Acid Fuchsin Research Articles

A NOVEL METHOD OF USING INDIGENOUS WOOD ROTTING FUNGI IN LIGNIN DEGRADATION OF TOBACCO STALKS

Tobacco stalks represent a type of abundant renewable resources whereas wood rotting fungi are of renowned industrial interest. This study was aimed at assessing the biotechnological potentiality of indigenous wood rotting fungi on lignin degradation of tobacco stalks. 21 isolates were isolated and screened for phenol red oxidation in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) containing 250 µg/mL phenol. 12 isolates oxidized phenol and were compared on decolorization of five dyes; acid fuchsin, indigo carmine, congo red, methyl orange, and malachite green supplemented independently at 250 µg/mL in PDA. Further, In vitro studies were carried out on lignin degradation. The isolates were incubated with ground tobacco stalks and final residual lignin content calculated. Isolate 9, 6 and 2 effectively reduced lignin content from 29.15% to 16.26%. 16.72% and 19.22% respectively, suggesting them as a suitable cost effective mechanism that can be considered for use on lignin degradation in Zimbabwe. The fungal isolates 9, 6 and 2 have great biotechnological potential in the paper industries in both dye discoloration and delignification and hence recommended for biotechnological reduction of pollutants from the paper industry.

Clonal integration and regeneration in bamboo Bashania fargesii

Bashania fargesii is one of the main food sources for giant pandas in the Qinling Mountains and an important part of forest regeneration after cultivation. The species typically invades old fields through clonal rhizome growth, but we lack knowledge on the importance of clonal integration in this response to episodic changes. Here, we first established 25 transects at eight sites to reveal the invasion of B. fargesii into old-fields. Secondly, we examined the existence of clonal integration (water sharing) in this species using acid fuchsin dye (0.5 %; m/v). Thirdly, we set up a controlled experiment to examine whether clonal integration helps bamboo regeneration under giant panda herbivory. Together, the experiments help understand the use of B. fargesii for giant panda forest management. B. fargesii invasion into old-fields was detected and decreased during change; that is, older fields had less invasion. Clonal integration occurred distally (to old-fields) and proximally (to bamboo forests), with maximum distal distance 3.84 m and proximal 2.13 m. Rhizome severing and culm clipping initially enhanced the performance of bamboo regeneration, especially number of leaves and branches (foraging). Furthermore, for the second year, number of leaves and branches were significantly more while we found no significant effects in the third year. In conclusion, B. fargesii is one of the pioneer plants invading into old-fields but the invasion decreases with change. Ramets at the boundary of old-fields and bamboo forest share water via clonal integration. Intermediate episodic changes (including ramet disconnection and moderate herbivory) could initially help B. fargesii growth, though the impact lessened over time. These findings provided some scientific bases for the management of B. fargesii bamboo forests for giant panda habitat; additional water/soluble nutrients and intermediate episodic changes could be considered for future Bashania bamboo forest management.

Assessment of aging and photobleaching effects on the acid Fuchsin dye-doped poly(vinyl alcohol)

Assessment of aging and photobleaching effects on the acid Fuchsin dye-doped poly(vinyl alcohol)

Substituent Dependence on Series of Cationic Gyroidal MOFs in utc-c Topology with High CO2 Affinity and Ultrahigh Anionic Dye Adsorption Capacity.

A substituent decorating strategy for modification of the functional cavity is of great importance in the design of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Herein, three new isostructural cationic MOFs, [Cu3(Xpip)2]·NO3·nH2O (Xpip stands for X-substituted phenylimidazophenanthroline, where X = adm (SCNU-2), f (SCNU-3), and none for SCNU-4), have been successfully synthesized and shown gyroidal utc-c topology and large pore sizes which can be adjusted by different substituents (-N(CH3)2, -F, and -H). Interestingly, the differences of the substituents (sizes and proton donor/acceptor) show essential effects on the adsorption abilities of carbon dioxide and dyes, where SCNU-4 exhibits the highest CO2 affinity and the biggest adsorption capacity for anionic dyes Fluorescein Sodium, and SCNU-3 adsorbs the largest amount (1503.6 mg/g) of Acid Fuchsin to date for the reported porous materials. The detailed studies in adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, and theoretical calculation of the binding energies between the structures and dye molecules confirm that the electric properties of the frameworks (cationic) and substituents directed to the pore surface are two important factors dramatically affecting the selective dye adsorption.

