-term visual survey result shows that the Xinhuwei estuary has been an IPHD hot spot. Two Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) stations with temperature sensors were deployed to detect IPHD sounds in the estuary habitat. During the past four seasons, underwater marine recorders and temperature-depth data loggers were deployed at two locations in the estuary of Xinhuwei creek, Yunlin, Taiwan. The total duration of valid data for each station is at least 19 consecutive days during each season. IPHD's click-trains and whistles were counted by a supervised detection method. The results show that the trend of click-trains (echolocation and foraging sounds) is positively correlated with sea temperature. The most active foraging behavior occurs during the daytime of summer. Whistles (social and communication sounds) are most common during spring. Except in winter, the number of click-trains and whistles are larger at the deeper measuring station (water depth of 11 m). This research was funded by Formosa Petrochemical Corporation.

Knowledge discovery from comparisons of specialized and conventional metrics determined from acoustic fields and measurements

Once acoustic signals (information streams) are recorded, there are myriad possible means for extracting and representing the embedded scientific or engineering knowledge that awaits discovery. Given the rich history of acoustic investigations, such knowledge extraction commonly involves comparisons based on conventional or specialized metrics chosen or devised to indicate critical underlying phenomena. Such comparisons may rely entirely on simulation results, experimental results, or a combination of the two. However, a suitable metric must be used in each case. This presentation provides four examples where conventional or specialized metric comparisons indicated new knowledge: (1) performing Monte-Carlo simulations and machine-learning predictions of the probability density function (PDF) of acoustic transmission loss (TL) in uncertain ocean sound channels to attain knowledge of how to best represent PDF(TL) when predicting it; (2) Using simulated acoustic-radiation data from vibrating structures and specialized dilation cross correlation metrics to remotely generate knowledge of experimental damage type and severity; (3) Comparing the measured horizontal coherence of acoustic fields and autoproducts to extract knowledge of their relative coherence lengths and bandwidths; and (4) Scaling of high-Reynolds-number hydrofoil-trailing-edge velocimetry and surface-pressure fluctuations measurements to attain knowledge of the near-wake conditions that lead to tonal noise. [Sponsored by ONR and NAVSEA.]

An acoustic study of plosives production in Cantonese speakers with Parkinson's disease

Articulatory impairment, including consonant imprecision, has been widely studied in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, acoustic investigation of articulatory impairment in Cantonese speakers with PD has been limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acoustic characteristics of plosives production in Cantonese speakers with PD. The participants comprised 17 Cantonese speakers with PD and 17 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC). Six Cantonese plosives /p, ph, t, th, k, kh/ followed by the vowel /a/ were produced at high-level tone (T1) in the context of word and sentence. All speech samples produced by PD patients were further divided into two subgroups: normal plosive production (PD-NP) and spirantized plosive production (PD-SP). Higher intensity ratio, shorter VOT and shorter closure duration during plosive production were found in both PD-NP and PD-SP subgroups when compared to the HC group. In addition, aspiration and context did affect the intensity ratio, VOT and closure duration while place of articulation only affected the VOT. Furthermore, it was found that the most commonly misarticulated plosives in Cantonese speakers with PD were bilabial stops, followed by alveolar and velar stops. This finding of spirantization of plosives is in agreement with previous studies.

Volumetric, acoustic, electrochemical and spectroscopic investigation of norfloxacin–ionic surfactant interactions

Rising levels of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a persistent and dynamic concern in the field of medicine and demand design and discovery of new and more effective antibiotics. One of the major hurdles in designing new antibiotics which should be capable of passively diffusing across biological membranes is the scarcity of knowledge regarding their biophysical interaction with these membranes. Surfactant systems have been frequently reported in the past decade as potential pseudo-membrane models to understand biophysical interactions of drugs with biological membranes at the molecular level. The present work is aimed at understanding the interaction of norfloxacin (NRF), a fluoroquinolone drug, with dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB, a cationic surfactant) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, an anionic surfactant) at molecular level. Volumetric and acoustic studies of DTAB and SDS in buffered solutions of NRF at physiological pH (7.4) and a temperature range of 298.15 to 313.15 K were performed to calculate apparent molar volume (ɸV), isentropic compressibility (Ks), apparent molar isentropic compressibility (ɸK), partial molar volume (ɸVo), partial molar expansibility (ɸEo), specific acoustic impedance (Z), relative association (RA), intermolecular free length (Lf) and sound velocity number (U). The variation in these quantities as a function of surfactant concentration is interpreted in terms of NRF-ionic surfactant interaction using a cosphere overlap model. Cyclic voltammetry and UV–visible spectroscopy were used to calculate the partition coefficient (Kc) and binding constant (Kb) of NRF with ionic micelles. Free energies calculated from corresponding Kc and Kb values revealed the spontaneity of partitioning and binding of NRF with ionic micelles.

