Acid In Blood Serum Research Articles

PREVALENCE OF RISK FACTORS AND TARGET ORGAN DAMAGE CAUSED BY HYPERTENSION IN RESIDENTS OF THE ARAL SEA REGION OF UZBEKISTAN

Objective: Analysis of the results of screening the population over 40 years of age for early detection of risk factors and target organ damage caused by hypertension in real clinical practice of family clinics in the Aral Sea region. Design and method: The results of screening of 2430 respondents were analyzed according to the modified PEN WHO protocol, which 1020 people with blood pressure (BP) 140/90 mm Hg or more included in the study. The average age was 57.68±8.06 years, women 61.4%, men 38.6%. Additionally, we determined echocardiography, ultrasound examination of the brachiocephalic arteries, microalbuminuria, creatinine and uric acid in blood serum. Statistical data are presented as M±SD. Results: Among the patients with high BP, 24 (2.4%) were under 40 years old, 847 (81%) were aged 40-65 years, 169 (16.6%) were over 65 years old. Obesity was detected in 46.2% of patients, left ventricular hypertrophy in 96%, microalbuminuria in 76%, proteinuria in 21%, thickening of the intima-media of the common carotid artery >0.9 mm in 92% of the examined. It was revealed that low cardiovascular risk was 2 times more common among women compared to men: 11.3% versus 5.6% (χ2=8.990; p=0.003); almost 4 times fewer patients with coronary artery disease: 7.4% versus 28.9% (χ2=14.939; p=0.0001); there are no tobacco users or regular alcohol drinkers, whereas among men these risk factors were identified in 59.4% (χ2=178.848; p=0.0001) and 35% (χ2=82.238; p=0.0001), respectively. Hyperuricemia prevailed in men compared to women: 23.3% versus 6.4% (χ2=60.243; p=0.0001) but the incidence of type 2 diabetes is 2 times higher in women compared to men: 13.7% versus 7.4% (χ2=9.205; p=0.002) Conclusions: The study showed a wide distribution of CVD risk factors among the hypertensive population of the Aral Sea region and significant target organ damage caused by hypertension. Among hypertensive men, there was a significant prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use, a significantly frequent detection of coronary artery disease, and hyperuricemia compared to women; type 2 diabetes mellitus is significantly more frequently detected in the female population.

Brain Immune Cell Infiltration and Serum Metabolomic Characteristics Reveal that Lauric Acid Promotes Immune Cell Infiltration in Brain and Streptococcus suis Meningitis in Mice.

Although naturally Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) causes meningitis resulting in death or sequela of neurological symptoms in pigs and humans, severely threatening public health in the world, it has been difficult to build up and confirm experimental meningitis mouse models with obvious neurological syndrome for about two decades, which strongly hampers the in-depth study on the control measures and mechanisms of SS2-induced meningitis. In this study, a typical meningitis mouse model of SS2 was successfully established, as confirmed by the behavioral indicators of balance beam test, suspension test, and gait analysis. With bacteria gathering in the brain, distinguishable unique features including meningeal thickening, vacuolization of the Nissl body, brain barrier damage, glial cell activation, and more infiltration of T cells, macrophages, and DCs are observed in SS2 meningitis mice with typical neurological signs. Some meningitis mice were also accompanied by identical nephritis, ophthalmia, and cochlearitis. Investigation of the metabolic features demonstrated the downregulated cholic acid and upregulated 2-hydroxyvaleric acid, tetrahydrocortisone, nicotinic acid, and lauric acid in blood serum of mice and piglets with meningitis. And feeding trials show that lauric acid can promote meningitis by promoting the infiltration of immune cells into brain. These findings demonstrated that infection of ICR (improved castle road) mice with SS2 was able to induce typical meningitis accompanied by immune cell infiltration and lauric acid upregulation. These data provide a basis for the deep study of SS2 meningitis.

