Acidophilus NCFM Research Articles

Different Effects of Different Lactobacillus acidophilus Strains on DSS-Induced Colitis

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a worldwide chronic intestinal inflammatory immune-related disease. In this study, mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis were used to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus on colitis. The results revealed that L. acidophilus CCFM137 and FAHWH11L56 show potential for relieving colitis symptoms, while L. acidophilus FGSYC48L79 did not show a protective effect. Moreover, L. acidophilus NCFM and FAHWH11L56 showed similar effects on various indicators of DSS-induced colitis, increasing the IL-10 and IL-17 in the colon, and modifying the CCL2/CCR2 axis and CCL3/CCR1 axis. For L. acidophilus CCFM137, its effects on colitis were different from the above two strains. Moreover, L. acidophilus FGSYC48L79 had negative effects on colitis by increasing the abundance of harmful bacteria in the gut microbiota and may promote the signaling of chemokines and their receptors. This may be related to its special genome compared to the other strains.

Effects of galactosyltransferase on EPS biosynthesis and freeze-drying resistance of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM

Galactosyltransferase (GalT) is an important enzyme in synthesizing exopolysaccharide (EPS), the major polymer of biofilms protecting cells from severe conditions. However, the contribution to, and regulatory mechanism of GalT, in stressor resistance are still unclear. Herein, we successfully overexpressed GalT in Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM by genetic engineering. The GalT activity and freeze-drying survival rate of the recombinant strain were significantly enhanced. The EPS yield also increased by 17.8%, indicating a positive relationship between freeze-drying resistance and EPS. RNA-Seq revealed that GalT could regulate the flux of the membrane transport system, pivotal sugar-related metabolic pathways, and promote quorum sensing to facilitate EPS biosynthesis, which enhanced freeze-drying resistance. The findings concretely prove that the mechanism of GalT regulating EPS biosynthesis plays an important role in protecting lactic acid bacteria from freeze-drying stress.

Effects and Mechanisms of Resveratrol on the Adhesion of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM.

Based on the adhesion and surface properties of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, five common polyphenols in fruits and vegetables, including resveratrol, epicatechin, quercetin, hesperidin, and caffeic acid, were screened, and the reasons for resveratrol promoting adhesion were systematically explained. The results showed that resveratrol could significantly enhance NCFM adhesion to mucin (1.73 fold), followed by epicatechin (1.47 fold), caffeic acid (1.30 fold), and hesperidin (0.99 fold), while quercetin had a certain degree of inhibition (0.84 fold). The effects of these polyphenols on surface hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation of NCFM were consistent with adhesion results. Then, how resveratrol promotes NCFM adhesion was further explored. The results of the proteomic analysis showed that resveratrol changed the surface layer proteins of NCFM, involving 4 up-regulated proteins and 12 down-regulated proteins. In addition, resveratrol promoted the expression of mucin genes and the glycosylation of mucins on the HT-29 cell surface. Our results indicate that resveratrol changes the surface layer proteins of NCFM to modify surface properties and adhere to mucins. Meanwhile, resveratrol promotes expression and glycosylation of mucins in HT-29 cells. Our findings provide theoretical support for an in-depth explanation of the interaction among resveratrol, NCFM, and the HT-29 cells.

Effects of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 and Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM on volatile sulfur compounds produced by oral anaerobes

Halitosis is a term that refers to an unpleasant or foul odor originating from oral cavity, which is mainly caused by volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) produced by oral anaerobes such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola and Prevotella intermedia. General therapies, such as tooth and tongue brushing or usage of bacteriostat can hardly provide a harmless and continuous therapeutic effect on halitosis. Recent evidence has suggested the potential clinical application value of probiotics in the treatment of halitosis. In this study, Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 and Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM were identified from four kinds of probiotics and the antimicrobial activities against pathogens related to halitosis and inhibitory effects on VSCs were investigated. The results showed that B. lactis HN019 and L. acidophilus NCFM exhibited superior bacteriostatic action against pathogens related to halitosis and showed remarkable inhibitory effect on the production and emission of VSCs. These findings suggest that B. lactis HN019 and L. acidophilus NCFM may serve as promising parts of a successful halitosis manage plan.

