Acids In Erythrocyte Membranes Research Articles

Fatty Acid Profile of Erythrocyte Membranes in Patients with Psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic systemic disease with a multifaceted pathomechanism and immunological basis, with the presence of inflammatory skin lesions and joint ailments. Diseases accompanying psoriasis include metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. It has been suggested that inflammation is involved in the development of each of these conditions. The main objective of this study was to analyse the fatty acid profile, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, in the erythrocyte membranes of patients suffering from psoriasis. A total of 58 adult patients of the Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, suffering from psoriasis, were qualified for this study. The patients had undergone an interview and physical examination, during which the severity of psoriasis was assessed. All patients had their weight and height measured to assess their body mass index (BMI). After 3 months of treatment, biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, total cholesterol) and inflammatory markers (CRP) in the blood were assessed. In addition, the isolation of fatty acids (PUFAs, SFAs, MUFAs) from erythrocyte membranes and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of their profile using a gas chromatograph were carried out. In patients with severe psoriasis requiring systemic treatment, an altered profile of fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes was found, including a significantly lower concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3), which have an anti-inflammatory effect; a significantly higher concentration of saturated fatty acids; and a decreased concentration of oleic acid (omega-9), compared to the results obtained in patients with less severe psoriasis receiving topical treatment. In patients with psoriasis and BMI ≥ 25, significantly higher concentrations of AST and ALT in the blood and significantly higher concentrations of pro-inflammatory arachidonic acid in erythrocyte membranes were found. Elevated concentrations of saturated (R = 0.31) and monounsaturated fatty acids (R = 0.29) may correlate with a greater severity of psoriasis.

Abstract P106: Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Erythrocyte Membranes Are Differentially Associated With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Brazilian and Puerto Rican Adults

Introduction: Intake of omega-3 fatty acids (ω–3) may protect against CVD, but this evidence was generated from studies with limited ethnic diversity, and thus, findings may not be generalizable to wider populations, especially those with low habitual intake of ω–3. This study aimed to investigate the association between ω–3 in erythrocyte membranes (a biomarker of ω–3 intake) and cardiometabolic risk factors in Brazilian and Puerto Rican adults. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that Brazilians and Puerto Ricans have different ω–3 erythrocyte membrane composition, but that the ω–3 index is inversely associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in both populations. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 367 Brazilians living in São Paulo, Brazil, and 1,293 Puerto Ricans living in Boston, USA, aged 45-75 years, from two population-based studies: The 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo and the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. In both studies, fatty acids composition (as % of total fatty acids) was quantified in erythrocyte membranes from fasting blood samples using a gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector (Shimadzu, CG-2010, Kyoto, Japan). The ω–3 index was calculated as the sum of EPA and DHA. Blood lipids, waist circumference, and insulin resistance (fasting plasma glucose and HOMA-IR) were measured from standardized protocols. Generalized linear models with gamma distribution and log link or ordinary least squares regression assessed the associations of the ω–3 index and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results: Puerto Ricans had worse indicators for cardiometabolic risk factors than Brazilians, except for total cholesterol, LDL-c, and non-HDL-c. The mean ω–3 index did not differ between the studies (4.43% for Puerto Ricans and 4.45% for Brazilians, P = 0.87). However, there were less total saturated (41.2% vs. 51.5%, P < 0.001) and more total polyunsaturated fatty acids (41.8% vs. 31.3%, P < 0.001) in Puerto Ricans than Brazilians. After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, physical activity, and diet quality (AHEI-2010 without the EPA+DHA component), the ω–3 index was inversely associated with fasting plasma glucose (β ± SE = -2.78 ± 1.37, P = 0.044), triglycerides (β = -0.05 ± 0.02, P = 0.004), VLDL-c (β = -1.22 ± 0.42, P = 0.003), and TG-HDL-ratio (β = -0.05 ± 0.02, P = 0.025) in Puerto Ricans, but positively associated with total cholesterol (β = 2.74 ± 1.30, P = 0.035), LDL-c (β = 2.48 ± 1.15, P = 0.031), and non-HDL-c (β = 2.81 ± 1.27, P = 0.028) in Brazilians. Conclusion: Despite similar ω–3 indices in Brazilian and Puerto Rican adults, there were differences in the magnitude, direction, and specific cardiometabolic risk factors with which it was associated. Variations in the dietary intake and cardiometabolic profile between the populations may explain the contrasting results. Assessing specific ω–3 in diverse populations is essential when studying their role in cardiometabolic health.