Content of Phenols, Flavonoids and Antihyperuricemic Activity of Leaves And Rhizomes of Smilax Purhampuy Ruiz

Introduction: Smilax purhampuy is traditionally used for the treatment of chronic gastritis, cystitis, arthritis and inflammation of the prostate; however, it lacks scientific studies that support its traditional use. Objective: To estimate the chemical composition and antihyperuricemic activity of hydroalcoholic extracts from leaves and rhizomes of S. purhampuy. Method: the dry material of leaves and rhizomes of the species was used for the elaboration of the extracts by maceration with 80 % hydroalcoholic solvent. Total phenols were quantified by Folin-Ciocalteu and total flavonoids by the aluminum chloride colorimetric method. Antihyperuricemic activity was evaluated in rats using the potassium oxonate induction model; the extracts were tested at doses of 125, 250 and 400 mg/kg and allopurinol 10 mg/kg was used as a positive control. The uric acid content in blood serum was quantified and the enzymatic activity of xanthine oxidase was determined. Results: in the phytochemical determinations, significant differences were observed in the content of each evaluated metabolite, fundamentally associated with the characteristics of each plant organ. The highest content of phenols (4.08 mg EAG/g) and flavonoids (1.01 mg EQ/g) was found in the leaf extract. The extracts of leaves and rhizomes showed a significant decrease in the levels of uric acid in blood serum (156.31 µmol/L y 167.58 µmol/L, respectively) and in the activity of the enzyme xanthine oxidase at all doses tested, being more marked in the extract of leaves at 400 mg/kg. Conclusions: the results provide the first findings of the antihyperuricemic potential of the species and make an important contribution to the knowledge of its chemical composition

Вміст жирних кислот і продуктів перекисного окиснення ліпідів у сироватці крові молодняка української м’ясної породи при дії солей міді, селену та марганцю

Fatty acids have a significant impact on the overall metabolic processes in the body. One of the links of the general metabolism is the formation of peroxidation products during the oxidation of fatty acids. The aim of our work was to investigate the relationship between the content of fatty acids and lipid peroxidation products under copper, selenium, and manganese deficiency. The study was conducted on calves of the Ukrainian meat breed aged 6 months. An appropriate dose of deficient trace elements was added to the basic diet of the experimental groups. Determination of the spectrum of fatty acids in blood serum was performed using a gas chromatograph. The diet with copper, selenium and manganese increased the content of short-chain saturated fatty acids and the level of monounsaturated fatty acids decreased. The obtained results indicate the influence of individual fatty acids on the formation of peroxidation of products as a result of increased oxidation of the corresponding substrates. It is shown that deficient copper, selenium and manganese affect the correlation between fatty acids and peroxidation products. The revealed regularities can become the basis for the development of sound strategies for the mineral nutrition of beef cattle by including deficient trace elements and polyunsaturated omega fatty acids. In addition to obtaining important data on the relationship between biochemical processes in the body of beef cattle, the study of the influence of dietary strategies on the nutritional value and fatty acid composition of beef is provided by our further research.

Engineering of layered iron vanadate nanostructure for electrocatalysis: Simultaneous detection of methotrexate and folinic acid in blood serum

In this study, nanostructure kazakhstanite-like iron vanadate (FexV3xOy.H2O) was synthesized and calcined at different temperatures (100–800 °C) in a nitrogen atmosphere. The material was used to modify screen-printed carbon electrodes to achieve an electrocatalytic effect on the surface. The relationship between calcination conditions and the catalytic performance of the electrode towards the oxidation of chemotherapeutic drugs, including methotrexate (MTX) and folinic acid (FA), was studied. Various spectroscopic, microscopic, and electrochemical methods were used to characterize the synthesized materials. The results show that calcination induces changes in the electronic structure, nanostructure morphology, electroactive surface area, and electrocatalytic performance of the material. Screen-printed carbon electrode modified with FexV3xOy calcinated at 450 °C (SPC/FexV3xOy-450) was used to develop a voltammetric sensor for the determination of MTX and FA in blood serum. The response of the SPC/FexV3xOy-450 towards the electrooxidation of MTX and FA was the highest in comparison to the bare SPC and SPC/FexV3xOy calcined at other temperatures. The SPC/FexV3xOy-450 exhibited a linear relationship over a wide concentration range: 0.005–200 µM for MTX and 0.05–200 µM for FA. The detection limit was 2.85 nM for MTX and 7.79 nM for FA. Compared to conventional methods, the SPC/FexV3xOy-450 sensor had a short response time (5 min) for simultaneous detection of MTX and FA without signal interferences from coexisting electroactive compounds. The accurate and precise determination of MTX in the presence of FA confirmed the potential clinical applications of SPC/FexV3xOy-450 for therapeutic drug monitoring during chemotherapy.

