Advanced battery technology plays key roles in pursuit of sustainable energy future by electrifying the transportation fleet and converting/storing the intermittent green energy source in grid scale. Among the candidates, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery has risen up as a particularly promising successor to the currently dominating lithium-ion batteries due to its intriguingly high energy density and cost effectiveness. However, the practical implementation of Li-S battery can be achievable only when several critical problems are well addressed, which involve the insulting nature of cathode materials, the unruly polysulfide shuttling behavior, low efficiency of metallic lithium redox reactions, etc. These bugbears have been haunting the Li-S system and obstructing its access to practically high capacity and long lifespan. Targeting at these problems, we have long been committed to pursuing high-efficiency Li-S electrochemistry with extensive research interests in multiple battery ingredients. Following the two strategic emphasis on conduction properties and sulfur confinement, a series of functional host materials with delicate nano-/micro-structures has been successfully developed to fulfill fast and durable sulfur electrochemistry, which enables high sulfur loading and minimum electrolyte with achievable energy density that meets the commercial benchmark. Beyond that, targeted surface functionalization has been dedicated on separator to regulate the diffusion behavior of polysulfide, while host strategy with rationally-designed architecture has been also employed in lithium anode to suppress the dendrite formation and enhance the redox reversibility. Through the multi-sectional improvements, we are aiming at the establishment of an interoperable mechanism at a system level to promote the fundamental understanding as well as the practical electrochemical performance of Li-S battery for future commercialization.