Scanning acoustic microscopy investigation of weld lines in injection-molded parts manufactured from industrial thermoplastic polymer

Scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) is used to characterize welds in a thermoplastic polymer (ABS) manufactured by injection-molding, particularly at the locations of weld-lines known to form as unavoidable significant defects. Acoustic micrographs obtained at 420 MHz clearly resolve the weld lines with morphological deformations and microelastic heterogenity. This is also where terahertz (THz) measurements, carried out in support of the SAM study, reveal enhanced birefringence corresponding to the location of these lines enabling verification of the SAM results. Rayleigh surface acoustic waves (RSAW), quantified by V(z) curves (with defocusing distance of 85 μm), are found to propagate slower in regions close to the weld lines than in regions distant from these lines. The discrepancy of about 100 m/s in the velocity of RSAW indicates a large variation in the micro-elastic properties between areas close to and distant from the weld lines. The spatial variations in velocity (VR) of RSAWs indicate anisotropic propagation of the differently polarized ultrasonic waves.

On the Gradient Lenition of Spanish Voiced Obstruents: A Look at Onset Clusters

Abstract Spanish voiced obstruents are traditionally described as having a stop allophone [b, d, g] and a lenited allophone [β, ð, ɣ]. Despite this binary classification, acoustic data has shown that this variation is continuous or gradient depending on the preceding linguistic context. The goal of this paper is to investigate how the following linguistic context affects the degree of Spanish voiced obstruent lenition. Specifically, this paper reports an acoustic investigation of Spanish voiced obstruent lenition in onset cluster contexts. Nine native Spanish speakers were recorded reading Spanish-like nonce words that included a singleton voiced obstruent or an onset cluster consisting of a voiced obstruent plus [ɾ] or [l]. The relative intensity and the duration of these segments were measured and compared with linear mixed-effects regressions. In line with past work, the results show that the voiced obstruents are the most lenited in intervocalic contexts. However, Spanish voiced obstruents are significantly less lenited when followed by [ɾ] in a complex onset; when followed by [l] in a complex onset, the degree of lenition is much more variable. These results provide further support for the gradient lenition of Spanish voiced obstruents, rather than a dichotomous distribution of stops versus lenited variants.

An underwater bistatic positioning system based on an acoustic vector sensor and experimental investigation

The active detection of underwater targets is an important area of research and has numerous applications. In this paper, a bistatic detection and positioning system using an Acoustic Vector Sensor (AVS) is proposed which employs an improved Matched Filter (MF). The target position is determined using time delay and azimuth estimation. Frequency domain autocorrelation is employed to remove noise and improve detection performance. A direct path signal spatial suppression technique is proposed to decrease the effects of the dominant interference. Numerical simulation and experimental data obtained on a reservoir are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed system and methods. The results obtained show that this system is effective in determining the position of an underwater target.