Factors influencing the composition of fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes in Latvian pregnant women

Factors influencing the composition of fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes in Latvian pregnant women

The Greenland population health survey 2018 – methods of a prospective study of risk factors for lifestyle related diseases and social determinants of health amongst Inuit

ABSTRACT Since 1993, regular population health surveys in Greenland have supported and monitored the public health strategy of Greenland and have monitored cardiometabolic and lung diseases. The most recent of these surveys included 2539 persons aged 15+ from 20 communities spread over the whole country. The survey instruments included personal interviews, self-administered questionnaires, blood sampling, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, ECG, oral glucose test, pulmonary function, hand grip strength and chair stand test. Blood samples were analysed for glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, incretin hormones, cholesterol, kidney function, fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes and mercury, urine for albumin-creatinine ratio, and aliquots were stored at −80°C for future use. Data were furthermore collected for studies of the gut microbiome and diabetes complications. Survey participants were followed up with register data. The potential of the study is to contribute to the continued monitoring of risk factors and health conditions as part of Greenland’s public health strategy and to study the epidemiology of cardiometabolic diseases and other chronic diseases and behavioural risk factors. The next population health survey is planned for 2024. The emphasis of the article is on the methods of the study and results will be presented in other publications.

Fatty acids of erythrocyte membranes and blood serum as biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancer

The aim of the study was to identify fatty acids (FA) of erythrocyte membranes and blood serum, which can serve as potential biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancer.Material and methods. the study involved 65 patients with stage I-II CRC (mean age 63,3 ± 9,6 years (30 men, 35 women) and 35 people in the comparison group, matched by age and sex. the composition of fatty acids of erythrocyte membranes and blood serum was studied using a gc/ms system based on three agilent 7000B quadrupoles (USA). methods of the MATLAB software (R2019a, MathWorks) and the R programming language were used for statistical processing: t-test, unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA), Fold change, Volcano plot, machine learning method (Random Forest), Roc analysis, Heatmaps.Results. patients with stage I-II CRC showed a decrease in the level of saturated, individual monounsaturated fatty acids and a highly significant increase in the most of the polyunsaturated fatty acids with a predominance of omega-3. For most of the fatty acid levels, significant differences in erythrocyte membranes and serum between the groups were found. the levels of erythrocyte myristic, pentadecanoic, 7-palmitoleic, saturated/polyunsaturated Fa ratios (the content of which was significantly lower at stages I-II CRC than those in the control) and the levels of α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, the amount of omega-3 Fa, EPA + DHA, docodienic, dihomo-γ-linolenic, docatetraenoic fatty acids (the content of which was significantly higher in colorectal cancer than those in healthy subjects) were the most discriminating parameters in distinguishing patients with I-II stage CRC and healthy individuals. in the blood serum, the level of biomarkers had the following fatty acids: arachidonic, myristic, docosahexaenoic, the amount of omega 3 puFa, the ratio of omega 6/omega 3 puFa, pentadecanoic, docosapentaenoic, and docodiene. a model that included a list of fatty acids, such as С14:0, С15:0, С16:1;7, С18:3 n-3, C20:2 n-6, C20:3 n-6, C20:5 n-3, C22:4 n-6, C22:5 n-3, C22:6 n-3, sum of omega-3, omega-3 (EPA + DHA), and saturated / polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio provided auc 0,916 with a specificity of 0,90 and sensitivity of 0,95 in distinguishing patients with stage I-II CRC from healthy individuals.Conclusion. the study of the levels and ratios of fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes and blood serum should be considered a promising trend in the search for biomarkers for the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

The effect of camelina oil on vascular function in essential hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study

