Acid Mine Drainage Sludge Research Articles

Characterization of Sludge Generated from Acid Mine Drainage Treatment Plants

One of the wastes generated from coal mining area is the voluminous sludge, laden of metals. This sludge comes as precipitate which is produced from acid mine drainage active treatment ponds and always been disposed to the landfill. Limestone is one of the typical pH neutralization agents which is often used to bind the metal content of acid mine drainage in active treatment and will be settled at the bottom of the settling ponds. The goal of this study is to determine the potential utilization of acid mine drainage sludge in order to reduce the environmental problem caused by sludge accumulation so that this could become a valuable material. In this study, physical and chemical characterization from the sludge in solid form was carried out by laboratory analysis using SEM-EDS to see surface morphology, X-Ray Diffraction for mineralogy analysis, the chemical composition was done by using X-Ray Fluorescence and also BET method to see the surface area of the sample. The results of the characterization have shown that acid mine drainage sludge was very promising to be utilized as adsorbent material for removing pollutant in wastewater and further research is needed for the application to the wastewater technology.

Effect of chemical amendments on reduction of bioavailable heavy metals and ecotoxicity in soil

Heavy metal pollution in soil has been concerned because of toxicity in ecosystem and adverse effect on human health. Main objective of this study was to examine reduction of bioavailable heavy metals and consequently, decrease of ecotoxicity to biota when chemical amendments were applied in soil. Three chemical amendments, acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS), lime stone (LS), and steel slag (SS) were applied with varied application ratio (1, 3, 5%) in heavy metal polluted soil and bioavailable fraction of heavy metal was monitored. In addition, ecotoxicity test using earthworm (Eisenia fetida) was conducted for 28 days examining mortality, weight increase, and bioaccumulation of heavy metal in the earthworm. Result showed that AMDS was the most efficient amendment for reducing bioavailable heavy metals in soil while SS showed the least efficiency. Reduction ratio of bioavailable-As, Cd, and Pb was ranged 39.0–92.0% depending on application ratio and heavy metal species for AMDS application. However, only bioavailable-Pb was reduced at the range between 39.1% and 56.5% when SS was applied in soil. In contrast, the lowest concentration of As, Cd, and Pb and ecotoxicity effect in the earthworm was observed in SS treatment indicating that exposure route of heavy metals or particle size of amendments might effect on uptake of heavy metals to the earthworm. Overall, ecotoxicity test in combination with chemical concentration monitoring is a useful tool for evaluating remediation efficiency of heavy metal polluted soil.

Acid mine drainage sludge as an alternative raw material for M-type hexaferrite preparation

Two types of dewatered acid mine drainage sludge were sampled from abandoned Japanese mines. The sludge shows great potential to be completely reused as alternative iron and calcium sources to synthesize M-type calcium substituted barium hexaferrite with addition of BaCO3 by solid-state reaction. The precursors and as-prepared samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetry–mass spectroscopy. The effect of sludge addition on phase formation and microstructure evolution during calcination was discussed in details. For sludge content up to 93.9 mass % with addition of 6.1 mass % BaCO3, M-type hexaferrite can be identified in the XRD patterns of as-prepared samples calcined at 1100, 1200, and 1300 °C. The impurities in the sludge, such as silicon, and aluminum, result in formation of secondary aluminosilicates phases; another impurity sulfur in the sludge may increase M-type hexaferrite formation temperature owing to barium or calcium sulfate formation in the precursor. The impurities also contribute to the difference in the microstructure for lower melting point. Possible applications of the sludge-derived hexaferrite products such as magnetic material or microwave absorber are suggested.