Simultaneous Electrochemical Exfoliation and Covalent Functionalization of MoS2 Membrane for Ion Sieving.

Transition metal dichalcogenide membranes exhibit good antiswelling properties but poor water desalination property. Here, a one-step covalent functionalization of MoS2 nanosheets for membrane fabrication is reported, which is accomplished by simultaneous exfoliating and grafting the lithium-ion-intercalated MoS2 in organic iodide water solution. The lithium intercalation amount in MoS2 is optimized so that the quality of the produced 2D nanosheets is improved with homogeneous size distribution. The lamellar MoS2 membranes are tested in reverse osmosis (RO), and the functionalized MoS2 membrane exhibits rejection rates of >90% and >80% for various dyes (Rhodamine B, Crystal Violet, Acid Fuchsin, Methyl Orange, and Evans Blue) and NaCl, respectively. The excellent ion-sieving performance and good water permeability of the functionalized MoS2 membranes are attributed to the suitable channel widths that are tuned by iodoacetamide. Furthermore, the stability of the functionalized MoS2 membranes in NaCl and dye solutions is also confirmed by RO tests. Molecular dynamics simulation shows that water molecules tend to form a single layer between the amide-functionalized MoS2 layers but a double layer between the ethanol-functionalized MoS2 (MoS2 -ethanol) layers, which indicates that a less packed structure of water between the MoS2 -ethanol layers leads to lower hydrodynamic resistance and higher permeation.

Bacillus-Based Products to Control Meloidogyne incognita Races 3 and 4 in Cotton and Compared Histopathology Using B. methylotrophicus

Cotton meloidoginosis caused by Meloidogyne incognita races 3 and 4 is an important disease and can cause intense damage. The objective of this work was to test the effectiveness of commercial Bacillus-based products in the control of M. incognita races 3 and 4 of cotton in a greenhouse. Plants with and without nematode inoculation were used and subsequently evaluated for 200 days after the application of treatments. The products with Bacillus subtilis, B. amyloliquefasciens and B. subtilis + B. lincheniformis showed the best results in terms of shoot fresh matter weight. In relation to shoot dry weight, treatments with B. methylotrophicus (87 g, with nematode) and B. subtilis (80 g, with nematode) were superior, with emphasis on B. methylotrophicus. In the evaluation of root fresh weight, only the treatment with B. methylotrophicus (148.8 g, with nematode) provided statistically higher weight than the control. In item dry weight of root without nematode and nematode reproduction factor, the treatment with B. methylotrophicus stood out from the other treatments, making this the selected product to conduct the subsequent tests. With the acid fuchsin staining method, it was possible to verify that there was reduction in the penetration of J2 in the first days for plants treated with the bacteria. Upon adoption of the toluidine blue staining method, it was possible to observe abnormalities in giant cells with formation of vacuoles, thinner cell wall and females with large vacuoles inside. Thus, there is evidence that the use of biological products can be effective in controlling M. incognita.

Towards high nonlinear optical susceptibility of Acid Fuchsin dye deposited on FTO substrate for optoelectronic applications

Towards high nonlinear optical susceptibility of Acid Fuchsin dye deposited on FTO substrate for optoelectronic applications

Life-stage dependent histological characterization of liver HIF-1α expression in the Indonesian shortfin eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor McClelland, 1884)

The Indonesian shortfin eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor McClelland, 1884) is catadromous fish. The developmental phase of the fish is influenced by the availability and type of feed, and dissolved oxygen levels (DO). Oxygen level fluctuations during migration from sea to fresh waters can cause hypoxia and trigger activation of the Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha gene (HIF-1α). Therefore, undertanding HIF-1α expression is very important in understanding the life cycle and physiology of this organism. This study aimed to perform a histological comparison between the liver structure of eel in the elver eel phase to silver eel and compared the expression of HIF-1α in the liver. The eels were collected from Kulon Progo Regency, Segara Anakan in Cilacap, and Cangkringan in Sleman, respectively. The eel livers were prepared with standard paraffin method. The samples were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin, Mallory Acid Fuchsin and Periodic Acid-Schiff Alcian Blue for histological observation. The HIF-1α protein expression was detected using immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the structure of liver elver, yellow, and silver eel shared similar tubular hepatocytes. Moreover, there was no significant differences in the parenchymal structure of liver of all stage of eel. Mucin levels were different in each life cycle phase. HIF-1α expression varied by eel phase, with the elver eel showing weak expression, yellow stage showing moderate expression, and silver eels displaying the highest levels of expression. We conclude that the highest expression of HIF-1α was found in the silver eel, which resides in freshwater environments and is found in freshwater while returning to the sea for reproduction.