The effects of a dietary supplementation with the vegetable ω-3 α-linolenic acid (ALA) on cardiovascular homeostasis are unclear. In this context, it would be interesting to assess the effects of camelina oil. This study aimed to assess the cardiovascular and metabolic effects of camelina oil in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study, treated essential hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome received, during 6 mo, either cyclodextrin-complexed camelina oil containing≈1.5g ALA/d (n=40) or an isocaloric placebo (n=41), consisting of the same quantity of cyclodextrins and wheat starch. Anthropometric data, plasma lipids, glycemia, insulinemia, creatininemia, TBARs, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and n-3, n-6, and n-9 fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes were measured. Peripheral and central blood pressures, arterial stiffness, carotid intima-media thickness, and brachial artery endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and endothelium-independent dilatation were assessed. Compared with placebo, camelina oil increased ALA (mean±SD: 0±0.04 compared with 0.08±0.06%, P<0.001), its elongation product EPA (0±0.5 compared with 0.16±0.65%, P<0.05), and the n-9 gondoic acid (GA; 0±0.04 compared with 0.08±0.04%, P<0.001). No between-group difference was observed for cardiovascular parameters. However, changes in FMD were associated with the magnitude of changes in EPA (r=0.26, P=0.03). Compared with placebo, camelina oil increased fasting glycemia (-0.2±0.6 compared with 0.3±0.5mmol/L, P<0.001) and HOMA-IR index (-0.8±2.5 compared with 0.5±0.9, P<0.01), without affecting plasma lipids, or inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Changes in HOMA-IR index were correlated with the magnitude of changes in GA (r=0.32, P<0.01). Nutritional intake remained similar between groups. ALA supplementation with camelina oil did not improve vascular function but adversely affected glucose metabolism in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome. Whether this adverse effect on insulin sensitivity is related to GA enrichment, remains to be elucidated.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Erythrocyte Membranes as Predictors of Lower Cardiovascular Risk in Adults without Previous Cardiovascular Events.

Background: This study investigated the association of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) within erythrocyte membranes and cardiovascular risk assessed by three different estimates. Methods: Inclusion criteria were individuals of both sexes, 30 to 74 years, with at least one cardiovascular risk factor, and no previous cardiovascular events (n = 356). Exclusion criteria were individuals with acute or chronic severe diseases, infectious diseases, pregnant, and/or lactating women. Plasma biomarkers (lipids, glucose, and C-reactive protein) were analyzed, and nineteen erythrocyte membrane fatty acids (FA) were identified. The cardiovascular risk was estimated by Framingham (FRS), Reynolds (RRS), and ACC/AHA-2013 Risk Scores. Three patterns of FA were identified (Factor 1, poor in n-3 PUFA), (Factor 2, poor in PUFA), and (Factor 3, rich in n-3 PUFA). Results: Total cholesterol was inversely correlated with erythrocyte membranes C18:3 n-3 (r = −0.155; p = 0.004), C22:6 n-3 (r = −0.112; p = 0.041), and total n-3 (r = −0.211; p < 0.001). Total n-3 PUFA was associated with lower cardiovascular risk by FRS (OR = 0.811; 95% CI= 0.675–0.976). Regarding RRS, Factor 3 was associated with 25.3% lower odds to have moderate and high cardiovascular risk (OR = 0.747; 95% CI = 0.589–0.948). The ACC/AHA-2013 risk score was not associated with isolated and pooled FA. Conclusions: n-3 PUFA in erythrocyte membranes are independent predictors of low-risk classification estimated by FRS and RRS, which could be explained by cholesterol-lowering effects of n-3 PUFA.

Proportions of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes of Canadian adults: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2012–2015

The Omega-3 Index (OI) is a proposed marker of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Another index, the EPA/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio has also been proposed as a possible risk marker for CAD. Our primary objective was to characterize the Canadian population subgroups that have an undesirable OI (<4%, associated with high CAD risk) and to identify the participants' characteristics most strongly associated with the OI. Our secondary objective was to identify the characteristics most strongly associated with the EPA/AA ratio. Data from 4025 adult participants of cycles 3 and 4 (2012-2015) of the cross-sectional Canadian Health Measures Survey were pooled. Adjusted mean proportions of erythrocyte membrane ω-3 (n-3) fatty acids, total ω-6 fatty acids, and ratios were analyzed by sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle characteristics using covariate-adjusted models. The mean OI was 4.5%. Almost 40% of Canadians had an undesirable (<4%) OI. ω-3 supplement use, fish intake, and race were the variables most strongly associated with OI scores. The prevalence of undesirable OI was significantly higher among participants consuming fish less than twice a week (43.8%; 95% CI: 39.0%, 48.6%) than among those consuming more fish (12.7%; 95% CI: 7.8%, 19.9%), among smokers (62.7%; 95% CI: 52.9%, 71.7%) than nonsmokers (33.4%; 95% CI: 29.4%, 37.7%), in whites (42.7%; 95% CI: 38.2%, 47.4%) than in Asians (23.0%; 95% CI: 15.4%, 33.0%), and in adults aged 20-39 y (49.6%; 95% CI: 42.3%, 56.9%) than in those aged 60-79 y (24.4%; 95% CI: 21.0%, 28.1%). ω-3 supplement intake and fish intake were the characteristics most strongly associated with EPA/AA. All P≤0.05. An important proportion of Canadian adults has an undesirable (<4%) OI, with higher prevalence in some subgroups. Further assessment is required to determine the value and feasibility of an increase in the population's OI to the currently proposed target of≥8% as a potential public health objective.