Soybean protein isolate treated with transglutaminase (TGase) enhances the heat tolerance of selected lactic acid bacteria strains to spray drying

TGase treated soy protein isolate (SPI) was confirmed to improve the survival of Lb. bulgaricus CICC 6047 subjected to spray drying. The viability of this strain increased from 70.69 % to 86.01 % due to elevating thermal stability. The smoother bacterial cell surface was observed by TGase treated SPI. TGase treatment changed the secondary conformation of SPI, having α-helical structure increased. Chemical bonds (hydrogen bond, CN bond, NH bond) proved the enzyme-modified SPI to have enhanced resistance to heat. The addition of TGase treated SPI allowed other LAB strains to tolerate the spray drying better. Their survival percentage after spray drying was 83.44 % for Le. mesenteroides CICC 6055, 80.64 % for Lb. acidophilus NCFM, 87.79 % for B. animalis BI-03 and 87.02 % for Lb. plantarum CICC 6009, respectively. The good survival of the selected LAB strains from TGase treated SPI powders was observed during storage of 8 weeks at 4 °C.

Potential Modulation of Inflammation by Probiotic and Omega-3 Supplementation in Elderly with Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation-A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Probiotic and omega-3 supplements have been shown to reduce inflammation, and dual supplementation may have synergistic health effects. We investigated if the novel combination of a multi-strain probiotic (containing B. lactis Bi-07, L. paracasei Lpc-37, L. acidophilus NCFM, and B. lactis Bl-04) alongside omega-3 supplements reduces low-grade inflammation as measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in elderly participants in a proof-of-concept, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel study (NCT04126330). In this case, 76 community-dwelling elderly participants (median: 71.0 years; IQR: 68.0–73.8) underwent an intervention with the dual supplement (n = 37) or placebo (n = 39) for eight weeks. In addition to hs-CRP, cytokine levels and intestinal permeability were also assessed at baseline and after the eight-week intervention. No significant difference was seen for hs-CRP between the dual supplement group and placebo. However, interestingly, supplementation did result in significant increases in the level of the anti-inflammatory marker IL-10. In addition, dual supplementation increased levels of valeric acid, further suggesting the potential of the supplements in reducing inflammation and conferring health benefits. Together, the results suggest that probiotic and omega-3 dual supplementation exerts modest effects on inflammation and may have potential use as a non-pharmacological treatment for low-grade inflammation in the elderly.

New compound probiotic beverage protects against antibiotic-associated diarrhea in mice by modulating the microbiota.

Probiotics and their products are the classic way to treat and prevent gastrointestinal diseases. In this study, the authors designed new combinations and doses of probiotic beverages for antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Group S1 was different from the other groups, including Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium lactis BI-07. Its inulin content was higher than those of the other groups. Mice were induced with a 16-day administration of triple antibiotics in advance for 2 weeks prior to antibiotic treatment. In the experiment, the treatment group returned to normal more quickly than the placebo group. In group S1, the relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes and genus Lactobacillus increased, and the structure of the microbiota was the closest to normal among all groups. In conclusion, the combinations of probiotic beverages effectively caused structural recovery of the gut and fecal microbiota against antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and the S1 formula showed the best efficacy.

Determining the Role of UTP-Glucose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase (GalU) in Improving the Resistance of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM to Freeze-Drying.

Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM is widely used in the fermentation industry; using it as a freeze-dried powder can greatly reduce the costs associated with packaging and transportation, and even prolong the storage period. Previously published research has reported that the expression of galU (EC: 2.7.7.9) is significantly increased as a result of freezing and drying. Herein, we aimed to explore how galU plays an important role in improving the resistance of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM to freeze-drying. For this study, galU was first knocked out and then re-expressed in L. acidophilus NCFM to functionally characterize its role in the pertinent metabolic pathways. The knockout strain ΔgalU showed lactose/galactose deficiency and displayed irregular cell morphology, shortened cell length, thin and rough capsules, and abnormal cell division, and the progeny could not be separated. In the re-expression strain pgalU, these inhibited pathways were restored; moreover, the pgalU cells showed a strengthened cell wall and capsule, which enhanced their resistance to adverse environments. The pgalU cells showed GalU activity that was 229% higher than that shown by the wild-type strain, and the freeze-drying survival rate was 84%, this being 4.7 times higher than that of the wild-type strain. To summarize, expression of the galU gene can significantly enhance gene expression in galactose metabolic pathway and make the strain form a stronger cell wall and cell capsule and enhance the resistance of the bacteria to an adverse external environment, to improve the freeze-drying survival rate of L. acidophilus NCFM.

Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, Inulin, and Oat Bran Reduce TC and LDL-C in Adults with Hypercholesterolaemia

The present study was carried out to examine the effect of daily intake of 20 × 109 CFU Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM or 10 g inulin or 10 g beta-glucan (β-glucan) or synbiotic on fasting blood lipid levels in healthy adult men and women with moderately raised total plasma cholesterol (TC). This study was a randomized-controlled intervention in which 30 participants received either 10 g inulin or 10 g β-glucan or 20 × 109 CFU L. acidophilus NCFM or synbiotic for a period of 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected before the supplementation period (baseline) and at week 8, with a follow-up at week 12. There was a trend for TC values, compared with baseline, to be lower in the probiotic group by 9.31%, (−0.55 mmol/l; P > 0.05), inulin group by 9.58%, (−0.53 mmol/l; P > 0.05), and β-glucan group by 8.55%, (−0.47 mmol/l; P > 0.05) at week 8. There was a trend for LDL-C values, compared with baseline, to be lower in the probiotic group by 9.34% (−0.34 mmol/l; P > 0.05), inulin group by 7.98% (−0.29 mmol/l; P > 0.05), and β-glucan group by 16.08% (−0.41 mmol/l; P > 0.05) at week 8. The changes were statistically insignificant but clinically significant in all groups except synbiotic, as all levels fell into the desirable biochemistry range. There were no statistical and clinical changes in the TC and LDL-C levels in synbiotic groups. There were no statistical and clinical changes in the HDL-C and TG levels in all groups. These data suggest that the intervention supplementation except synbiotics may improve blood lipid profiles, mainly TC and LDL-C.

Metabolomic Analysis of Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. gasseri, L. crispatus, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Strains in the Presence of Pomegranate Extract

Lactobacillus species are prominent inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract that contribute to maintaining a balanced microbial environment that positively influences host health. These bacterial populations can be altered through use of probiotic supplements or via dietary changes which in turn affect the host health. Utilizing polyphenolic compounds to selectively stimulate the growth of commensal bacteria can have a positive effect on the host through the production of numerous metabolites that are biologically active. Four Lactobacillus strains were grown in the presence of pomegranate (POM) extract. Two strains, namely, L. acidophilus NCFM and L. rhamnosus GG, are commonly used probiotics, while the other two strains, namely, L. crispatus NCK1351 and L. gasseri NCK1342, exhibit probiotic potential. To compare and contrast the impact of POM on the strains' metabolic capacity, we investigated the growth of the strains with and without the presence of POM and identified their carbohydrate utilization and enzyme activity profiles. To further investigate the differences between strains, an untargeted metabolomic approach was utilized to quantitatively and qualitatively define the metabolite profiles of these strains. Several metabolites were produced significantly and/or exclusively in some of the strains, including mevalonate, glutamine, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide, phenyllactate, and fumarate. The production of numerous discrete compounds illustrates the unique characteristics of and diversity between strains. Unraveling these differences is essential to understand the probiotic function and help inform strain selection for commercial product formulation.

In Vitro Gut Fermentation of Whey Protein Hydrolysate: An Evaluation of Its Potential Modulation on Infant Gut Microbiome.