Acoustic emission and CT investigation on fracture evolution of granite containing two flaws subjected to freeze–thaw and cyclic uniaxial increasing-amplitude loading conditions

The deterioration mechanism and fatigue fracturing evolution of granite with two pre-existing flaws experiencing freeze–thaw (F-T) treatment are investigated in this work. The flaws in the rock sample were prepared as a combination of a horizontal flaw with an upper inclined flaw above the horizontal flaw according to the joint characteristics in an open pit slope. In-situ acoustic emission monitoring combined with the post-test 3D computed tomography (CT) technique was employed to reveal the fracture evolution behaviors of rock treated with 0, 50, and 80 freeze–thaw cycles. Results show that the freeze–thaw damage impacts the frost heaving force, cyclic deformation, AE activates, crack coalescence pattern and fatigue life of the granite samples. The accumulative AE count/energy decreases with increasing number of freeze–thaw cycles, and the accumulated AE count/energy in a loading stage gradually grows faster. In addition, AE spectral frequency analysis reveals the impact of previous freeze–thaw damage on the formation of the crack scale, the sample is prone to producing large scale cracks under high freeze–thaw treatment. Moreover, 3D reconstructed CT images present an internal crack network pattern, and the most striking finding is that a simple crack network forms for a sample experiencing high F-T fatigue damage. It is suggested that deterioration of the rock bridge structure is strongly impacted by the accumulative freeze–thaw damage. The testing results are helpful to understand the influence of freeze–thaw and fatigue loading on the fracture evolution characteristics of rock in cold regions.

An acoustical investigation of partial perforation in jute fiber composite panel

This study aims to develop a novel acoustic panel that constitutes more natural fiber rather than a resin matrix, and the effect of perforation depth in the composite panel is investigated. Jute fiber-reinforced composite panels undergo partial perforation using a tapping machine of depth 7.5 mm, 15 mm, and 22.5 mm to the total thickness of 30 mm. The samples are tested experimentally in an impedance tube and sound transmission loss test setup to evaluate the acoustic capabilities for the frequency range of 100–1600 Hz. For validation, the intrinsic parameters are predicted from experimental sound absorption data using the inverse characterization technique. Insight of application aspect, the panel is modeled to be present in a rectangular acoustical cavity and analyzed numerically in COMSOL Multiphysics. The impedance tube test results indicate that the peak of the sound absorption coefficient increases with increases of perforation depth. Similarly, perforation depth influences the transmission loss of the panel, and significant results noticed. The use of a jute panel in rectangular enclosure results in a 3–6 dB reduction in the overall sound pressure level of one-third octave frequencies.

Experimental failure analysis and mechanical performance evaluation of fiber-metal sandwich laminates interleaved with polyamide-6,6 interlayers through the combined usage of acoustic emission, thermography and microscopy techniques

Fiber-metal laminates are hybrid sandwich composite structures made of thin metallic sheets and layers of fiber-reinforced plastics. In this study, for the first time, the effects of polyamide 66 nonwoven interlayers on the tensile, three-point bending, interlaminar shear strength, and low velocity impact responses of fiber-metal laminates are investigated by coupling acoustic emission, thermography, and microscopy techniques. The fiber-metal laminates are interleaved with polyamide 66 nonwoven fabrics at two different areal weight density, namely, 17 gsm (grams per square meter) and 50 gsm. The tensile, bending, interlaminar shear strength, and low velocity impact tests are carried out in accordance with the ASTM standards. During the tensile and flexural tests, acoustic emission data are collected to understand damage types occurring under various loading conditions and, in turn, clearly shed light on the performance of polyamide 66 for interfacial strengthening in fiber-metal laminates. The results of acoustic emission investigation are correlated with the optical and scanning electron microscope-based microscopic analysis. It is shown that the interlaminar shear strength of fiber-metal laminates can be increased significantly (about 42%) by using polyamide 66 nonwoven interlayers. The impacted fiber-metal laminate specimens are examined to determine damage area and length using the lock-in thermography method. It is found that the polyamide 66 interlayers decrease the debonded length and damaged area up to 39 and 32%, respectively. The tensile and flexural strength and modulus of the fiber-metal laminate are not significantly affected by the presence of polyamide 66 interlayers, except a negligible drop in the value of tensile and flexural strength by 6 and 4%, respectively. The polyamide 66 interlayers are proved to be very successful in enhancing plastic deformation ability of the matrix and bonding efficiency between aluminum and composite sections.