Intake of Docosahexaenoic Acid-Enriched Milk Beverage Prevents Age-Related Cognitive Decline and Decreases Serum Bone Resorption Marker Levels.

The pathogenic mechanism of dementia is still unknown, and the fundamental treatment remains to be established. Thus, there is growing interest in preventing dementia through diet. One of the functional ingredients attracting attention is docosahexaenoic acid. We conducted a 12-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in healthy elderly Japanese individuals with a Mini-Mental State Examination score of 28 or higher at baseline using a docosahexaenoic acid-enriched milk beverage containing 297 mg docosahexaenoic acid and 137 mg eicosapentaenoic acid. Consumption of a docosahexaenoic acid-enriched milk beverage increased the fatty acid levels of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in erythrocyte membranes, which was the primary outcome of this study. Moreover, intake of this beverage prevented age-related cognitive decline and decreased serum bone resorption marker levels. Our data demonstrate that, even at a low dose, long-term daily intake of docosahexaenoic acid prevents dementia and may show beneficial effect on bone health.

Abstract P273: Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Erythrocyte Membranes are Associated With Predictive Equations for Estimation of Cardiovascular Risk in Brazilian Individuals

Introduction: Although several mechanisms confirm the cardioprotective role of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), there is still controversy regarding its impact on cardiovascular outcomes. We hypothesized that the n-3 PUFA in erythrocytes membranes reflect better intake and metabolization of these fatty acids, allowing identify their cardiovascular benefits. Objective: To evaluate the association of the n-3 PUFA with cardiometabolic biomarkers and absolute cardiovascular risk. Methods: A crossectional study based on the baseline time of CARDIONUTRI clinical trial (n = 356) with individuals of both sexes (30-74 years) who showed at least one of the following risk factors: smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemias, diabetes mellitus or obesity, but without previous cardiovascular events, monitored by clinical evaluation and ECG. By direct interviews, information about demographic data, medication, blood pressure, diet, and physical activity were investigated by physician and dietician. After 12h of fasting, the lipid profile, lipoprotein sub fractions, LDL(-), glucose, HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR and inflammation biomarkers were analyzed by standard and validated methods. After lipid extraction from erythrocytes, fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography using internal (C17) and external (FAME 37) standard. The 10-years projection of absolute cardiovascular risk was estimated by the Framingham (FRS), Reynolds (RRS) and ACC/AHA 2013 risk scores. Association between fatty acids, biomarkers and cardiovascular risk scores were performed by linear and logistic regression models and factorial analysis (SPSS v.20.0 and Stata v.14.0). Results: Individuals with n-3 PUFA &gt; 6.24% and n-6/n-3 ≤ 1.27 had less plasma non-HDL cholesterol, Apo B, TG, LDL(-) and highest LDL size. Regarding FRS, the total n-3 PUFA had association with lower cardiovascular risk (OR=0.811; IC95%=0.675- 0.976) and the membrane 1 model rich in n-6 was and poor in n-3 PUFA was associated with higher risk (OR=1.469; IC95%=1.056-2.043). Regarding RRS, the same membrane model was associated with higher risk (OR: 1.276; IC95%=1.010-1.612) while the opposite pattern was observed for membrane 2 model (rich in n-3 and poor in n-6 PUFA), had association with lower risk (OR=0,747; IC95%=0,589-0,948). Conclusion: High content of n-3 in erythrocyte membranes containing was associated with a lipid profile characterized by less plasma atherogenic lipoproteins, reduced TG and modified LDL. This profile was associated with reduced chance to be classified as moderate or higher cardiovascular risk by the Reynolds and Framingham Risk Scores.