Whey protein and its hydrolysate are ubiquitously consumed as nutritional supplements. This study aimed to evaluate the potential effect of whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) on the infant gut microbiome, which is more variable than that of adults. Colonic fermentation was simulated through a static digestion model and fecal culture fermentation, using feces from normal infants aged from 1–3 years old. During in vitro gut fermentation, measurements of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentrations and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing were performed. Additionally, the growth curves of cultivated probiotics were analyzed to evaluate the prebiotic potential of WPH. Besides the decline of pH in fermentation, the addition of WPH induced a significant increase in the SCFA production and also the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, and Streptococcus (p < 0.05). The lower ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in WPH-supplemented samples indicated the positive modulation of WPH on the gut microbiota, which could benefit the energy balance and metabolism of infants. The stimulation effect of WPH on the probiotics (particularly Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM) during cultivation implied the prebiotic potential as well. Our findings shed light on WPH as a valuable dietary supplement with not only enriched resources of essential amino acids but also the potential to restore the infant gut microbiome.

Antidiabetic effects of multi-species probiotic and its fermented milk in mice via restoring gut microbiota and intestinal barrier

Probiotic is a promising nutritional intervention for the prevention and alleviation of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In this study, the remission potential of a multi-species probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 and Streptococcus thermophilus ST447) and its fermented yoghurt on the symptoms of high fat diet and streptozotocin induced T2DM mice were investigated, and the underlying mechanisms were elucidated. Multi-species probiotic and probiotic yoghurt elicited similar but varying efficacy in decreasing the body weight loss, improving organ weight, glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, regulating the levels of blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin and lipid as well as protecting the pancreatic islets. Their tangible antidiabetic effects may be ascribed to the mutual promotion between the repair of the intestinal barrier/permeability and the optimization of gut microbiota structure. Furthermore, the intestinal flora-short chain fatty acids-intestinal hormones/inflammatory pathway was activated and thereby conferring healthy benefits to the host. This proposed probiotic combination appears to provide a viable approach to alleviate T2DM.

How do Lycium barbarum polysaccharides promote the adhesion of Lactobacillus to Caco-2 cells?

Adhesion is thought to increase host-bacterial interactions, thus enabling health benefits to the host. Production of exopolysaccharides increases the chance of probiotic survival in the gastrointestinal tract and promotes adhesion to the epithelium; In our previous research, LBP can be used as potential prebiotics. Therefore we hypothesize that LBP supported the adhesion of Lactobacillus spp. After adding LBP, the result showed that LBP promoted the adhesion of 7 Lactobacillus strains, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM had the maximum adhesion rate ranging from 6.2 ± 1.16 to 25.5 ± 1.80 CFU/cell. Specifically, the components of LBP were analyzed by gas chromatography, We found that the similarity of polysaccharide components mainly promoted adhesion. After adding antibiotics, the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP-39 was affected; LBP was then added to revert from 5.0 ± 0.63 to 6.5 ± 0.67 CFU/cell. These findings suggest that LBP is potential prebiotics and can enhance the adhesion of Lactobacillus to Caco-2 cells.

Probiotic activity traits in vitro and production of antimicrobial peptides by Lactobacillaceae isolates from pulque using Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM as control.

The objective of this work was to determine in vitro probiotic activity traits of 11 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from pulque obtained from three different locations in the Mexican states of Oaxaca and Puebla using the probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM as a positive control, and to detect their production of antimicrobial peptides, including bacteriocins and peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGH). The LAB isolates were identified by sequencing of their 16S rRNA as belonging to four different genera of the Lactobacillaceae family: Lactiplantibacillus, Levilactobacillus, Lacticaseibacillus and Liquorilactobacillus, corresponding to the species plantarum, brevis, paracasei and ghanensis, respectively. Most of the strains showed resistance to high acidity (pH 2) and bile salts (0.5%), with survival rates up to 87 and 92%, respectively. In addition, most of the strains presented good antimicrobial activity against the foodborne pathogens Listeria monocytogenes, ECEC and Salmonella Typhi. The strain Liquorilactobacillus ghanensis RVG6, newly reported in pulque, presented an outstanding overall performance on the probiotic activity tests. In terms of their probiotic activity traits assessed in this work, the strains compared positively with the control L. acidophilus NCFM, which is a very-well documented probiotic strain. For the antimicrobial peptide studies, four strains presented bacteriocin-like mediated antibiosis and six had significant PGH activity, with two strains presenting outstanding overall antimicrobial peptide production: Lacticaseibacillus paracasei RVG3 and Levilactobacillus brevis UTMB2. The probiotic performance of the isolates was mainly dependent on strain specificity. The results obtained in this work can foster the revalorization of pulque as a functional natural product.