Effects of selenium oxide nanoparticles on the morphofunctional state of the liver: Experimental data

Copper smelters are the sources of emission of complex aerosols containing, inter alia, selenium-containing nanoparticles (NPs). It is very difficult to adequately estimate the hazard posed by such particles since available data on them are scarce and have been obtained in comparatively few experimental studies with rather contradicting results. The aim of our study was to determine toxic health effects of selenium-containing nanoparticles more precisely with a focus on liver as a target organ. Liver toxicity following exposure to suspended selenium oxide nanoparticles was investigated in a sub-chronic experiment on outbred male albino rats. The suspension was prepared by laser ablation of 99%-pure selenium plates. We examined ultrastructural changes by electron microscopy, did cytological and histological analyses of the liver, biochemical blood testing and metabolomic blood screening. We observed lesions in the liver and inhibited secretory functions at various levels, from molecular to organismic, in the exposed animals. The microscopic examination showed that the number of normal and normal-vesicular mitochondria in liver cells went down by 7.78 %, p < 0.05; the metabolomic screening established lower levels of glycocholic acid in blood serum, р < 0.001; levels of alanine aminotransferase in blood serum grew by 30 %, p < 0.05; the number of acaryotic hepatocytes demonstrated a 3.1-fold increase, p < 0.05, according to the results of histological assessment of liver specimens. The touch smears of the liver examined showed a 2.2-fold increase in the number of degenerated hepatocytes (p < 0.05). These experimental data can be used to estimate a potential hazard of selenium-containing nanoparticles within social-hygienic monitoring and biomedical predictions of health damage caused by exposure to such NPs. Altered levels of lysophos-phatidylinositol can be a marker of exposure to the examined NPs and necessitate the search for early diagnostic predictors of associated health disorders.

Оценка влияния наночастиц оксида селена на морфофункциональное состояние печени (Экспериментальные данные)

Copper smelters are the sources of emission of complex aerosols containing, inter alia, selenium-containing nanoparticles (NPs). It is very difficult to adequately estimate the hazard posed by such particles since available data on them are scarce and have been obtained in comparatively few experimental studies with rather contradicting results. The aim of our study was to determine toxic health effects of selenium-containing nanoparticles more precisely with a focus on liver as a target organ. Liver toxicity following exposure to suspended selenium oxide nanoparticles was investigated in a sub-chronic experiment on outbred male albino rats. The suspension was prepared by laser ablation of 99%-pure selenium plates. We examined ultrastructural changes by electron microscopy, did cytological and histological analyses of the liver, biochemical blood testing and metabolomic blood screening. We observed lesions in the liver and inhibited secretory functions at various levels, from molecular to organismic, in the exposed animals. The microscopic examination showed that the number of normal and normal-vesicular mitochondria in liver cells went down by 7.78 %, p < 0.05; the metabolomic screening established lower levels of glycocholic acid in blood serum, р < 0.001; levels of alanine aminotransferase in blood serum grew by 30 %, p < 0.05; the number of acaryotic hepatocytes demonstrated a 3.1-fold increase, p < 0.05, according to the results of histological assessment of liver specimens. The touch smears of the liver examined showed a 2.2-fold increase in the number of degenerated hepatocytes (p < 0.05). These experimental data can be used to estimate a potential hazard of selenium-containing nanoparticles within social-hygienic monitoring and biomedical predictions of health damage caused by exposure to such NPs. Altered levels of lysophos-phatidylinositol can be a marker of exposure to the examined NPs and necessitate the search for early diagnostic predictors of associated health disorders.