Acoustic emission investigation on scale effect and anisotropy of jointed rock mass by the discrete element method

We investigate herein the scale effect and anisotropy of jointed rock mass (JRM) from the perspective of acoustic emission (AE) characteristics and estimate the size of the representative element volume (REV). First, we propose an AE calculation based on the discrete element method (DEM) and use the statistical results of joint planes to generate a discrete fracture network. Next, we calibrate the micro-parameters of the rock matrix and the joint plane based on physical experiment and the single plane of weakness theory, respectively. Finally, we use the proposed model to numerically simulate the AE characteristics of a JRM and estimate the size of the REV. The use of different model sizes and layer orientations shows that the AE event magnitude follows a power-law distribution. The frequency of AE events with different magnitudes follows a normal distribution, and a negative exponential relationship is found between the frequency of AE events and the number of cracks associated with each AE event. When the model size exceeds 10 × 10 m, the parameters of AE events (accumulated frequency, magnitude, frequency of AE events associated with only one crack, frequency of AE events associated with over ten cracks, and maximum crack number associated with each AE event) remain essentially constant. This means that the size of the REV is 10 × 10 m. The proposed model should also prove useful for further research into the fracture mechanism of JRM.

Bonding Characteristics of Single- and Joggled-Lap CFRP Specimens: Mechanical and Acoustic Investigations

Two different configurations of adhesive-bonded carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) specimens, joggled lap-joint specimens and single lap-joint specimens, are mechanically tested. The mechanical tests show that the joggled lap specimens have lower strength than the single lap specimens. The damage modes in both the specimens are analysed by the Acoustic Emission descriptors recorded during the mechanical tests. The acoustic data as cumulative counts and cumulative energy show the critical points of failure in both the specimen groups under loading. Moreover, they also show that the damage modes in both the specimens are dissimilar. Finally, the data provided by acoustic emission descriptors are verified by fractographic analysis on the failed surface.

Construction and Evaluation of Tamil Speech Emotion Corpus

Speech emotion-related analysis needs good emotion corpus. The construction and evaluation of two Tamil emotion corpora, one for children and the other for the adults, are described here. Children emotion speech samples are collected from 30 Tamil movies, and the length of the utterances varies from 5 to 40 s. Tamil audio plays are the resources for building the adult emotion corpus. The emotion prosodies are collected, segmented and annotated for the categories of anger, happy, sad and neutral emotions. Observers’ perception test result has been used to evaluate the annotation of emotion. Automatic emotion classification systems have been built using Gaussian Mixture Model and Support Vector Machine. The database is created with an objective of the acoustic investigation of emotion expression in Tamil, analyzing the influence of speaker's culture and age on emotion expression and investigating the requirement of the need of features unique to Tamil speech on various automatic analysis of speech like emotion recognition, speaker recognition, etc.

Aerodynamic and aeroacoustic investigation of an innovative regional turboprop scaled model: numerical simulations and experiments

An extensive aeroacoustic and aerodynamic investigation of an innovative regional turboprop aircraft has been carried out experimentally and numerically under the framework of two research projects funded by the European Union through the CleanSky Research Programme. Experimental tests have been performed in the RUAG Large Subsonic Wind Tunnel in Switzerland and CFD results have been validated against the experimental data. The A/C high-lift performance, stability and control derivatives, aerodynamic noise sources, and low-noise solutions for high-lift devices, have been investigated under representative conditions in cruise, take-off, and landing configurations. The aerodynamic and aeroacoustic investigation has been carried out parametrically, in terms of several reference quantities, including the propellers’ thrust and rpm, the speed of the air-flow, the incidence angle of the aircraft and the position of the microphone array used for the acoustic investigation. The present paper gives an overview of relevant results obtained for selected aircraft configurations which have been tested in the wind tunnel and analyzed through CFD simulations. The focus lies on the overall aerodynamic characterization and on the noise sources identification carried out using standard beamforming techniques.