PROBIOTIC SUPPLEMENTATION ATTENUATES BINGE EATING AND FOOD ADDICTION 1 YEAR AFTER ROUX-EN-Y GASTRIC BYPASS: A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL.

BACKGROUND:The use of probiotics as adjuvants in the treatment of eating disorders, known as psychobiotics, has already been investigated as a means of modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis.AIM: This study aimed to assess the effect of probiotic supplementation on binge eating and food addiction in subjects after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.METHODS: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 101 patients who received probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07) or placebo supplements for 90 days after bariatric surgery, starting on the seventh postoperative day. They were evaluated preoperatively (T0) and postoperatively at 90 days (T1) and 1 year (T2) after surgery. The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) and Binge Eating Scale (BES) were applied to assess food addiction and binge eating, respectively.RESULTS: Before surgery, one-third of the patients presented with a food addiction and binge eating diagnosis. The number of symptoms of YFAS and the BES score decreased significantly in both groups at T1 compared to T0. However, a significant effect of treatment with probiotics was observed 1 year after surgery (T2). Both the number of symptoms of food addiction and the binge eating score were lower in the probiotic group than in the placebo group (p=0.037 and p=0.030, respectively).CONCLUSION: The use of probiotic supplementation for 90 days in the immediate postoperative period may decrease food addiction symptoms and binge eating score up to 1 year after surgery compared to controls.

Effects of Galactosyltransferase on Eps Biosynthesis and Freeze-Drying Resistance of Lactobacillus Acidophilus Ncfm

Effects of Galactosyltransferase on Eps Biosynthesis and Freeze-Drying Resistance of Lactobacillus Acidophilus Ncfm

In silico Identification of Potential Inhibitor Targeting Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus Acidophilus for the Treatment of Dental Caries

Background: Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases, and it is caused by the acid fermentation of bacteria that have become attached to the teeth. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) anchor surface proteins to the cell wall and form a biofilm to aid adhesion to the tooth surface. Some natural plant products, particularly several flavonoids, are effective inhibitors. However, given the scarcity of inhibitors and the emergence of drug resistance, the development of new inhibitors is critical. The high-throughput virtual screening approach was used in this study to identify new potential inhibitor of against S. mutans and L. acidophilus by using ligand (Ellagic acid).&#x0D; Aim: To evaluate the drug interaction ligand (Ellagic acid) and protein [A3VP1 of AgI/II] of Streptococcus mutans (PDB ID: 3IPK), glucan-1,6 - alpha-glucosidase from Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (PDB ID: 4AIE).&#x0D; Materials and Methodology: The pdb format of two selected proteins was retrieved from the RCSB protein database. Then inhibitors were docked with protein (A3VP1 of AgI/II) and glucan-1,6-alpha-glucosidase to identify the potent inhibitor. An evaluation criterion was based on the binding affinities by using AutoDock.&#x0D; Results: The binding energy of Ellagic acid - Streptococcus mutans docked complex-10.63 kcal/mol and with Ellagic acid – Lactobacillus acidophilus docked complex was -7.30 kcal/mol.&#x0D; Conclusion: In this study, Showed that lesser binding energy better is the binding of the ligand and protein. These findings can provide a new strategy for dental caries disease therapy by using Ellagic acid as a inhibitor against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus

Nanofiber could deliver lactic acid bacteria to the intestine of ruminant in vitro experiment.

