Acid Phosphatase Isozymes Research Articles

Systematic implications of bullate leaves and isozymes for Halophila from Fiji and Western Samoa

Small-leaved plants from Fiji and Western Samoa with either bullate or smooth leaves had identical isozyme patterns for five enzyme systems, but plants from Fiji differed from plants of Western Samoa in isozymes of acid phosphatase, esterase and alcohol dehydrogenase. The isozyme patterns for plants of Fiji and Western Samoa differed from those of small-leaved plants of Guam that are referred to Halophila minor (Zoll.) den Hartog and from those of both small- and large-leaved plants of eastern Australia that have been referred to H. ovalis (R. Br.) Hook. f. Plants that had produced bullate or smooth leaves in Fiji or Western Samoa continued to produce bullate or smooth leaves, respectively, under controlled laboratory conditions, but most bullate-leaved plants were induced to produce smooth leaves and some smooth-leaved plants produced slightly bullate leaves under some experimental manipulations, suggesting strong genetic controls with environmental interaction. The small-leaved plants of Fiji and Western Samoa with either bullate or smooth leaves should be separated from H. ovalis, and because of inter-island differences in leaf morphology and isozyme patterning, they should be treated as endemic taxa or placed with other small-leaved populations of the Pacific in H. minor as a polymorphic taxon.

Isozyme variation in British populations ofSphagnum pulchmm(Braithw.) Warnst.

Patterns of variation in isozymes of peroxidase, esterase and acid phosphatase from six populations of Sphagnum pulchrnm in Britain are described. These are used to compare levels of polymorphism within and between the populations. Both are high and the implications of these fmdings are discussed in relation to the origin and maintenance of variation in populations where sexual reproduction does not take place.

Genetic analysis and geographical distribution of acid phosphatase isozyme in cultivated rice, Oryza sativa L.

Of 3, 746 rice varieties and strains collected from all over the world, 2, 842 (75.87%), 900 (24.03%), 2 (0.05%) and 2 (0.05%) showed J-, I-, O- and M-type zymograms of acid phosphatase, respectively. The gene symbols Acp19 Acp2Nul, Acp1-4 Acp2Fa, Acp1Nul Acp2Fa and Acp1Nul Acp2Nul were given for the J-, I-, O- and M-type zymograms, respectively, following the format described by Pai et al. (1975). Hereafter, however, in this paper the authors mainly used only the gene symbol of the Acp1 except the M-type zymogram, because the Acp1 locus was closely linked with Acp2 as described by Pai et al. (1975). F2 generations obtained from the F1 between the I- and J-types gave a good fit to a 1:2:1 ratio suggesting that these zymograms were controlled by Acp1 locus which carried two codominant alleles. The O-type zymogram was spontaneously induced mutant from the I-type, and controlled by a single recessive silent allele, Acp1Nul. The M-type was artificially induced mutant from the J-type, and governed by double recessive alleles, Acp1Nul Acp2Nul. From the results described above, all varieties and strains of the sativa rice plants were divided into either the genotypes Acp19/Acp19 or Acp1-4/Acp1-4. The gene Acp1-4 is distributed in the low latitude area with high frequencies, while the gene Acp19 predominates in the high latitude area.

Gibberellic Acid-stimulated de Novo Synthesis of a Particular Isozyme of Acid Phosphatase in Wheat Half-seeds

Gibberellic Acid-stimulated de Novo Synthesis of a Particular Isozyme of Acid Phosphatase in Wheat Half-seeds

Gibberellic Acid-induced Increase in Activity of a Particular Isozyme of Acid Phosphatase in Wheat Half-seeds

Gibberellic Acid-induced Increase in Activity of a Particular Isozyme of Acid Phosphatase in Wheat Half-seeds

Biochemical genetics of Zea mays L. I. Isozymes and the linkage relationship between AP-1 and AP-2 loci.

Following starch gel electrophoresis and a modified staining method, three distinct groups of acid phosphatase isozymes (AP-1, AP-2, and AP-3) have been identified in scutellum extracts of different inbred maize lines. The AP-2 group includes three electrophoretic variants: a fast (F), an intermediate (I), and a slow (S) type. Genetic analysis showed that AP-2 variants are under the control of three codominant alleles at the AP-2 locus. A linkage test between AP-1 and AP-2 indicated that a close linkage between these two loci is ruled out.

Developmental modification and hybridization of allelic acid phosphatase isozymes in homo- and heterozygotes for the Acp- 1 locus in rice.

A number of alleles each specified a set of three major and three minor bands of acid phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.2) in wild and cultivated rice strains. Relative intensity of the major bands was found to differ significantly according to the developmental stages of the leaves, suggesting the presence of protein modification genes. In heterozygotes, six parental and three hybrid bands were clearly observed in most of the heterozygotes, but the intensities of the hybrid bands were found to be generally lower than those theoretically expected due to random association of enzyme subunits. The cause of this phenomenon is discussed.