Study of the activity of lipolysis and gluconeognesis in new-child cows with subclinical and clinical ketosis

The article discusses the results of a study of markers of lipolysis and gluconeogenesis in new-calf cows against the background of subclinical and clinical ketosis. The indicator of beta-hydroxybutyric acid in blood serum was chosen as a marker for the formation of groups based on the presence of ketosis and its form. Cows with an indicator of up to 1.0 mmol/l were considered healthy, the presence of subclinical ketosis was determined at a level of beta-hydroxybutyrate from 1.1 to 1.5 mmol/l, clinical ketosis - over 1.6 mmol/l. Cows were bled 3-7 days after calving and a study was made of the concentration of beta-hydroxybutyric acid, glucose, fructosamine, non-esterified fatty acids, cortisol and ALT activity. The results of the study revealed a significant increase in the concentration of non-esterified fatty acids in cows with moderate ketonemia by 46.9%, and in cows with a pronounced increase in the content of beta-hydrosibutyrate in the blood - by 79.8%. When considering the concentration of glucose in cows with different levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate in the blood, there is a slight increase in the indicator by 14.5% (P> 0.05) in cows with subclinical ketosis, but in animals with severe ketonemia, a significant decrease in glucose by 38.3 %. Cows in subclinical and clinical ketosis had significantly higher levels of cortisol (1.9 and 2.4 times, respectively) than cows with low blood levels of betahydroxybutyric acid. At the same time, cows with clinical ketosis showed a significant increase in the concentration of fructosamine by 22.3%. Subclinical ketosis, manifested by a moderate increase in the concentration of beta-hydroxybutyric acid in the blood (1.1 - 1.5 mmol / l), causes adaptive reactions in the body aimed at maintaining glucose homeostasis and extracting lipids from the depot that compensate for a temporary energy deficit. Clinical ketosis is accompanied by dissociation of the regulatory mechanisms of anabolic and catabolic processes in the body of a freshly calved cow.

Hypolypidemic Activity of L-Rhamnopyranosyl-6-O-Methyl-D-Galacturonan, a Polysaccharide Isolated from Birch Leaves (Betula pendula L.).

In male Syrian hamsters fed a synthetic high-fat diet enriched with cholesterol (0.3%), administration of a polysaccharide from birch leaves L-rhamnopyranosyl-6-O-methyl-D-galacturonan (3 g/100 g of diet) resulted in a decrease in total cholesterol levels, mainly due to the LDL fraction, triglycerides, and bile acids in blood serum; the content of triglycerides and cholesterol in the liver also decreased, while excretion of bile acids with feces increased. Thus, the lipid-lowering effect of L-rhamnopyranosyl-6-O-methyl-D-galacturonan is related to its ability to bind bile acids in the intestine and interrupt their enterohepatic circulation.

An efficient enzymatic approach for the detection of glucose and uric acid from blood serum

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is one of the significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) in living organisms, which is produced through mitochondrial respiration. The aberrant generation of H2O2 leads to complex diseases. The current study is focused on the preparation of highly effective fluorescent biopolymeric organic nanoparticles for the detection of H2O2. The synthesized compounds are highly selective towards H2O2 in presence of an enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In-situ generation of fluorogenic polymeric NPs by enzymatic cascade reactions recognize H2O2 in blood serum. This novel approach is suitable for the detection of elevated glucose and uric acid in blood serum in case of diabetic and gout condition through H2O2 detection. This method could hold the place of future diagnostic tool for various complex diseases including diabetes and gout.