Scaling in the Local Strain-Rate Field during Jerky Flow in an Al-3%Mg Alloy

Jerky flow in alloys, or the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect, presents an outstanding example of self-organization phenomena in plasticity. Recent acoustic emission investigations revealed that its microscopic dynamics is governed by scale invariance manifested as power-law statistics of intermittent events. As the macroscopic stress serrations show both scale invariance and characteristic scales, the micro-macro transition is an intricate question requiring an assessment of intermediate behaviors. The first attempt of such an investigation is undertaken in the present paper by virtue of a one-dimensional (1D) local extensometry technique and statistical analysis of time series. The data obtained complete the missing link and bear evidence to a coexistence of characteristic large events and power laws for smaller events. The scale separation is interpreted in terms of the phenomena of self-organized criticality and synchronization in complex systems. Furthermore, it is found that both the stress serrations and local strain-rate bursts agree with the so-called fluctuation scaling related to general mathematical laws and unifying various specific mechanisms proposed to explain scale invariance in diverse systems. Prospects of further investigations including the duality manifested by a wavy spatial organization of the local bursts of plastic deformation are discussed.

Acoustic investigation of the primary production of an Australian temperate macroalgal (Ecklonia radiata) system

Temperate marine systems are dominated by rocky reef macroalgal habitats, and there is now evidence that some seaweed communities are retreating in a manner consistent with climate change. Obtaining measurements of primary production across entire assemblages of algae over ecologically meaningful spatial scales is difficult, and acoustic techniques emerge as a method to consider. Acoustics has the potential to detect oxygen in gaseous form, hence it can measure primary production that is unseen by methods that use dissolved oxygen to estimate productivity. With levels of dissolved oxygen in kelp environments regularly reaching supersaturation, it is possible – even likely – that ecologically significant proportions of production have been neglected by traditional methods. To investigate the potential use of underwater acoustics in monitoring productivity of macroalgal habitats an experiment was run over two weeks during the Austral summer in February 2012 in Canoe Bay, Tasmania. This paper details the results of ray-based acoustic predictive models for two periods during the experiment chosen to compare contrasting diurnal productivity periods, together with inverted acoustic propagation waveguide features from the empirical experiment itself for these periods. Results of the Bellhop modelling suggest that acoustic transmissions can detect ecologically significant proportions of oxygen in gaseous form in seaweed environments (>5% of total predicted production). However, changes in diurnal cycles of oxygen production were not seen in the empirical acoustic data during the experimental period, indicating that it is unlikely that there was a significant level of oxygen in gaseous form in the canopy layer. This work details the first research into the use of acoustics to measure productivity in macroalgal systems. It is possible that further research, particularly in highly productive environments or when conditions are more favourable, may prove acoustics to be a useful tool for assisting in monitoring primary productivity in seaweed communities.

A comparison of four vowel overlap measures

Multiple measures of vowel overlap have been proposed that use F1, F2, and duration to calculate the degree of overlap between vowel categories. The present study assesses four of these measures: the spectral overlap assessment metric [SOAM; Wassink (2006). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 119(4), 2334-2350], the a posteriori probability (APP)-based metric [Morrison (2008). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 123(1), 37-40], the vowel overlap analysis with convex hulls method [VOACH; Haynes and Taylor, (2014). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 136(2), 883-891], and the Pillai score as first used for vowel overlap by Hay, Warren, and Drager [(2006). J. Phonetics 34(4), 458-484]. Summaries of the measures are presented, and theoretical critiques of them are performed, concluding that the APP-based metric and Pillai score are theoretically preferable to SOAM and VOACH. The measures are empirically assessed using accuracy and precision criteria with Monte Carlo simulations. The Pillai score demonstrates the best overall performance in these tests. The potential applications of vowel overlap measures to research scenarios are discussed, including comparisons of vowel productions between different social groups, as well as acoustic investigations into vowel formant trajectories.

Seismoacoustic sounding of local inhomogeneities by the method of reflected waves

The calculation relations are derived for analyzing the possibility of detecting local inhomogeneities by the method of reflected waves when conducting acoustic investigation of the ground layer. The amplitude value of the total response at the receiving antenna output is represented as a two-dimensional terrain - a function of two arguments: delay time of the back-reflected delay time pulse echo signal and the aperture center displacement during spatial scanning relative to the place of the intended target localization of the inhomogeneity. Based on a graphical representation of the total response of the receiving antenna in the form of a two-dimensional space-time terrain, the feasibility of the proposed method for detecting local inhomogeneities is demonstrated. The illustrations of the results of mathematical and numerical modeling for sensing the environment clearly show that this approach helps in obtaining information about the actual profile or nature of the horizontal spatial distribution of the anomaly. The influence of the duration of the probing pulse and the aperture of the receiving antenna, the size and depth of the local inhomogeneity, as well as the dissipation factor, during the propagation of seismic-acoustic waves on the resolution in probing and remote diagnostics of inhomogeneity parameters is analyzed by mathematical and numerical modeling modeling. The field of application of the developed technique is engineering seismic exploration of karst cavities, breccias, caverns and other types of local inhomogeneities.