Estimating Arsenic Mobility and Phytotoxicity Using Two Different Phosphorous Fertilizer Release Rates in Soil

Deficiencies in phosphorus (P), an essential factor for plant growth and aided phytostabilization, are commonly observed in soil, especially near mining areas. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of P-based fertilizer types on arsenic (As) extractability and phytotoxicity in As-contaminated soil after stabilizer treatment. Different treatments with respect to the P-releasing characteristics were applied to soil to determine As mobility and phytotoxicity in P-based fertilizers, with bone meal as a slow-releasing P fertilizer and fused superphosphate as a fast-releasing P fertilizer. In addition, P fertilizers were used to enhance plant growth, and two types of iron (Fe)-based stabilizers (steel slang and acid mine drainage sludge) were also used to reduce As mobility in As-contaminated soil under lab-scale conditions. A water-soluble extraction was conducted to determine As and P extractability. A phytotoxicity test using bok choy (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Jusl.) was performed to assess the elongation and accumulation of As and P. Within a single treatment, the As stabilization was higher in steel slag (84%) than in acid mine drainage sludge (27%), and the P supply effect was higher in fused superphosphate (24740%) than in bone meal (160%) compared to the control. However, a large dose of fused superphosphate (2%) increased not only the water-soluble P, but also the water-soluble As, and consequently, increased As uptake by bok choy roots, leading to phytotoxicity. In combined treatments, the tendency towards change was similar to that of the single treatment, but the degree of change was decreased compared to the single treatment, thereby decreasing the risk of phytotoxicity. In particular, the toxicity observed in the fused superphosphate treatments did not appear in the bone meal treatment, but rather the growth enhancement effect appeared. These results indicate that the simultaneous application of bone meal and stabilizers might be proposed and could effectively increase plant growth via the stabilization of As and supplementation with P over the long term.

Applications of Portland cement blended with fly ash and acid mine drainage treatment sludge to control acid mine drainage generation from waste rocks

Portland cement is an effective but expensive option for source control of acid mine drainage (AMD); the cost could be reduced by blending the cement with cheap waste materials such as fly ash from coal combustion and sludge produced from neutralization of acid mine drainage with lime. To test how these two additives affect cement performance in reducing AMD generation, blended cement slurries were applied to sulfidic waste rocks from Brukunga, South Australia, in leaching columns monitored for around 1 year. Acidity, metal and sulfate loads decreased greatly (by 80–95%) for all cement applications but the effect varied, depending mostly on the depth of penetration of the cement in the column (a function of slurry viscosity). The fly ash-blended cements penetrated further into the columns than the more viscous surface-capping sludge-blended cements, causing a greater decrease of leachate acidity loads and sulfide oxidation due to better coverage of the waste rocks and more acidity neutralization by cement dissolution. The AMD sludge showed no evidence of releasing its adsorbed heavy metals, but the fly ash released some Si, indicating that it is not chemically stable in the cement. There was little secondary mineral growth in the blended cements; the ettringite in the AMD sludge-blended cement formed from bassanite present in the sludge rather than exposure to acid mine drainage. Overall analysis of the long-term effectiveness of the blended cement applications shows that cement placed as a surface cap on top of the waste rock provides more value, because the slower cement dissolution rates ensure continued effectiveness for many years. Scaling up the results from the laboratory study to the field scale at the Brukunga mine site suggests that benefit/cost ratios in the order of 20–30 might be achieved compared to the present use of lime neutralization for AMD treatment.

Mine sludge waste recycling as bio-stimulant for applications in anaerobic wastewater treatment.

This study examined the applicability of two mine sludge wastes, mine tailing sludge (MTS) and acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS) as iron-rich bio-stimulant for enhancing organic matter degradation in anaerobic process. Batch treatment of domestic sewage having 343 ± 10 mg/L chemical oxygen demand (COD) using MTS and AMDS as additives mixed with septic tank sludge as anaerobic inoculum produced lower start-up time, higher efficiency of COD removal, enhanced biomass retention, and higher acidogenic and methanogenic activity after stabilization. Biostimulation induced by mine sludge waste additives in anaerobic system were observed to have correlation with percentage of iron content in the additives, as well as difference in surface charge between biomass and the additives. Treatment efficiency induced by the two mine sludge waste based additives were similar at 90% confidence limit, however, was found to be higher than lower iron containing additive laterite soil, while lower than higher iron containing synthetic zero valent nano iron as additives used for comparison. The study was supported by scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope and optical microscope images of sludge granule sand surface charge measurement.