Studies on human prostatic acid phosphatase. V. Isolation and characterization of a prostatic acid phosphatase isozyme.

Acid phosphatase (orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase, EC 3. 1. 3. 2) isozyme 4 (pI 6.1) has been isolated from human prostate tissue. The enzyme showed a single protein band when examined by polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. The purification coefficient was approximate 3.2 and the recovery of enzyme activity was 0.1% from the supernatant fraction. The molecular weight of the enzyme obtained by gel filtration was 100000, whereas that obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate was 79000. The enzyme was not cross-reactive with acid phosphatase isozyme (pI 5.3) in immunodiffusion. Isozyme 4 had almost the same enzymic properties (Km, Ki, and optimum pH) as isozyme 2, but the specific activity of isozyme 4 was one-fourth of that of the latter.

Resolution and some properties of acid phosphatase isozymes bound to the cell wall of potato tubers.

Acid phosphatase bound to the cell wall of potato tubers consists of six isozymes. They were separated from one another by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, phosphocellulose and Sephadex G-200 columns. No significant differences were observed among these isozymes in pH or temperature dependence of activity and thermal stability, but they were distinct from each other in substrate specificity and sensitivity to several compounds. The isozymes were of non-specific acid phosphatase, and characteristic of high affinity for adenosine 5'-monophosphate as compared with the cytoplasmic type of enzyme. Sugar phosphates or glycerophosphate showed lower affinity, and 6w-(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate was only slightly hydrolyzed. The molecular weights of the isozymes were estimated to be 240,000 ~ 400,000, based on gel filtration. The reassociation of each isozyme with the cell wall preparation resulted in no change in substrate specificity. The degree of association was affected by the presence of the substrate or hydrol...

Thermal Degradation of Erythrocyte Acid Phosphatase Isozymes in a Case Sample

Analysis of bloodstains subjected to heat or improper collection techniques may yield expressions of erythrocyte acid phosphatase (EAP) phenotypes other than those originally coded. This report illustrates a case in which the deterioration of an EAP Type CB sample caused it to appear as an EAP Type C. Suggestions are offered to minimize such problems and to make the analyst aware of possible misinterpretations.

Plant speciation on tropical mountains: Leptospermum (Myrtaceae) on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo

The genus Leptospermum (Mytaceae) is represented on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo, by L.flavescens (widespread on Malesian mountains and uplands) and L.recurvum (endemic to Mount Kinabalu). Analysis of the general morphology, leaf characters, leaf anatomy and flavonoid content of field collection, of both taxa at 1970–4000 m indicated that L.recuruum is a distinct species, most probably derived from L.flavescenS. L.recurvum individuals display a striking variation in leaf pubescence. Seedlings of. These plants grown under uniform conditions were not genetically variable (as seen in the uniformity of peroxidase and acid phosphatase isozymes).Variation that did occur was not correlated with altitude or any other identifiable ecological factors. The sporadic distribution of individuals producing non-viable seeds, probably an expression of genetic load, is another indication of a lack of genetic diversity.L.recurvum may have evolved from a population of L.flaurscens on Mount Kinabalu, most probably during the Pleistocene.

Biochemical and electrophoretic properties of acid phosphatase isozymes and their distribution in cell functions from neoplastic prostatic tissues.

The various acid phosphatase isozymes can be distinguished on the basis of their biochemical properties or their net electrical charge. Four main groups of isozymes hydrolyze beta-glycerophosphate: the fastest-moving form seemed to be related to the cancerous state. The quantity of enzyme, either in the whole homogenate or in cytoplasmic fractions was not a useful criteria for cancer, however, while the distribution of acid phosphatase in subcellular structures was characteristic in cancer cases. Cell fractions were obtained by differential centrifugation, but were contaminated with prostatic secretions.

Comparative studies on acid phosphatase isozymes of developing human placenta and fetal liver.

Acid phosphatases from human placenta and fetal liver during ontogenic development have been studied by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. Three isozymes have been detected in liver as well as in early and term placenta, and one more in placenta at mid-gestation. These isozymes behaved differentially towards heat and a number of inhibitors at different weeks of gestation. Quantitative determination of each isozyme also showed stage-specific variation.

Isozymal differention between two species of Prosopis

Abstract The patterns of five multilocus isozyme systems were investigated in seed, shoot and cotyledon tissue of two species of mesquite, Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa and P. pallida . The isozymes of malate dehydrogenase, peroxidase, esterase, alcohol dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase from each of these tissues were analysed by starch gel electrophoresis and specific histochemical stains. In the case of each enzyme system examined, there were distinctly different isozymes which could be utilized to differentiate between these two species.

Acid phosphatase in eggs of the zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio.