This study investigates the use of nanofiber microcapsules produced by electrostatic spinning as a carrier for the delivery of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to the intestine of ruminants. We hypothesized that the LAB encapsulated into nanofiber microcapsules can be delivered to a ruminant's intestinal tract with little effect on the rumen fermentation and related bacteria. The in vitro experiment included three treatments: control group; 0.01g Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (L. acidophilus NCFM) encapsulated in nanofiber microcapsules by electrostatic spinning group (ELAN, 2.0×1011 CFU/g); and 0.01g L. acidophilus NCFM powder group (LANP, 2.0×1011 CFU/g), each incubated with 30ml of buffer rumen fluid for 48h to determine the effect on rumen fermentation, then the abundance of L. acidophilus NCFM in the intestine was estimated using the modified in vitro three-step procedure. Treatment responses were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA. The results showed that compared to the control, the ELAN group had a significant increase in pH (p<0.05), while the LANP group had a non-significant decrease in pH (p>0.05). LANP and ELAN groups had no significant influence on total volatile fatty acid and individual volatile fatty acids (p>0.05), apart from isobutyric acid of both groups, which reduced (p<0.05). ELAN group had a decreasing trend of gas production and dry matter digestion, while the LANP group increased them significantly (p<0.05). During the 16h and 48h rumen incubation, compared with control, there was no significant change in all bacteria in the ELAN group (p>0.05), while the LANP group increased the relative abundance levels of S. bovis, S. ruminantium, M. elsdenii, F. succinogenes, B. fibrisolvens, Lactobacillus, L. acidophilus NCFM (p<0.05). In the intestinal part, compared with control, the relative abundance of L. acidophilus NCFM in the ELAN group increased significantly (p<0.05), while the result was not observed in the LANP group. We concluded based on our findings that L. acidophilus NCFM could be protected by nanofiber microcapsules and delivered to the intestinal site with little influence on the rumen fermentation and bacterial community, suggesting nanofiber microcapsules prepared by electrospinning technology could be used as a carrier for rumen-protected study.

In vitro gastrointestinal resistance of Lactobacillus acidophilus in some dairy products.

In this study, different dairy products such as ice cream, yoghurt, white pickled cheese, and fermented acidophilus milk were manufactured by using either Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 20,079 or Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. The counts of L. acidophilus in the samples on days 1, 15, and 30 of the storage were determined. Additionally, the samples contained L. acidophilus were passed through a dynamic gastrointestinal model designed in laboratory conditions to compare the protective effect of different dairy products on viability of L. acidophilus against stress factors of the gastrointestinal model. The counts of L. acidophilus NCFM and L. acidophilus DSM 20,079 in the samples decreased by between 0.04 and 0.37 log units and by between 0.11 and 0.27 log units, respectively, within 30days of storage. During the passage through the gastrointestinal model, the highest percentage reduction in the counts of L. acidophilus was determined in yoghurt followed by fermented acidophilus milk, white pickled cheese, and ice cream, respectively. The reduction in the counts of L. acidophilus in the samples during the passage through the model increased with extension of storage time. The results of this study showed that the reduction in the counts L. acidophilus in the samples during the passage through the model was influenced significantly by the matrix of the dairy product and storage period.

Ameliorative Effect of Surface Proteins of Probiotic Lactobacilli in Colitis Mouse Models.

The increase in concern from viable cells of probiotics specifically in acute inflammatory conditions has led to the emergence of the concept of postbiotics as a safer alternative therapy in the field of health and wellness. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of surface proteins from three probiotic strains in dextran sodium sulfate and trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid = induced colitis mouse models. The molecular weight of total surface proteins extracted from the three probiotic strains ranged from ∼25 to ∼250 kDa with the presence of negligible levels of endotoxins. Surface layer proteins (SLPs) (∼45 kDa) were found to be present only in the Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM strain. In the in vivo study, significant differences were not observed in the weight loss and general appetite, however, the decrease in colon length was apparent in TNBS colitis control mice. Further, the administration of these surface proteins significantly reversed the histopathological damages induced by the colitogens and improved the overall histological score. The oral ingestion of these surface proteins also led to a decrease in myeloperoxidase activity and TNF-α expression while the IL-10 levels significantly increased for the strain NCFM followed by MTCC 5690 and MTCC 5689. Overall, the present study signifies the ameliorative role of probiotic surface proteins in colitis mice, thereby, offering a potential and safer alternative for the management of inflammatory bowel disorders.