WITHDRAWN: 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid based polyamide membrane

2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) has the similar structure with terephthalic acid, and it can be used in the preparation of new furan-based polyamide materials to replace petroleum-based monomer. In present work, polyfuran dicarboxylate decane diamine (PA10F) was prepared from dimethyl 2,5-furandicarboxylate (DMFDCA) and 1,10-diaminodecane, and using PA10F (Mw = 3.3 × 10 4 ) as raw material. And then DMF as solvent and water as coagulation bath, PA10F membranes with asymmetric structure were fabricated by non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) from different concentration of PA10F casting solution. The performance of PA10F membrane was studied on the morphology, roughness, surface charge, reject rate and anti-protein contamination. The results show that the surface of PA10F is negatively charged, and the rejection rates of methyl blue (MB, Mr = 799.80), Congo red (CR, Mr = 696.68) and acid fuchsin (AF, Mr = 585.54) with different molecular sizes can reach 100%, 99.06% and 98.01%, respectively. Furthermore, PA10F membrane shows an excellent anti-fouling performance, and the flux recovery rate can reach 94.01%. • PA10F was prepared from dimethyl 2,5-furandicarboxylate and 1,10-diaminodecane. • PA10F membranes were fabricated by non-solvent induced phase separation. • PA10F membrane was a kind of asymmetric membrane with negatively charged surface. • PA10F membrane shows an high anti-fouling performance with nano layered top surface. • Supporting layer is a finger hole structure with the sponge structure bottom surface.

Photothermal-driven interfacial-polymerized ultrathin polyamide selective layer for nanofiltration

Synthesizing defects free, mechanically robust, thin polyamide (PA) selective layer with sufficient channels for boosted permeance/selectivity of the thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration (NF) membranes are the central issues which impede the lab-made nanoseparation membranes commercialization. In this work, a new approach is developed to synthesize thin PA layer by light-driven interfacial-polymerization (IP) via photothermal effect from Fe-TCPP metal organic frameworks (MOFs) nanofibers inter-layer. The Fe-TCPP nanofibers convert the illuminating visible light into heat (high local temperature) and provide to PA polymerization, ultimately synthesizing robust, thin, hydrophilic PA selective layer. After removing the Fe-TCPP nanofibers layer from the prepared thin PA film with Fe-TCPP nanofibers (TFN) NF membrane, the PA of the thin-film composite (TFC) NF membrane is enforced enough to sustain high pressure of 8 bars. The resulted TFC NF membrane shows boosted methanol and acetonitrile permeances of 120 and 160 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1 with 97% rejection to acid fuchsin dye. The nanofiltration membranes show stable separation performance in both organic and aqueous mediums and have potential for organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) and dye-wasted water nanoseparation. This photothermal-driven interfacial-polymerization will open doors for typical TFC nanofiltration/reverse osmosis membranes.

A method for simultaneously monitoring phloem and xylem reconnections in grafted watermelon seedlings

Grafting is an effective way to increase watermelon's tolerances to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the survival of grafted seedlings largely depends on successful graft formation. Therefore, understanding the graft formation process, particularly vascular reconnection, is of critical importance. This study found that lignin in watermelon stem showed strong auto-fluorescence under blue-light excitation. Consequently, blue-light excited fluorescent tracers (FTs) such as 5(6)-carboxy fluorescein diacetate (CFDA) were unsuitable for assaying vascular connectivity in watermelon. In contrast, UV-light excited esculin and red-light excited acid fuchsin proved to be efficient FTs for monitoring phloem and xylem connectivity, respectively, in self-grafted watermelon. Furthermore, combining esculin application to the scion cotyledon and acid fuchsin to the rootstock root enabled simultaneous monitoring of both phloem and xylem connectivity in individual self-grafted watermelon seedlings. Based on this assay, we found that phloem and xylem reconnections occurred simutaneously in self-grafted watermelon. Moreover, low temperature and removal of the rootstock cotyledons both delayed vascular reconnection in the self-grafted watermelon. In conclusion, this new method provided a convenient, accurate and rapid way to analyze vascular connectivity in watermelon.