Association of erythrocyte n-3 fatty acids with DXA-body fat and cardio-metabolic indices in middle-aged and elderly adults: a prospective study

AbstractIntroductionMany clinical trials showed favorable effects of high-doses supplemental n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on cardio-metabolic risk factors. However, limited studies examined the prospective associations of circulating n-3 PUFA with body fat and its distribution, metabolic syndrome (MS), carotid atherosclerosis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in subjects with habitual diets containing low levels of n-3 PUFA.Materials and MethodsThis community-based prospective study enrolled 4048 participants (40–75 years) at baseline (2008–2010, 2013) from Guangzhou, China. They were followed-up approximately once every 3 years. Fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes were measured at baseline. We determined metabolic syndrome factors, body fat by DXA scanning, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and NAFLD by ultrasound at the visits. General information, anthropometric indices, habitual dietary intake and other covariates were assessed at each visit.ResultsAmong the total 4048 subjects, 3075 and 2671 subjects had erythrocyte n-3 PUFA data and completed the first and second follow-ups. Generally, erythrocyte n-3 PUFA were favorably associated with body fat (particularly at abdomen) and its changes, and with the presence and incidence of MS, type 2 diabetes, carotid IMT thickening. The participants with the highest (vs lowest) quartile of n-3 PUFA were associated with -5.81% fat mass (p &lt; 0.001) and -2.11% of fat mass change at the abdomen (Android) area. The adjusted hazards ratios (95% CI) for the highest (vs. lowest) group were 0.74 (0.61, 0.89) (total n-3 PUFA), 0.71 (0.59, 0.86) (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), 0.78 (0.65, 0.95) (docosapentaenoic acid, DPA), 1.96 (1.60, 2.40) (gamma-linolenic acid, GLA) for MS; 0.70(0.55, 0.90) (total n-3 PUFA), 0.67(0.52,0.87) (DHA) and 0.73(0.57,0.93) (DPA) for bifurcation IMT thickening, 0.57(0.38, 0.86) (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) and 0.63 (0.41, 0.95) (DPA) for type 2 diabetes, and 1.18 (1.09, 1.33) (DHA) for alleviated NAFLD. Both higher levels of total and individual marine n-3 PUFAs (DHA, EPA and DPA) were associated with lower blood pressure at baseline and lower changes in diastolic and systolic blood pressure over the follow-up period. Plant n-3 PUFA (α-linolenic acid, ALA) largely had less significant association with the above-mentioned indices as compared with marine n-3 PUFAs.DiscussionHigher proportions of erythrocyte n-3 PUFA (particularly marine sources) was associated with lower body fat, blood pressure and their changes, and lower risks of MS, type 2 diabetes and bifurcation IMT thickening, but higher chance of alleviated NAFLD in middle-aged and older adults.

Heart rate variability and long chain n-3 PUFA in patients with chronic kidney disease commencing haemodialysis: a cross-sectional study

AbstractThe risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) is doubled when a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5 starts haemodialysis. Low heart rate variability (HRV) has been reported to be independently associated with increased risk of SCD and all cardiac death in haemodialysis patients. Long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA; 20:5n-3, EPA and 22:6n-3, DHA) may exert anti-arrhythmic effects on cardiac myocytes. Haemodialysis patients have lower serum LC n-3 PUFA levels compared to populations without CKD. Few studies have investigated the relationship between LC n-3 PUFA and HRV in patients with CKD. This study aimed to characterise the variability of LC n-3 PUFA status in patients who recently commenced haemodialysis, and to investigate relationships between LC n-3 PUFA status and HRV. A cross-sectional study was conducted in adults aged 40–80 years with CKD commencing haemodialysis (within 6–10 weeks) (NRES research ethics committee ref: 14/LO/0186). At 2 separate study days, pre-dialysis blood samples were taken to measure fatty acid composition by GC, and HRV monitors (Actiheart, CamNtech Ltd, UK) were fitted after dialysis had started to monitor parameters of cardiac autonomic function during dialysis, during the night, and for a total of 24 h. Forty-five patients (mean age 58 y, SD 9, 20 females/25 males) completed data collection at least once; 91% presented hypertension and 39% had type 2 diabetes. Sample mean omega-3 index (O3I; EPA + DHA as a % of fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes) was very low (3.45%, SD 1.25; median 3.26 %, IQR 1.32); only 2 individuals had O3I &gt; 5%. Variability in erythrocyte EPA (median 0.66 %, IQR 0.42) and DHA (median 2.40 %, IQR 1.32) was limited. Most HRV parameters did not significantly correlate with O3I following adjustment (e.g. age, BMI, β-blockers). Plasma EPA significantly positively correlated with overall and longer phase components of HRV and significantly negatively correlated with beat-to-beat variability over 24 h after full adjustment for confounders. This suggests that although higher circulating EPA concentrations were associated with better cardiac responsivity to environmental stimulations over 24 h, they were also associated with poorer parasympathetic tone (the predominant influence on beat-to-beat HRV). No correlations were observed between plasma DHA and HRV. The divergent pattern of relationships between plasma EPA versus DHA and HRV raises the theory that patients commencing haemodialysis may have compromised conversion of EPA to DHA which may impair vagally-mediated regulation of cardiac autonomic function, a potential mechanism for high risk of SCD.