Effect of Temperature on Phase Transformation and Leaching Behavior of Acid Mine Drainage Sludge

Effect of Temperature on Phase Transformation and Leaching Behavior of Acid Mine Drainage Sludge

Efficacy and limitations of low-cost adsorbents for in-situ stabilisation of contaminated marine sediment

Recycling waste materials as adsorbents for stabilising contaminated marine sediment is a low-cost and sustainable remediation method. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of organic (lignite and green waste compost) and inorganic wastes (acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS) and coal fly ash (CFA)) on metal stabilisation and assess the leachability of minerals from the adsorbents. The kinetic results illustrated that Zn (0.21 mg L−1) and Cu (0.16 mg L−1) quickly released from the sediment within 30 min. The continuous column leaching tests showed that the addition of carbonaceous lignite effectively reduced leaching of Zn (4.5–7.0 mg L−1) and Pb (0.05–0.06 mg L−1) after 100 pore volumes, although the stabilisation capacity was lower than that of activated carbon. In comparison, two inorganic industrial by-products (AMDS and CFA) outcompeted the stabilisation performance of organic materials, which reduced the long-term leaching concentrations of Cu and Zn to below 1 mg L−1. The AMDS even provided comparable efficiency to the commercial zero-valent iron due to its abundant sorption sites and alkaline earth metals for contaminant adsorption and precipitation. However, the addition of waste adsorbents resulted in elevated leaching of Mn, Fe, and Al from the lignite- and AMDS-amended sediment, which may pose toxic risks to benthic organisms. the proposed waste adsorbents present a low-cost and low-carbon treatment for in-situ contaminated sediment remediation.

Remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils via waste-reclaimed treatment agents: Batch and field studies

The potential of three different waste-reclaimed treatment agents (WRTAs) for removing arsenic was evaluated via laboratory-scale batches, column experiments, and field tests. WRTA1 was synthesized using acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS), cement, and sand. WRTA2 and WRTA3 were synthesized by adding fly ash or Ca(OH)2, respectively, to WRTA1. The maximum adsorption capacities of WRTA1, WRTA2, and WRTA3 for As(III) using the Langmuir model were 16.6 mg g−1, 14.5 mg g−1, and 20.6 mg g−1, respectively, and for As(V) were 29.6 mg g−1, 27.3 mg g−1, and 31.3 mg g−1, respectively. The pseudo-second-order equation for the adsorption of As(III) and As(V) fit the kinetics data well. The column study showed that the WRTAs are very effective adsorbents and exhibit > 80% removal of As from the contaminated soil. The inhibition of As accumulation in plants (i.e., rice, chili, and sesame) by the WRTAs was evaluated and showed a 96% inhibition in As accumulation in chili roots for WRTA2. The suggested WRTAs are promising agents for the removal of As and heavy metals from heavily contaminated agricultural soil.

A Comparative Study on Poaceae and Leguminosae Forage Crops for Aided Phytostabilization in Trace-Element-Contaminated Soil

When applying an aided phytostabilization in trace-element-contaminated agricultural soil, the cultivation of forage crops instead of edible crops can reduce the trace elements transfer to humans while minimizing the income loss of farmers. The objectives of this study were to compare the effect of the type of forage crops at the “family” level (Poaceae and Leguminosae) on aided phytostabilization using physical (water stable aggregation), chemical (Mehlich-3 extraction), and biological assessments (dehydrogenase activity). Pig manure and acid mine drainage sludge were used as soil amendments, and four plant species (Loliummultiflorum Lam. var. italicum and Secalecereale L. [Poaceae representatives], Viciavillosa Roth, and Trifoliumpratense L. [Leguminosae representatives]) were cultivated after amendment treatments. Chemical assessment showed that the reduction in bioavailability of trace elements was partly observed in legume crops. The positive effects of plant cultivation were determined through physical assessment. The effectiveness of pig manure as an organic amendment was determined by biological assessment. In some treatments, the synergistic effect of the incorporation of chemical stabilization with both plant families was observed but it was difficult to identify a clear distinction between the two families. The translocation of trace elements from root to shoot was low in all plants, indicating that the cultivation of the plants used in this study is safe with regards to the spread of trace elements into the environment. The results suggest that forage crop cultivation in contaminated agricultural soil could ameliorate soil quality after chemical stabilization.