Pengaruh Insektisida Klorpirifos Terhadap Struktur Histologi Intestinum Ikan Wader Pari (Rasbora lateristriata Bleeker, 1854)

Chlorpyrifos is one of commonly used insecticides. However, the use of insecticides in agriculture has negative impacts including lethal effect to non-target organisms. Wader pari fish is a type of freshwater fish that lives in rice fields or rivers and can be used as an indicator of water pollution. The purpose of this study was to determine the intestinal histological structure, the histopathological effect of chlorpyrifos on intestine, and population number of goblet cells, respectively. The treatment concentration of 0.001; 0.005; and 0.01 ppm were determined by preliminary trial and exposed for 168 hours. Fish behavior and water quality were monitored. The fish were still alive until the last day of exposure were then made intestinal histological preparations using the paraffin method and staining with Haematoxylin Eosin (HE), Mallory Acid Fuchsin (MAF), Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS). The results showed that the histological structure of the wader pari intestine consisted of mucosal tunica, submucosal tunica, muscularis tunica, and serous tunica. Furthermore, chlorpyrifos has a significant effect on population number of goblet cells. The intestine damages were edema, vacuolization, cloudy swelling, hemorrhage, lysis, and fusion of vili. It could be concluded that chlorpyrifos caused intestinal damage in wader pari fish.

MOFs-derived defect carbon encapsulated magnetic metallic Co nanoparticles capable of efficiently activating PMS to rapidly degrade dyes

In this work, a new defect carbon encapsulated magnetic metallic Co nanoparticles (denoted as Co@DC) was prepared via pyrolyzing Co-BTC (BTC: 1,3,5-trimesic acid) MOFs precursor at 900 °C, and characterized by various technologies to prove that the Co@DC contains Co0, Co2+ and Co3+. It was used to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade Rhodamine B (RhB) dye efficiently. Over 99% of 10 mg/L RhB with initial pH of 5.5 was degraded by 100 mg/L PMS activated by 10 mg/L Co@DC within 5 min. The RhB degradation rate constant in the Co@DC/PMS system was 1.1805 min−1, which was approximately 17 times that of DC/PMS system (0.0695 min−1). The Co@DC displayed a good magnetism, stability, and PMS activation ability in a wide pH range of 3 to 10. After four cycles, the RhB removal rate can still maintain over 90% after 10 min reaction. The Co@DC/PMS system can also rapidly degrade the other dyes (acid fuchsin, methylene blueandmethyl orange), showing excellent universality. The free radical quenching experiments and EPR trials suggest that both the radicals (sulfate radical, hydroxyl radical, and O2•−) and non-radical (singlet oxygen) species are involved in the RhB degradation, while the latter plays a major role. In addition to the cobalt ions, the metallic Co0 also took part in PMS activation and reacted with O2 to generate Co2+, ensuring the sufficient Co2+ to activate the PMS to produce Co3+. The Co3+ ions withdraw electrons from HSO5− or Co0 in the Co@DC catalyst, driving a Co2+/Co3+ cycle to maintain a high performance of the Co@DC/PMS system for RhB removal. The effects of common inorganic anions on RhB removal, the mineralization degree and possible degradation pathway of RhB were studied. Relative to the previous catalysts for PMS activation to degrade RhB, the Co@DC shows lower activation energy of 23.78 KJ/mol. Altogether, this work provides a simple strategy to develop an efficiently magnetic heterogeneous catalyst to activate PMS for the elimination of hardly degradable dyes.

Mn-doped carbon dots as a visible-light-driven catalyst for degradation of acid fuchsin and malachite green

Mn-doped carbon dots as a visible-light-driven catalyst for degradation of acid fuchsin and malachite green

Tuning the Microstructure of a Zwitterion-Functionalized Polyethylenimine Loose NF Membrane for Dye Desalination

Developing a highly efficient and anti-fouling nanofiltration (NF) membrane for the desalination of dye wastewater is one of the hot environmental issues. In this study, loose NF membranes were facially prepared by glutaraldehyde (GA)-diffused crosslinking zwitterion-functionalized polyethylenimine (PEI-SBMA) and subsequent tannic acid (TA) surface modification. The microstructure of the membrane was tuned by optimizing the crosslinking condition to enhance the selectivity of dye/salt. The anti-fouling performance of the membrane was improved by the functionalization of the zwitterion and the adjustment of TA coating. Under optimal preparation conditions, the membrane performed high dye rejection [higher than 99% for fuchsin acid (AF) and methyl blue (MB)] and a high dye/salt selectivity of 93.95 with a water permeance of 118.5 LMH/bar, which were about 7.2 times and 49.5% higher than the membrane without crosslinking, respectively. In addition, the membrane showed enhanced anti-fouling ability and good long-term stability. The way of gradient crosslinking by GA diffusion to tune the microstructure of the loose NF membrane and the combination of zwitterions and TA coating could be useful candidates to enhance the membrane performance for water treatment.