STUDY OF THE LEVEL OF FATTY ACIDS IN ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES AND SERUM OF PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER IN NOVOSIBIRSK

The objectiveis to measure the level of fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes and serum of patients with colorectal cancer.Materials and methods.The study group included 100 patients with diagnosed colorectal cancer (57 men and 43 women). The control group included 24 reasonably healthy people (14 men and 10 women) matched for age and sex, without malignant cancers or manifested pathology of the internal organs.Results.Decreased levels of saturated, monounsaturated fatty acids and increased levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in erythrocyte membranes and serum (p &lt;0.0001–0.05) were observed. The levels of omega-3 PUFAs in colorectal cancer exceeded the levels in healthy individuals both in erythrocyte membranes and in serum; for omega-6 PUFAs only a trend was observed. At the same time, the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 PUFAs in colorectal cancer was lower than in control (p &lt;0.0001–0.002). The state of erythrocyte membranes more significantly and for more parameters characterized differences between the groups than serum. The most discriminating parameters between patients with colorectal cancer and healthy individuals both in erythrocyte membranes and serum were the levels of C20:2;11,14 (eicosadienoic), C20:3;8,11,14 (dihomo-γ-linolenic), C20:4;5,8,11,14 (eicosatetraenoic, arachidonic), C22:5;7,10,13,16,19 (docosapentaenoic), and C22:6;4,7,10,13,16,19 (docosahexaenoic) PUFAs.

THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE PREVENTIVE TREATMENT WITH VIBURNUM SARGENTII K. AND ELEUTHEROCOCCUS ON THE COMPOSITION OF FATTY ACIDS IN PHOSPHOLIPID COMPONENTS OF ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES EXPOSED TO INTOXICATION WITH NITRIC OXIDES

There are presented results of the study of the impact of intoxication with nitrogen oxides on to the fatty acids pattern of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine of erythrocyte membrane in rats. The inhalation exposure with nitrogen oxides was carried out in inoculating chamber with the volume of 100 liters and designed according to the type of chambers by Kurliandsky B.A. with self-cleaning of contained air and regenerating system, specified temperature settings (20-22 °С) and the air humidity (40-60%). Intoxication by nitrogen oxides was performed for 6 minutes with a toxicant concentration of 4.3 mg/cu.m. (MAC in atmospheric air amount to 0.4 mg/m3). Water solutions of dry residue from viburnum extract “Kaliphen” and Eleutherococcus extract (alcohol was anticipatorily removed from preparations by evaporating in a vacuum) were administered daily through the tube intragastrically during 2 weeks in a dosage of 100 mg of total polyphenols per kg of body weight prior to intoxication by nitrogen oxides. The influence of nitrogen oxides was found to be accompanied by the elevation of the level of saturated fatty acids of all kinds and by the decline in unsaturated fatty acids content in the fatty acids pattern of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, the main structural phospholipids of biomembranes. The redistribution of fatty acids in erythrocyte membrane supposes the changes of its physicochemical properties, lability, and the complexity of the erythrocyte passage through the microvascular bed. Herbal polyphenol preparations Kaliphen and Eleutherococcus improved the survival rate of animals under the preventive administration before intoxication with nitrogen oxides. The introduction of extracts before intoxication is accompanied by the pronounced trend to the restoration of the ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids of erythrocytes membranes. The preventive administration of Kaliphen before intoxication with nitrogen oxides was supposed to offer more pronounced protection of the fatty acids pattern of phospholipid fractions than those following the introduction of Eleutherococcus. The preventive administration of herbal extracts with polyphenol complexes in its contents under exposure to toxic substances is considered to be a the promising direction for research

Individual fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes are associated with several features of the metabolic syndrome in obese children.