Assessing the sustainability of acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment in South Africa

The environmental sustainability of acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment at semi-industrial scale is examined by means of the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. An integrated process which includes magnesite, lime, soda ash and CO2 bubbling treatment was employed to effectively treat, at semi-industrial scale, AMD originating from a coal mine in South Africa. Economic aspects are also discussed. AMD is a growing problem of emerging concern that cause detrimental effects to the environment and living organisms, including humans, and impose on development, health, access to clean water, thus also affect economic growth and cause social instability. Therefore, sustainable and cost effective treatment methods are required. A life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) revealed the viability of the system, since the levelized cost of AMD treatment can be as low as R112.78/m3 (€7.60/m3 or $9.35/m3). Moreover, due to its versatility, the system can be used both at remote locales, at stand-alone mode (e.g. using solar energy), or can treat AMD at industrial scale, thus substantially improving community resilience at local and national level. In terms of environmental sustainability, 29.6 kg CO2eq are emitted per treated m3 AMD or its environmental footprint amount to 2.96 Pt/m3. South Africa's fossil-fuel depended energy mix and liquid CO2 consumption were the main environmental hotspots. The total environmental footprint is reduced by 45% and 36% by using solar energy and gaseous CO2, respectively. Finally, AMD sludge valorisation, i.e. mineral recovery, can reduce the total environmental footprint by up to 12%.

Heavy Metals and Radioactivity Reduction from Acid Mine Drainage Lime Neutralized Sludge

The worldwide known treatment processes of acid mine drainage result into the formation of hydrous ferric oxides that is amorphous, poorly crystalline and into the generation of hazardous voluminous sludge posing threat to the environment. Applicable treatment technologies to treat hazardous solid material and produce useful products are limited and in most cases nonexistence. A chemical treatment process utilizing different reagents was developed to treat hazardous acid mine drainage (AMD) sludge with the objectives to conduct radioactivity assessment of the sludge generated from lime treatment process and determine the reagent that provides the best results. Leaching with 0.5 M citric acid, 0.4 M oxalic acid, 0.5 M sodium carbonate and 0.5 M sodium bicarbonate was investigated. The leaching time applied was 24 hours at 25 °C. The characterization of the raw AMD revealed that the AMD sludge from lime treatment process is radioactive. The sludge was laden with radioactive elements namely, 238U, 214Pb, 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 214Bi. 0.5 M citric acid provided the best results and the hazardous contaminants were significantly reduced. The constituents in the sludge after treatment revealed that there is a great potential for the sludge to be used for other applications such as building and construction.

Chelant-enhanced washing of CCA-contaminated soil: Coupled with selective dissolution or soil stabilization

Remediation of CCA-contaminated soil (Cr, Cu, and As) by biodegradable chelant-enhanced washing (EDDS, S,S-ethylene-diamine-disuccinic-acid) needs further enhancement. This study investigated the effectiveness of coupling with pre-treatment by selective dissolution and post-treatment by soil amendments, respectively. Three groups of reagents (reductants, alkaline solvents, and organic ligands) were adopted in the pre-treatment to dissolve the oxide minerals before EDDS extraction. In the post-treatment, soil amendments (coal fly ash (CFA), acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS), green waste compost (GWC)), and their mixtures) were used for a 2-month stabilization after 2-h EDDS washing. Multi-endpoint evaluation was performed by assessing the chemical state, leachability, mobility, bioaccessibility, and plant-availability of residual metal(loid)s as well as the cytotoxicity, enzyme activities, and available nutrients of the treated soils. Pre-treatment by dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate significantly enhanced extraction efficiency, but also increased the leachability of As and Cr and bioaccessibility of Cr in the treated soils. While sodium hydroxide removed the majority of As without increasing its leachability and bioaccessibility, it increased the cytotoxicity and inhibited the acid phosphatase activity. Post-treatment with AMDS and CFA effectively controlled the mobility and leachability of residual As and Cr after EDDS washing. However, destabilized Cu was only marginally immobilized by GWC due to strong Cu-EDDS complexation. The bioaccessibility and phytoavailability of Cu was primarily reduced by EDDS washing, while those of As and Cr could be attenuated by AMDS and CFA. This study indicates that coupling chemical extraction with subsequent soil amendment plays complementary roles in mitigating effects of residual metal(loid)s and improving environmental quality.

Effect of chemical amendments on remediation of potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) and soil quality improvement in paddy fields.