High-Performance α-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/CdS Heterojunction Photocatalyst: Innovative Design, Electrochemical Performance and DFT Calculation

Heterojunction semiconductor photocatalysis is an auspicious technique for clear up organic pollutants from water, and have been of valuable strategy in the area of photocatalysis. Herein, electrophoretic deposition procedure was used to prepare α-Bi2O3/CdS type-Ⅱ heterojunction photocatalysts. The results of PL, Raman, and EIS show that there is a heterojunction effect in α-Bi2O3/CdS, which is propitious to improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The DFT calculation reveals that the work function of CdS (4.57 eV) is higher than that of α-Bi2O3 (3.37 eV), which facilitates the migrating of e- from the CB of α-Bi2O3 to the CB of CdS, and the migrating of h+ from the VB of CdS to the VB of α-Bi2O3, thus the e--h+ pairs with high redox ability are retained. The performances were assessed by degrading methyl orange (MO), acid magenta under simulated visible light irradiation. Under simulated visible light irradiation, BC45 composite exhibited the highest degradation efficiency of 87% (MO) and 81% (acid fuchsin) for 4 h, which was about 2 times higher than that of CdS (MO) and (acid fuchsin). It is believed that the dual characteristics of H2O wettability and dye adsorption performance in α-Bi2O3/CdS composites promote photocatalytic process compared with single CdS and α-Bi2O3. The study could provide new insights to develop efficiently capable photocatalysts of the α-Bi2O3/CdS composites.

A simple polyacrylamide gel route for the synthesis of MgAl2O4 nanoparticles with different metal sources as an efficient adsorbent: Neural network algorithm simulation, equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies

• A polyacrylamide gel method have been used to synthesize the MgAl 2 O 4 nanoparticles. • An artificial neural network model of phase purity of MgAl 2 O 4 was constructed. • The microstructure and adsorption performance of MgAl 2 O 4 nanoparticles were compared. • An adsorption mechanism of MgAl 2 O 4 nanoparticles was proposed. The MgAl 2 O 4 nanoparticles with different particle sizes prepared by a polyacrylamide gel method with different metal salts as raw materials which was used to study its efficiency as an adsorbent for removal of Congo red, acid orange 7 and acid fuchsin from wastewater. It was difficult to obtain pure MgAl 2 O 4 nanoparticles with basic magnesium carbonate or aluminum acetate coupled with other metal salts. Based on the molecular weight, coordination number, ion radius and the number of water of crystallization for the metal salt and the phase purity of the target product, a neural network prediction model was established to predict the effect of synthesis parameters on the phase purity of MgAl 2 O 4 . The microstructure characterization confirmed that the minimum particle size of MgAl 2 O 4 nanoparticles prepared with aluminum nitrate and magnesium sulfate as metal salts was about 22 nm, and the maximum particle size of MgAl 2 O 4 nanoparticles prepared with aluminum nitrate and magnesium chloride as metal salts was about 50 nm. Adsorption experiments of MgAl 2 O 4 nanoparticles were performed as a function of process parameters: various dyes including Congo red, acid orange 7 and acid fuchsin, adsorption time, particles size, initial dye concentration, initial adsorbent concentration, pH value and reaction temperature. The thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption of MgAl 2 O 4 nanoparticles for removal of Congo red from wastewater is an exothermic and spontaneous process. The maximum adsorption capacity of 89.043 mg/g for the MgAl 2 O 4 nanoparticles was found at 1 g/L of initial adsorbent concentration, 100 mg/L of initial dye concentration, 6.9 of pH, and 299.8 K of temperature for removal of Congo red from wastewater. The adsorption of Congo red, acid orange 7 and acid fuchsin can be assigned to the synergistic effect of electrostatic interaction, pore filling and ion exchange. This present work provides a technical reference for the synthesis of other metal oxide nanoparticles using metal salts with different acid groups.