Дослідження маркерів пуринового та білкового обміну сироватки крові у хворих на генералізований пародонтит, асоційований з подагрою

The purpose of the study was to establish pathogenetic mechanisms, in particular, disorders of purine and protein metabolism of blood serum, which can cause increased susceptibility of gout patients to periodontal diseases, contribute to their progression and mutually burden the course of both diseases, which is a necessary prerequisite for effective prevention and treatment of these patients. Materials and methods. A biochemical study of venous blood was carried out in 60 men with gout, aged 30 to 59 years, who were undergoing inpatient treatment in the rheumatology department of Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital. All the examined were men, which is related to the gender-age characteristics of the prevalence of gout. 2 observation groups were formed: the main group consisted of 30 patients with generalized periodontitis on the background of gout; the comparison group included 30 people with generalized periodontitis, not burdened by rheumatological pathology. The results were compared with the indicators of 20 conditionally healthy individuals (control group). The research was carried out in the period between attacks of gouty arthritis, two weeks after therapy with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In order for the test results to be objective, 24 hours before blood sampling, patients were recommended to exclude fruit and vegetable juices, caffeine, and alcoholic beverages from their diet, as well as to limit physical and mental exertion. Results and discussion. The results of the research presented the following: the patients of the main group had the highest level of the main marker of purine metabolism – uric acid in blood serum; it was 0.62 ± 0.18 mmol/l with a normal reference range of 0.20 - 0.42 mmol/l. In the comparison group, the laboratory indicator of uric acid content in blood serum was 0.38 ± 0.09 mmol/l and was at the upper limit of reference values, but it was by 1.6 times lower than in the main group, p < 0.05. In the control group, the lowest level of uric acid was observed with a digital value of 0.26 ± 0.06 mmol/l, which was by 1.5 times less than in the control group and by 2.4 times less compared to the data of the main group, p < 0.01. The level of urea, a marker of protein metabolism, in patients with generalized periodontitis on the background of gout was 9.21 ± 2.24 mmol/l and was by 1.3 times higher than the similar indicator of persons not burdened by rheumatological pathology (6.89 ± 1.53 mmol/l, p < 0.01) and by 1.9 times higher than in healthy individuals (4.72 ± 1.08 mmol/l, p < 0.01). Conclusion. According to the results of a biochemical study of the blood serum of patients with generalized periodontitis associated with gout, a significant increase in the concentration of uric acid was established, which indicated a violation of purine metabolism in these patients. Also, in patients with periodontal pathology on the background of gout, violations of protein homeostasis were observed, which was indicated by a high level of urea in the blood serum. Such a situation may indicate the presence, both at the systemic level in general and in periodontal tissues, in particular, of deep destructive processes that affect nuclear structures rich in nucleic acids, and the existence of a correlation between hyperuricemia and the destructive-inflammatory process in periodontics. Violations of purine and protein homeostasis contribute to the progression and mutually burden the course of both diseases

Preoperative blood markers for prediction of recurrence-free survival after surgical treatment of patients with stage III lung adenocarcinoma.

The possibility of the preoperative level of 42 indicators characterizing the cellular composition and metabolism in blood of patients with stage III lung adenocarcinoma (AC) to predict their relapse-free survival was studied. Blood samples of 451 patients with newly diagnosed AK stage III after their surgical treatment (resection volume - R0) have been investigated. The duration of the relapse-free period (period of observation - 1 year), cellular composition of the blood, concentration of C-RP, albumin, Cyfra 21-1 antigens, SCC, TPA, chemokines CXCL5, CXCL8, pyruvate kinase TuM2 PK isoenzyme, HIF-1α and hyaluronic acid in blood serum so as the proportion of blood cells with CXCR1 and CXCR2, CD44V6 receptors in blood serum were measured. To determine the dependence of the duration of the relapse-free period after the treatment on the observation time, Kaplan-Meier graphs were built. The relationship between the determined parameters and survival was judged using single- and multi-factor Cox proportional hazard models. Comparison of groups with different risk of AK recurrence was performed using the Log Rank test and χ2. The assessment of the predictive information content of laboratory tests was carried out using ROC analysis. It was shown that the concentration of monocytes, eosinophilic leukocytes, the relative quantity of lymphocytes with CXCR1 receptor, the level of Cyfra 21-1 before surgical treatment were associated with the duration of the relapse-free period. A regression equation was compiled, which included the level of Cyfra 21-1, relative content of lymphocytes with CXCR1, and the eosinophilic leukocytes / monocytes ratio. Based on the threshold value Y=0,597, a Kaplan-Meier plot of patient survival was built and the results of it correspond to the TNM stratification. The prognostic sensitivity of the results of the equation - 85,7%, the specificity - 94,7%.