Remediation of potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) in paddy fields is fundamental for crop safety. In situ application of chemical amendments has been widely adapted because of its cost-effectiveness and environmental safety. The main purpose of this research was to (1) evaluate the reduction in dissolved concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) with the application of chemical amendments and (2) monitor microbial activity in the soil to determine the remediation efficiency. Three different chemical amendments, lime stone, steel slag, and acid mine drainage sludge, were applied to paddy fields, and rice (Oryza sativa L. Milyang 23) was cultivated. The application of chemical amendments immobilized both Cd and As in soil. Between the two PTEs, As reduction was significant (p<0.05) with the addition of chemical amendments, whereas no significant reduction was observed for Cd than that for the control. Among six soil-related variables, PTE concentration showed a negative correlation with soil pH (r=-0.70 for As and r=-0.54 for Cd) and soil respiration (SR) (r=-0.88 for As and r=-0.45 for Cd). This result indicated that immobilization of PTEs in soil is dependent on soil pH and reduces PTE toxicity. Overall, the application of chemical amendments could be utilized for decreasing PTE (As and Cd) bioavailability and increasing microbial activity in the soil.

The Effects of Various Amendments on Trace Element Stabilization in Acidic, Neutral, and Alkali Soil with Similar Pollution Index.

Many studies have examined the application of soil amendments, including pH change-induced immobilizers, adsorbents, and organic materials, for soil remediation. This study evaluated the effects of various amendments on trace element stabilization and phytotoxicity, depending on the initial soil pH in acid, neutral, and alkali conditions. As in all types of soils, Fe and Ca were well stabilized on adsorption sites. There was an effect from pH control or adsorption mechanisms on the stabilization of cationic trace elements from inorganic amendments in acidic and neutral soil. Furthermore, acid mine drainage sludge has shown great potential for stabilizing most trace elements. In a phytotoxicity test, the ratio of the bioavailable fraction to the pseudo-total fraction significantly affected the uptake of trace elements by bok choy. While inorganic amendments efficiently decreased the bioavailability of trace elements, significant effects from organic amendments were not noticeable due to the short-term cultivation period. Therefore, the application of organic amendments for stabilizing trace elements in agricultural soil requires further study.

Study for Phytostabilization using Soil Amendment and Aster koraiensis Nakai in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil of Abandoned Metal Mine

The objectives of this study were to select optimal soil amendments through analysis of heavy metal availability in soil and uptake to Aster koraiensis Nakai for forest rehabilitation of heavy metal contaminated soil of abandoned metal mine. A. koraiensis was cultivated for 6 months at contaminated soil with several soil treatments (bottom ash 1 and 2%, fly ash 1 and 2%, waste lime+oyster 1 and 2%, Acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS) 10 and 20%, compost 3.4%, non-contaminated natural forest soil, and control). The analysis results of heavy metal concentrations in the soil by Mehlich-3 mehthod, growth and heavy metal concentrations of A. koraiensis showed that waste oyster+lime 1% and compost were more effective than the other amendments for phytostabilization. However, it is needed comprehensive review of factors such as on-site condition, slope covering to reduce soil erosion and vegetation introduction from surround forest for revegetation to apply forest rehabilitation.

Effects of Soil Neutralizing Treatments on Soil Characteristics and Growth of Aster koraiensis in the Acid Soil of Abandoned Metal Mine

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of soil neutralizing treatments on soil characteristics and growth of Aster koraiensis in the acid soil of abandoned metal mine for selection of proper neutralizer. The most effective neutralizers were acid mine drainage sludge, waste lime + oyster and compost. Those neutralizing treatments showed promoting growth of Aster koraiensis. According to this study, it is applicable of acid mine drainage sludge, waste lime + oyster and compost to neutralize acid soil for rehabilitation in abandoned metal mine. However, follow-up study is necessary to calculate proper ratio of each neutralizer.

Destabilization dynamics of clay and acid-free polymers of ferric and magnesium salts in AMD without pH adjustment.