Obesity leads to the clustering of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) also in children and is often accompanied by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Quality of dietary fat, beyond the quantity, can influence CV risk profile and, in particular, omega-3 fatty acids (FA) have been proposed as beneficial in this setting. The aim of the study was to evaluate the associations of individual CV risk factors, characterizing the MetS, with erythrocyte membrane FA, markers of average intake, in a group of 70 overweight/obese children. We conducted an observational study. Erythrocyte membrane FA were measured by gas chromatography. Spearman correlation coefficients (rS) were calculated to evaluate associations between FA and features of the MetS. Mean content of Omega-3 FA was low (Omega-3 Index = 4.7 ± 0.8%). Not omega-3 FA but some omega-6 FA, especially arachidonic acid (AA), were inversely associated with several features of the MetS: AA resulted inversely correlated with waist circumference (rS = - 0.352), triglycerides (rS = - 0.379), fasting insulin (rS = - 0.337) and 24-h SBP (rS = - 0.313). Total amount of saturated FA (SFA) and specifically palmitic acid, correlated positively with waist circumference (rS = 0.354), triglycerides (rS = 0.400) and fasting insulin (rS = 0.287). Fatty Liver Index (FLI), a predictive score of steatosis based on GGT, triglycerides and anthropometric indexes, was positively correlated to palmitic acid (rS = 0.515) and inversely to AA (rS = - 0.472). Our data suggest that omega-6 FA, and especially AA, could be protective toward CV risk factors featuring the MetS and also to indexes of hepatic steatosis in obese children, whereas SFA seems to exert opposite effects.

THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE PREVENTIVE TREATMENT WITH VIBURNUM SARGENTII K.AND ELEUTHEROCOCCUS ON THE COMPOSITION OF FATTY ACIDS IN PHOSPHOLIPID COMPONENTS OF ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES EXPOSED TO INTOXICATION WITH NITRIC OXIDES

There are presented results of the study of the impact of intoxication with nitrogen oxides on to the fatty acids pattern of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine of erythrocyte membrane in rats. The inhalation exposure with nitrogen oxides was carried out in inoculating chamber with the volume of 100 liters and designed according to the type of chambers by Kurliandsky B.A. with self-cleaning of contained air and regenerating system, specified temperature setttings (20-220С) and the air humidity (40-60%). Intoxication by nitrogen oxides was performed during 6 minutes with a toxicant concentration of 4.3 mg/cu.m. (MAC in atmospheric air amount to 0.4 mg/m3). Water solutions of dry residue from viburnum extract “Kaliphen” and Eleutherococcus extract (alcohol was anticipatorily removed from preparations by evaporating in a vacuum) were administered daily through the tube intragastrically during 2 weeks in a dosage of 100 mg of total polyphenols per kg of body weight prior to intoxication by nitrogen oxides. The influence of nitrogen oxides was found to be accompanied by the elevation of the level of saturated fatty acids of all kinds and by the decline in unsaturated fatty acids content in the fatty acids pattern of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, the main structural phospholipids of biomembranes. The redistribution of fatty acids in erythrocyte membrane supposes the changes of its physicochemical properties, lability, and the complexity of the erythrocyte passage through the microvascular bed. Herbal polyphenol preparations Kaliphen and Eleutherococcus improved the survival rate of animals under the preventive administration before intoxication with nitrogen oxides. The introduction of extracts before intoxication is accompanied by the pronounced trend to the restoration of the ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids of erythrocytes membranes. The preventive administration of Kaliphen before intoxication with nitrogen oxides was supposed to offer more pronounced protection of the fatty acids pattern of phospholipid fractions than those following the introduction of Eleutherococcus. The preventive administration of herbal extracts with polyphenol complexes in its contents under exposure to toxic substances is considered to be a the promising direction for research

The time course of erythrocyte membrane fatty acid concentrations during and after treatment of non-human primates with increasing doses of an omega-3 rich phospholipid preparation derived from krill-oil