Organic acids in the evaluation of cell mitochondrial function in underground pregnancy

Objective: to determine prognostic significance of low molecular weight metabolites in women with missed abortion. Material and methods: the research included 100 women of reproductive age, 79 of them with missed abortion diagnosed by ultrasound and 21 with progressive pregnancy who were admitted for an artificial abortion. All women underwent immunohistochemical studies of the endometrium and organic acids in blood serum and endometrium were determined by HPLC. Reliably significant organic acids in blood serum and endometrium, associated with metabolic disorders of fatty acids, amino acids, as well as intermediate metabolites in the Krebs cycle. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using the STATISTICA® for Windows, Release 6.0 module package from StatSoft® Inc., USA (2003), serial number AXAR802D898511FA. Results: statistically significant changes were revealed in the profile of organic acids in the studied women at the levels of lactic, pyruvic and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acids. In women with missed abortion, the change in the lactate / pyruvate. In all women with missed abortion, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic were determined, in contrast to women with a progressing pregnancy, combined with morpho-immuno-histochemical features (pronounced focal necrosis, venous fullness, lymphohistiocytic infiltration, increased levels of HLA-DR, CD 16, CD20 expression, reduced VEGF and LIF expression). Conclusion: missed abortion is associated with the accumulation of intermediate metabolites of tyrosine catabolism (4-hydroxyphenyacetic, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic and homogentizic acids), which, despite normal levels of TSH and T4, may reflect organ dysfunction. Timely correction of iodine deficiency in the pre-conception period after missed abortion can be a criterion for a successful subsequent pregnancy. Overcoming iodine deficiency potentiates the possibility of a conceptual restoration of fertility after a previous NB.

Antioxidant and Genoprotective Properties of α-Lipoic (Thioctic) Acid in Blood Serum Under X-Ray Exposure

Antioxidant and Genoprotective Properties of α-Lipoic (Thioctic) Acid in Blood Serum Under X-Ray Exposure

C-reactive protein as an indicator of polymorbidity in patients with arterial hypertension

Aim of the study was to investigate the role of C-reactive protein as an indicator of multimorbidity in patients with arterial hypertension.Material and methods. A retrospective archival study of the data of 1958 patients with arterial hypertension who were examined and treated at the clinic of the Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine (Novosibirsk) was carried out. 2 groups of patients were allocated depending on the concentration of C-reactive protein in the blood serum: normal and elevated (> 5 mg/l). A comparative analysis of the severity of polymorbidity, as well as clinical, laboratory and biochemical parameters in the selected groups were carried out.Results. It has been established that patients with arterial hypertension with elevated values of C-reactive protein had higher rates of transnosological and transsystemic polymorbidity, accompanied by changes in lipid, carbohydrate and purine metabolism (a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, an increase in the concentration of glucose and uric acid in blood serum, an increase in the index atherogenicity), as well as an increase in the content of fibrinogen in the blood serum.Conclusions. The concentration of C-reactive protein in the blood serum can serve as a biochemical marker of polymorbidity in patients with arterial hypertension.