The physicochemical treatment was employed to treat acid mine drainage (AMD) in the removal of turbid materials using clay only (exp A) and a combination of clay, FeCl3 and Mg(OH)2 (exp B) to form a polymer. A 5 g sample of clay (bentonite) was added to 1.2 L of AMD and treated in a jar test at 250 rpm for 2 min and reduced to 100 rpm for 10 min. A 200 mL sub-sample from the 1.2 L mother liquor was poured into five 500 mL glass beakers, and 20 mL dosages of a polymer of 0.1 M Fe(3+) in (FeCl3) and 0.1 M Mg(2+) in (Mg(OH)2) was added to the beakers. The samples were allowed to settle for 1 h, after which the supernatant was analyzed for pH, total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO) and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) (exp A). A similar set of experiments was conducted where 200 mL of the AMD sample was poured into 500 mL glass beakers and (20-60 mL) dosages of a combination of 5 g clay, 0.1 M Fe(3+) (FeCl3) and Mg(2+) (Mg(OH)2) polymer was added and similar mixing, settling time and measurements were conducted (exp B). The polymers used in exp A exhibited TSS removal efficiency (E%) which was slightly lower compared with the polymer used in exp B, above 90%. Clay has a high TSS removal efficiency in the treatment of the AMD, indicating that adsorption was a predominant process in exps A and B. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs of the AMD sludge of both exps A and B, with a rigid and compacted structure consisting of dense flocs surrounded by the smaller flocs bound together, corroborate the fact that adsorption is a predominant process.

Risk mitigation by waste-based permeable reactive barriers for groundwater pollution control at e-waste recycling sites

Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) have proved to be a promising passive treatment to control groundwater contamination and associated human health risks. This study explored the potential use of low-cost adsorbents as PRBs media and assessed their longevity and risk mitigation against leaching of acidic rainfall through an e-waste recycling site, of which Cu, Zn, and Pb were the major contaminants. Batch adsorption experiments suggested a higher adsorption capacity of inorganic industrial by-products [acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS) and coal fly ash (CFA)] and carbonaceous recycled products [food waste compost (FWC) and wood-derived biochar] compared to natural inorganic minerals (limestone and apatite). Continuous leaching tests of sand columns with 10wt% low-cost adsorbents were then conducted to mimic the field situation of acidic rainfall infiltration through e-waste-contaminated soils (collected from Qingyuan, China) by using synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) solution. In general, Zn leached out first, followed by Cu, and finally delayed breakthrough of Pb. In the worst-case scenario (e.g., at initial concentrations equal to 50-fold of average SPLP result), the columns with limestone, apatite, AMDS, or biochar were effective for a relatively short period of about 20-40 pore volumes of leaching, after which Cu breakthrough caused non-cancer risk concern and later-stage Pb leaching considerably increased both non-cancer and lifetime cancer risk associated with portable use of contaminated water. In contrast, the columns with CFA or FWC successfully mitigated overall risks to an acceptable level for a prolonged period of 100-200 pore volumes. Therefore, with proper selection of low-cost adsorbents (or their mixture), waste-based PRBs is a technically feasible and economically viable solution to mitigate human health risk due to contaminated groundwater at e-waste recycling sites.

Efficiency of Chemical Amendments for Reducing Ecotoxicity in Heavy Metal Polluted Agricultural Fields

This study was conducted to evaluate effect of chemical amendments on reducing bioavailable fraction of heavy metals in soil along with ecotoxicological effect on earthworms, Eisenia fetida. Three different chemical amendments, lime (L), steel slag (SS), and acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS), were applied with varied application ratio (1, 3, 5%). Heavy metal contaminated soil was mixed with chemical amedments and earthworms, Eisenia fetida, were cultivated for 28 days. Bioavailable fraction of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) extracted with 0.1N HCl was monitored and also, mortality, growth, and metal concentration in earthworm were assessed. Result showed that all three amendments had high efficiency to reduce bioavailable fraction of heavy metals in soil. In particular, lime showed the highest reduction rate of Cu (63.9-87.7%), Pb (7.90-24.65%), and Zn (40.83-77.60%) among three amendments. No mortality of earthworm was observed during experimental period except 3% and 5% AMDS treatment indicating that application of chemical amendments is safe in terms of ecotoxicological aspect. However, no positive correlation was observed between reduction of bioavaialble fraction of heavy metals in soil and earthworms. Overall, application of chemical amendments in agricultural field can be adapted for reducing bioavailable fraction of heavy metals and detoxification in soil.