BackgroundA commonly used measure to reflect the intake of the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA is the omega-3 index, defined as the sum of EPA + DHA as % of total fatty acids in erythrocyte membrane. When the omega-3 index changes it follows that the relative fractions of other fatty acids in the membrane are also changed. In the present study, increasing doses of a preparation of omega-3 rich phospholipids extracted from krill oil were administered orally to non-human primates for 12 weeks and the time course of EPA, DHA and 22 other fatty acids in erythrocytes was determined bi-weekly during treatment and for 8 weeks after cessation of treatment. Plasma concentrations of six endocannabinoid-type mediators being downstream metabolites of some fatty acids analyzed in erythrocytes were also determined.MethodsSix diabetic, dyslipidemic non-human primates were included, three in a vehicle control group and three being treated with the omega-3 rich phospholipid preparation. The vehicle control and test items were given daily by gavage and the test item doses were 50, 150 and 450 mg phospholipids/kg/day. Each dose level was given for four weeks. Blood was sampled at baseline and thereafter bi-weekly. Fatty acids were determined in erythrocytes by methylation followed by gas-chromatography. Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like mediators were analyzed in plasma by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry.ResultsThe treatment resulted in a dose-related increase in the fraction of EPA and DHA in erythrocyte membranes and a dose-related decrease of other poly-unsaturated fatty acids, in particular omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Erythrocyte concentrations of saturated fatty acids remained unchanged throughout the experiment. Plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like mediators changed accordingly as those being downstream arachidonic acid decreased, downstream of the saturated palmitic and oleic acids remained unchanged while a downstream EPA metabolite increased.ConclusionIncreasing the omega-3 index by administering an omega-3 rich phospholipid extracted from krill oil did not alter the ratio of unsaturated vs. saturated fatty acids in the erythrocyte membranes but only the relative concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids, in particular unsaturated omega-6 fatty acids. Concentrations of saturated fatty acids remained unchanged.

The Study of the Content of N-Acetylneuraminic Acids in Membranes of Erythrocytes in Patients with Glaucoma

The aim of this work was to study the content of total and lipid-bound neuraminic (sialic) acid in erythrocyte membranes in patients with glaucoma. The results of our studies showed that glaucoma is accompanied by an increase in the total content of neuraminic acid obtained from glycoproteins and glycolipids. A study of the content of gangliosides made it possible to detect a decrease in all fractions of gangliosides, which is associated with the hydrolytic breakdown of gangliosides and with the increase of free neuraminic acid. The data obtained are interpreted in connection with the destruction of membranes, leading to a disruption of cellular functions.

Fatty acids composition in erythrocyte membranes of athletes after one and after a series of whole body cryostimulation sessions

Whole body cryotherapy (WBC) is a treatment often used by athletes as part of biological renewal. Despite the large interest in this form therapy there is still a lack of information on the effects of WBC on the concentration of fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes. Our study aimed at comparing the fatty acids (FA) composition of erythrocyte membranes of athletes after one session and after a series of sessions of whole body cryostimulation. In our study small changes in the level of total cholesterol (decrease) were observed 24 h after a single session. After the twelfth session of whole body cryostimulation, the level of saturated fatty acids (SFA), mainly palmitic acid (C16:0) and n-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic (EPA, C20:5n-3) increased almost two-times fold in the red blood cell membranes. The level of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA n-6), mainly gamma-linolenic acid (C18:3n-6) as well as trans fatty acids (elaidic acid) decreased in the erythrocyte membranes from men after a series of session in a cryochamber, when compared to the control sample. The n-3/n-6 FA ratio in the erythrocyte membranes was higher after twelfth session in a cryochamber in comparison to the control sample.The data obtained during our study will be important for further research regarding the biochemistry of lipids in men after sessions of whole body cryostimulation.

N-3 and n-6 Fatty Acid Changes in the Erythrocyte Membranes of Patients with &lt;I&gt;Clostridium difficile&lt;/I&gt; Infection

The implications of circulating essential fatty acids (FA) on the inflammatory risk profile and clinical outcome are still unclear. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the pathogenesis of acute infection, we analyzed the FA content in red blood cell (RBC) membranes of patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and controls. We prospectively studied 60 patients including 30 patients with CDI and 30 controls to assess lipid concentrations in erythrocyte membranes using gas chromatography. We observed a higher level of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in RBC membranes from patients with CDI. In patients with CDI, we also noticed a higher level of 20:4 n-6 FA and only a small amounts of C20:2n-6, C20:3n-6 FAs, arachidonic acid (AA) precursors, which suggest an intense inflammatory reaction in the organism during infection. We also noticed low levels of n-3 FA in the RBC membranes of patients infected with CDI. There is a deficit of n-3 FA in patients with CDI. n-3 FA are probably used during CDI as precursors of pro-resolving mediators that may indicate a therapeutic role of n-3 PUFAs in CDI. The changes in fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes during CDI alter their functions which may have an impact on the clinical outcome.