Rationale importance of integrated determination of the level of CYFRA 21-1 and the receptors CXCR1, CXCR2, CD44v6 in the blood of patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer for predicting the tumor progression risk

Only 60-70 % patients with stage I and 35-40 % with stage II of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) overcome the 5-year survival. The reason for such a high mortality rate is almost always a disease recurrence due to the presence of hidden metastases. This indicates a different course of the disease within one stage. There is a need to develop indicators that would allow predicting the tumor progression in patients at the early tumor development stages in order to correctly build the strategy and tactics of their treatment.The objective of the study is to find and substantiate the possibility of using the laboratory parameters characterizing the level of blood proteins involved in carcinogenesis when predicting the NSCLC progression in patients with early disease stages.In 1250 patients (839 men and 411 women) who were first diagnosed with NSCLC in the early stages (I and II), the duration of the recurrence-free period after treatment was analyzed according to the one-year observation results. In 103 patients (56 ± 22.5 years), the level of CYFRA 21-1, SCC, TPA, M2 of pyruvate kinase, chemokines CXCL5, CXCL8 and the concentration of HIF1a and hyaluronic acid in blood serum were determined by the enzyme immunoassay and that of the receptors CXCR1, CXCR2, CD44v6 in blood granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes - by flow cytometry. 62 persons had stage I (G1 - 20, G2 - 23, G3 - 19) and 41 - stage II (G1 - 14, G2 - 15 and G3 - 12).Based on the results of the one-year observation and the graphic analysis of Kaplan-Meier, the groups of low (stage I, G1-2 + stage II, G1) and high (stage I, G3 + stage II, G2-3) risk of tumor progression were identified. In high-risk patients, compared with low-risk patients, the level of CYFRA 21-1, the fluorescence intensity of the receptor CXCR1 in granulocytes, the relative content of the receptor CXCR2 in lymphocytes and the receptor CD44v6 in monocytes were higher (p< 0.05). With their participation, according to the results of logistic regression analysis, an equation was constructed, the calculation of which allows predicting the risk of tumor recurrence. The threshold for the equation is 0.467. The sensitivity of the forecasting model is 84.8 %, the specificity is 84.2 %, the predictive values of positive and negative results are 81.2 and 87.3 % respectively.The study results showed that a set of laboratory parameters, including blood CYFRA 21-1 level in combination with CXCR1, CXCR2, CD44v6 can be used in patients with early stages of NSCLC to assess the risk of tumor progression.

Electrophoretic determination of carboxylic acids in blood serum with intracapillary concentration

Electrophoretic separation and on-line concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in human blood serum of the patients with the inflammatory bowel disease is described in the current investigation. SCFAs are end products of carbohydrate fermentation, which are indigestible in the intestine. The highest concentrations of SCFAs are in the proximal colon, where they are absorbed by the epithelial cells of the colon (colonocytes) and then enter the tissues and blood. The changes in their serum content can indicate the metabolism disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases. The low sensitivity of capillary electrophoresis requires application of on-line concentration in order to implement this method for the detection of low concentrations of SCFAs in biological fluids. Moreover, for the salt-matrix samples, an application of common concentration techniques based on the differences in conductivity of sample matrix and background electrolyte is limited. Therefore, the development of fast, efficient and highly sensitive approaches for the determination of SCFAs in blood serum is an important task. In the current work, the improvement of the sensitivity of SFCAs has been achieved by the application of a water plug, which was proposed to be injected directly before the sample in order to form a low conductivity area for the acceleration and concentration of the analytes. The proposed preconcentration and electrophoretic separation scheme provided decreased detection limits of SCFAs (~ 50 - 70 ng/mL) due to 30 times concentration of analytes as well as fast analytes’ determination (15 min).

