Abstract
When applying an aided phytostabilization in trace-element-contaminated agricultural soil, the cultivation of forage crops instead of edible crops can reduce the trace elements transfer to humans while minimizing the income loss of farmers. The objectives of this study were to compare the effect of the type of forage crops at the “family” level (Poaceae and Leguminosae) on aided phytostabilization using physical (water stable aggregation), chemical (Mehlich-3 extraction), and biological assessments (dehydrogenase activity). Pig manure and acid mine drainage sludge were used as soil amendments, and four plant species (Loliummultiflorum Lam. var. italicum and Secalecereale L. [Poaceae representatives], Viciavillosa Roth, and Trifoliumpratense L. [Leguminosae representatives]) were cultivated after amendment treatments. Chemical assessment showed that the reduction in bioavailability of trace elements was partly observed in legume crops. The positive effects of plant cultivation were determined through physical assessment. The effectiveness of pig manure as an organic amendment was determined by biological assessment. In some treatments, the synergistic effect of the incorporation of chemical stabilization with both plant families was observed but it was difficult to identify a clear distinction between the two families. The translocation of trace elements from root to shoot was low in all plants, indicating that the cultivation of the plants used in this study is safe with regards to the spread of trace elements into the environment. The results suggest that forage crop cultivation in contaminated agricultural soil could ameliorate soil quality after chemical stabilization.
Highlights
Agricultural soil pollution from trace elements, including arsenic and heavy metals, causes adverse environmental effects, and poses risks to human health through contaminated food crops [1,2]
This study was conducted to investigate the differences in plant family (i.e., Poaceae and Leguminosae) on aided phytostabilization in contaminated agricultural soil, using physical, chemical, and biological assessments
dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and showed synergistic effects when treated with trace element immobilization amendments
Summary
Agricultural soil pollution from trace elements, including arsenic and heavy metals, causes adverse environmental effects, and poses risks to human health through contaminated food crops [1,2]. Chemical stabilization may disrupt soil environments and decrease soil quality, leading to adverse effects for plant growth and agricultural productivity [7,8]. A transition period is needed for the stabilization of trace elements after chemical stabilization in the field [7,9]. Issues may arise if food crops are cultivated directly after chemical stabilization, such as a loss of income and health risks caused by a decline in crop productivity and the uptake of trace elements, respectively
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