A new cotton functionalized with iron(III) trimer-like metal framework as an effective strategy for the adsorption of triarylmethane dye: An insight into the dye adsorption processes

A new Cotton@Fe-BTC composite formed by Fe-BTC (BTC-H3: trimesic acid) metal framework (Fe-BTC MOF loading as high 38 wt %) supported by cellulose fiber is synthesized in aqueous media using a simple and green preparation method, described for the first time in this manuscript. This new strategy relies on the synergetic effect of the pure cellulose and MOFs frameworks resulting in hybrid nanofibers of MOFs@cellulose composite. A complete characterization of the composite material reveals its structural similarity to MIL-100(Fe), a Fe-BTC material. The Cotton@Fe-BTC composite potential use as an eco-friendly and low-cost adsorbent was evaluated for its adsorptive performance for the removal of dye belonging to the triarylmethane dye family (Malachite Green (MQ), Brilliant Green (BG), Pararosaniline (PR), Basic Fuchsine (BF), Crystal Violet (CV), Methyl Green (Met-G), Victoria Blue B (VB), Acid Fuchsin (AF) and Aniline Blue (AB)) in aqueous solution. The fast kinetics and high dye removal efficiencies (>90%) obtained in aqueous solutions. The structure of Cotton@Fe-BTC network, contributed to the remarkable adsorption properties towards a variety of triphenylmethanedye. The interparticle studies showed two main steps in the dye adsorption processes, with the exception of AF and BG. The equilibrium adsorption capacities qe (mg/g) follow the order: AF (3.64)<Met-G (3.70)<AB (4.87)<PR (5.52)<BF (5.76)< Met-G (7.22)<CV (9.63)<BG (16.34). However, going insight the adsorption mechanisms, it was remarkable the finding that the reaction paths taking into account the influence of water molecules on the anionic dye adsorption, through the so-called solvation/desolvation penalty processes, may not be ignored. The easy preparation and manipulation of Cotton@Fe-BTC network as well as its stability and excellent performance for the adsorption makes this material a good candidate for a broad range of applications.

Adsorption of Acid Fuchsin and Its Effects on Anodic Dissolution of Copper and MNZh-5-1 Alloy in Neutral Aqueous Solution

Adsorption of Acid Fuchsin and Its Effects on Anodic Dissolution of Copper and MNZh-5-1 Alloy in Neutral Aqueous Solution

The Diversity and Ecology of Macromycetes on Soils of Adjara, Georgia

The publication is devoted to the study of the diversity of the species composition of macromycetes on different soils of Adjara, Georgia. The aim of the study was to identify and determine the composition of on different macroscopic fungi in different soils; establishment of the scale of development and spread of macromycetes in adverse and favorable conditions. Morphological features of collected fruiting bodies, such as shape, size, colour, odor, hymenophore and velum types, etc., were analysed. Spore slides were prepared in glycerin and fuchsin acid and observed under a light microscope. Some samples were isolated on a Malt agar medium, and macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of isolates were observed for precise identification. Identifications were done using relevant literature. At locations in the outdoor area and in the greenhouse, a total of 165 macrofungal species were recorded fruiting on soil, between them 35 species are considered edible, 14 poisonous, while 106 species are inedible Most of the species belong to the division Basidiomycota (151) and only 14 to the division Ascomycota. Identified species distributed in 5 Classes, 13 Orders, 36 families and 68 Genuse. The highest number of soil-inhabiting basidiomycetous macrofungal species was in the forest soil plot (116), followed by the Pasture soil (29). The on families with the highest number of species was Russulaceae (17%), Agaricaceae (15%), Boletaceae (12%), Cortinariaceae (9%) and Psathyrellaceae - 8%, The remaining 31 families-39%. Lactarius, Cortinarius, Russula, Amanita and et al., were the richest genus. All 6 substrates studied, it observed that the species that had a higher frequency were Agaricus subrufescens, Calvatia cyathiformis and Leucocoprinus cretaceus, occurring in soil, soil/litter and pasture. On the other hand, Agaricus campestris, A. rufoaurantiacus, Chlorophyllum hortense and Volvopluteus earlier among others, were collected only from two substrates (soil/and plant residue). The other genera (most of it) occurred in only one substrate. Peaks macromycetes was in May and October, when the average temperature remained between 22 - 26°C and relative humidity between 78% and 92%. The occurrence of macromycetes was higher in May, when the temperature was milder and stable on average 24°C. Found that Adjara support a large and diverse community of macrofungi fruiting on soil, many species of which are previously undiscovered and undescribed. On this basis, works of longer duration and more intensive sampling are needed to obtain data regarding fungal communities, with more attention to specific variables such as microclimate, soil moisture, soil type, soil pH and vegetation types.