Specificities of lipotoxicity of free fatty acids and cytokine profile in patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is an important cause of global liver disease characterized by diffuse hepatocytes with hepatocellular ballooning, intrahepatic inflammation and progressive fibrosis. A relevant task is the study of the relationship between content of free fatty acids and serum cytokine profile in patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases. A total of 74 people with chronic diffuse liver diseases were examined, including 32 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, 22 patients with alcoholic liver disease, 20 patients with toxic hepatitis. Chromatographic examination of free fatty acids (FFA) in blood serum was carried out using a Chromatek-Crystal 5000 gas chromatography system. Patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases had a significant increase in the level of unsaturated free fatty acids (USFA) in cases of toxic hepatitis (by 2.92 times, P > 0.05) and a decrease in the level of saturated free fatty acids (SFA) in cases of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (by 1.52 times, P > 0.05) compared with the control group; the balance between omega-6 and omega-3 PUFA significantly changed due to increase in linoleic acid in patients with alcoholic liver disease and toxic hepatitis (by 1.91 and 2.11 times, respectively) and arachidonic acid in patients with toxic hepatitis (by 1.78 times). The level of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were determined. In patients suffering chronic diffuse liver diseases there were multidirectional changes in the composition of free fatty acids of blood serum: a significant increase in the level of USFA, levels ІL-6 in toxic hepatitis; a decrease in the level of SFA, levels ІL-6 and TNF-α during non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; increased TNF-α production, ІL-6 during alcoholic liver disease compared with the control group. Significant change occurred in the balance between omega-6 and omega-3 PUFA due to increase in linoleic acid in cases of alcoholic liver disease and toxic hepatitis and arachidonic acid in cases of toxic hepatitis. The revealed correlations support the hypothesis that inflammation and lipotoxicity of FFA of blood serum contribute to the development and progression of structural changes in the liver. However, the pathomechanism of lipid metabolism and cytokine regulation with different etiological factors have their own characteristics, which should be taken into account when treating patients of these groups. Prospects for further research: these parameters may be used for serologic biomarkers of liver disease and development and implementation of the ratio between FFA and cytokines for the differential diagnosis of chronic diffuse liver disease in medical practice.

Changes in the Spectrum of Free Fatty Acids in Blood Serum of Dairy Cows during a Prolonged Summer Heat Wave.

Simple SummaryHeat stress leads to poor welfare, decreased productivity, and poor product quality. It is known that the content of fatty acids in the blood can reflect the physiological state of the body under normal and pathological conditions. They can be biomarkers for the state of biomembranes associated with inflammation and indicate the state of energy imbalance during chronic heat stress. They perform various functions in the body; therefore, the determination of the spectrum of free fatty acids can be used as biomarkers of these processes. The changes in the spectrum of free fatty acids in the blood serum of dairy cows revealed in our study will make it possible to better understand the physiological state of the organism and possibly indicate ways to maintain the health and milk productivity of animals under conditions of prolonged hyperthermia.This experiment was conducted to study the effect of a prolonged hot period on the fatty acid (FA) composition in blood serum of dairy cows. Eighteen multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to the hyperthermia group (HYP, n = 8) in August (summer season) and the control group (CON, n = 10) in October (autumn season). Blood from animals of the HYP group was collected in one heat wave, which was preceded by a long period of heat stress (HS, temperature-humidity index (THI ≥ 72)). Blood from cows of the CON group was collected under thermal comfort conditions (THI < 68). The spectrum of free fatty acids (FFA) in the blood serum was analyzed by gas chromatography. The concentration of FFA increased, including saturated FAs and monounsaturated FAs, in the blood serum of cows under conditions of prolonged HS. This was associated with the mobilization of FA into the bloodstream from adipose tissue, as a consequence of negative energy balance. An increase in the ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated FAs may indicate biomembrane dysfunction and adversely affect dairy cows. This study showed that prolonged periods of heat can affect the FA composition of blood. How much this leads to changes in the FA composition of milk and the quality of food products remains to be seen in further research.

Diagnostic value of sialic acid level in some infectious diseases and malignant neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract

The level of sialic acid in blood serum in 50 examined healthy people ranged from 0.100 to 0.185 units. wholesale pl., the average value is 0.130 units, fluctuations from the average + 0.020. According to our data, in persons under the age of 30, the level of sialic acid in most cases ranges from 0.100 to 0.130 units, and after 30 years - from 0.130 to 0.185 units.