2 isozymes of acid phosphatase have been identified by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis in the ovary and mature, unfertilized eggs of B. rerio. Histochemically, the enzyme appears to be localized in preyolk bodies of previtellogenic oocytes and in yolk platelets of vitellogenic and postvitellogenic oocytes. The contents of the cortical granules at all stages of oocyte differentiation were acid phosphatase negative.

Segregation of the isozymes of flax genotrophs.

The segregation of isozymes of peroxidase and acid phosphatase in progenies of crosses between large (L) and small (S and L6) flax genotrophs has been determined. The peroxidase isozymes segregated as expected on a simple Mendelian model with a dominant and a recessive allele and with the L genotroph being a homozygous dominant. All the peroxidase isozymes which differed segregated together, so the isozymes are controlled by either a single locus or closely linked loci. The acid phosphatase isozymes in the F1 were all L type, but the segregations observed in the F2 were not always consistent with a simple Mendelian model.

アイソザイム変異に基づく我が国のツバキ属植物の種間および種内関係

The present study was carried out to find out the inter- and intra-specific relationships in the genus Camellia. Isozymes of peroxidase, esterase and acid phosphatase in leaf blades of Camellia species, mainly C.japonica, C.sasanqua and C.sinensis, were investigated by polyacrylamide gel electrofocusing method. Zymobcrram patterns detected in these enzymes were not species-specific. Many different zymograms were found within a single species, some of which were in common with other species (Table 2). Some bands common to all species were also detected in each enzyme species (Fig.1). In acid phosphatase isozymes, distinct differences among species were not observed. Data obtained were treated by the technique of pattern analysis (HAYASHI 1956) to obtain an integrated picture, because the assortment of species by zymograms was difficult due to the wide variation within the species (Fig.2). In the scatter diagrams for peroxidase, distribution areas of C. sinensis, C.japonica and C. wabiske were overlapped and that of C, sasanqua was placed distantly from them. On the other hand, in the scatter diagrams for esterase, distribution areas of C.japonica and C.sasan-qua were overlapped and that of C, sinensis was placed distantly. Therefore, it was con-sidered that the evolutionary trend of each enzyme species was independent. The measure of divergence (Table 3) showed a similar trend to that obtained by the pattern analysis.

Isozyme Patterns and Differences in Plant Parts and Their Callus Cultures in Common Bean1

Changes that occur in different enzyme systems during the culture of cells or callus have been extensively studied in several plant species. A question exists whether different tissues of the same plant maintain persistent tissuespecific patterns of gene expression during in vitro culture or whether in vitro cultures are characterized by identical patterns of gene expression no matter what their tissue of origin. This question is of importance to crop improvement since many genetic selections in vitro and rapid assays for agronomic traits in vitro require the cellular expression of tissue specific traits.Extracts of primary leaf, epicotyl tip, epicotyl, cotyledon, mesocotyl, and radicle tissues of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and of callus derived from them were subjected to electrophoretic separation and assays of cathodal and anodal peroxidases and malate dehydrogenases and anodal acid phosphatase isozymes. The patterns of most of the isozyme systems were specific at the organ tissue level; however, a great uniformity of isozyme pattern occurred within and between the calli of the same or different origins. Rapidly growing calli derived from different plant parts expressed similar, though not in all cases identical, isozyme patterns.

ACID PHOSPHATASE DURING THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE NEMATODE,PANAGRELLUS SILUSIAE

This study showed that there is a relationship between acid phosphatase levels and life cycle stages in the nematode, Panagrellus silusiae. Ten different isozymes of acid phosphatase were separated electrophoretically. Relative activity peaked at different stages in the life cycle for the different isozymes. Later in the life cycle, there is a general decrease in the relative activity of acid phosphatase itself, while there is a concurrent increase in the number of isozymes present. At least 97% of the acid phosphatase in P. silusiac is soluble (unbound). Acid phosphatase appears to be present in large quantities in the entire gastrointestinal tract, the excretory canals, and the reproductive system of mature Panagrellus silusiae.

メロン育種におけるアイソザイムの利用

In order to explore the possibility of application of isozyme analysis to melon breeding, several enzymes of melon seedlings were studied using the polyacrylamide gel isoelectrofocusing technique. The plants examined included 10 cultivars of 3 botanical varieties and 3 F1 hybrids between them.As to the zymograms of glutamate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and esterase, there was no significant difference among cultivars. In the peroxidase isozymes there was a slight difference in zymograms between powdery mildew resistant cultivars and susceptible ones : that is, the former had 22 bands and the latter 21 bands. In the acid phosphatase isozymes remarkable differences in banding patterns expressed by optical density were shown not only among varieties, but also within a variety, that is, between the American type and the British one in var. reticulatus. It is concluded that acid phosphatase isozymes seem useful for the discrimination of varietal differences among plants, and accordingly it may be applied to the selection in melon breeding.