The Investigation of Using Voice Analysis Method on Early Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis

Bu çalışmada multipl skleroz (MS)’ te akustik ses karakteristiklerinin betimlenmesi ve ses değişimi kriterlerinin saptanmasıyla MS’te erken tanı amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmamızda hastalığa özgü bir foniatrik reedükasyon yöntemi geliştirilerek MS’ te erken tanıda kullanılabilecek ses değişimi kriterlerini belirleyici paremetrelerin oluşturulması planlanmıştır. Çalışma Mart 2013-Mart 2014 yılları arasında Sultan Abdülhamid Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Nöroloji Kliniğine gelen McDonald 2010 tanı kriterlerine göre hastalığı ilk kez teşhis edilen veya hastalık süresi 0-10 yıl arasında olan 55 (30 kadın+25 erkek) MS hastası ile herhangi bir nörolojik ve ses patolojisi olmayan 55 (33 kadın+ 22 erkek) sağlıklı gönüllü üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Hastaların yaşları 18 ile 55 (ort: 29,86, std sapma: 8,97), sağlıklı bireylerin yaşları ise 18 ile 50 (ort: 32,55, std sapma: 10,79) arasında değişmektedir. Seslerin akustik incelenmesinde The Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP) akustik ses analizi programı, seslerin öznitelik sınıflandırmasında ise k-En Yakın Komşu (k-EYK) algoritması kullanılmıştır. k-EYK sınıflandırıcısının kullanıldığı bu çalışmada MS ve sağlıklı bireylere ait ses özniteliklerine bakılarak hasta-sağlıklı ayrımı yapmada en yüksek ses tanımlama başarımı sürdürülmüş fonasyonlar /a/,/e/ ve /u/ seslerin (%88.76) özniteliklerinden elde edilmiştir. k-EYK algoritması kullanılarak MS hastalarında görülen patolojik seslerin sağlıklı bireylerden ayrılmasında başarılı sonuçlar verdiği gözlenmiştir. Sürdürülmüş fonasyonlar, kelimeler ve cümle bazında genel bir değerlendirme yapıldığında MS hastalarının /a/ ve /e/ vokallerini belirgin derecede her üç grupta da sağlıklı bireylere göre patolojik seslettiği görülmüştür.

Applied Aspects of Different Frequency Bands of Seismic and Water Acoustic Investigations on the Shelf

This article focuses on the study of the information value of offshore technologies based on the generation of acoustic signals in water in a wide frequency band: from one-digit Hz to hundreds of KHz. The initial data for the studies were the experimental materials of marine seismic exploration, seismic acoustics and side-scan sonar, obtained in selected areas of the Russian Arctic shelf. This article analyzes applied methods based on the excitation of controlled sources. Authors differentiate them by dominant frequencies as follows: low frequency (digits and double-digits Hz); mid-frequency (hundreds of Hz to the first KHz); high and super high frequency (up to several hundreds of KHz), which form the basis of offshore seismic surveys, seismoacoustics and sonar detection. This article for the first time incorporates research methods which differ in practical application, but are similar in the physical sense. This indicates that there is a need for an integrated multi-disciplinary study of complex natural bodies at different levels of detail and the development of solution approaches for this problem. The authors believe that crucial scientific breakthroughs are feasible at the joint edge of different disciplines providing the exchange of methodologies and toolware applied by cross-experts. The authors also provide examples for each of three frequency intervals. The majority of experimental study results given in the article were obtained with direct involvement of the authors. They present a practical value in the context of the development of an integrated geophysical sedimentary mantle study methodology at different levels of detail aimed at the creation of an unbiased image of the structure and properties of complex shelf bodies.