Acetone Extract Research Articles

Effect of Scoparia dulcis Extract on Lipid Oxidation in Fish Feed, Growth Performance, and Hypoxia Tolerance in Juvenile Jian Carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

Lipid oxidation and hypoxia can lead to oxidative damage in aquatic animals. This study explored the effects of Scoparia dulcis extracts (SDE) on lipid oxidation, fish growth performance, digestive ability, antioxidant capacity, and hypoxia tolerance ability. The results showed that SDE decreased malonaldehyde (MDA), conjugated diene (CD), and peroxide value (PO) in the linoleic acid and linolenic acid as well as in fish feed. Broken-line analysis revealed that the optimal acetone extract of S. dulcis (AE) supplements was 4.02, 4.01, and 4.01 g kg−1 determined from PO, CD, and MDA, respectively. Dietary AE supplementation increased feed intake and specific growth rate and activities of amylase, trypsin, and lipase as well as alkaline phosphatase in fish hepatopancreas and gut. Polynomial regression analysis showed that optimal dietary AE supplement was 3.61 g kg−1 diet determined from weight gain. Furthermore, dietary AE supplementation decreased MDA content and increased glutathione content and the activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase in fish digestive organs, gills, erythrocytes, and muscle. Dietary AE supplementation increased durative time (DT) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) under hypoxia condition. Based on polynomial regression analysis, optimal dietary AE supplements were 4.73 and 4.60 g kg−1 diet determined from DT and OCR for hypoxia tolerance in fish, respectively. According to our current research, SDE’s antioxidant capacity may be attribute to their phenolic chemicals.

Optimization of Extraction Solvents on the Antioxidant Properties of Coconut Waste

Cocos nucifera L. (family Arecaceae) commonly known as coconut is considered as an important fruit crop in tropical countries and are widely used for therapeutic and domestic purpose. They have effective properties such as antioxidant, antitumor, antiseptic and antimicrobial. The growing demand for green coconut water consumption and food industries cause the dumping of the shell and husk of this fruit, generating large amount of solid waste. This study utilized part of coconut waste to study the impacts of solvent type on the phenolic content. Six different polarities of solvent were chosen. Total phenolic content was performed using Folin-Ciocalteu assay and free radical scavenging activity with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazil (DPPH) method. Total phenolic content for coconut shell was the highest at 71.57 ± 0.275 mg GAE/g for propanol extract and 74.10 ± 0.741 mg GAE/g for acetone extract of coconut husk. The antioxidant activity of all sample extracts was analysed using DPPH assay. Highest radical scavenging activity of coconut husk was observed by propanol extract with 93.82 ± 0.052 % while the lowest scavenging activity was demonstrated by chloroform extract with percentage of 57.77 ± 2.255%. Acetone extract of the shell exhibited the highest scavenging activity of 91.23 ± 0.073%, while chloroform extract of coconut shell demonstrated the lowest antioxidant activity of 70.627 ± 0.467%.

Antioxidant potential of three different Sea weeds from Visakhapatnam Coast, India

In the present study the antioxidant potential of three seaweeds Gracileria corticata (red algae), Ulva lactuca (green algae) and Sargassum ilicifolum (brown algae) were reported. SDS-PAGE analysis reveals that total of 23 different protein bands were observed of this 16, 14 and 17 bands in U. lactuca, S. ilicifolium and G. Corticata respectively. The chloroform, acetone and methanolic extracts of three algae showed the concentration dependent DPPH, FRAP, reducing power, H2O2 radical scavenging and metal chelating activities. The methanolic extracts of G. corticata have high levels of antioxidants with high DPPH, FRAP, reducing power activities and S. ilicifolum have high H2O2 radical scavenging, and metal chelating activities.G. corticata showed IC50 value for 902.09µg/ml for DPPH activity, 2274µg/ml for FRAP activity, 1082.11µg/ml for H2O2 radical scavenging. Among the three solvents tested, Methanol was found to be the most suitable solvent for the extraction of compounds.

Evaluation of Biological Activities of Various Extracts of Glaucium alakirensis, Marrubium bourgaei, and Peucedanum alpinum from Türkiye

Plant species contain many secondary metabolites, and these compounds differ from species to species. These differences in the concentrations of these compounds have many health implications. Today, studies on plants' antioxidant and antibacterial effects are gaining importance. In particular, the adverse effects of some existing antibiotics and the constant development of bacterial resistance are leading to the search for new natural antimicrobial agents. In this study, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, and chloroform extracts were obtained from the aerial parts of Marrubium bourgaei Boiss and Glaucium alakirensis Aykurt, K.Yıldız & A.Özçandır, and Peucedanum alpinum B.L.Burtt & Davis, species which are naturally distributed in Türkiye. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by the DPPH (2,2 Difenil-1-pikrihidrazil) and ABTS (2,2' azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic-acid)) methods, the total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu method, the total flavonoid content by aluminium chloride colorimetric method, and the antibacterial activity against ten bacteria by the disc diffusion method. According to the results, methanol, ethanol, and acetone extracts had higher antioxidant activity, total phenolic, and total flavonoid contents than other extracts. However, the total flavonoid content of M. bourgaei was higher in the ethyl acetate extract. When evaluated for their antibacterial activity, ethanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate in P. alpinum, chloroform in M. bourgaei, and methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate in G. alakirensis extracts showed antibacterial activity against more bacteria than others. This is the first study to evaluate and compare the total phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of 5 different extracts of these plants.

Eremostachys laevigata Bunge responses to different extraction solvents and methods: physiological, biochemical, and antibacterial attributes

This study examined the biochemical composition of Eremostachys laevigata Bunge's aerial and underground organs using various solvents (methanol, water, N-hexane, chloroform, and acetone) and their impact on antibacterial activity against eight bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella dysenteriae, Proteus mirabilis, and Bacillus cereus). Soxhlet and maceration extraction methods were used, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using the tube dilution method. The study found that N-Hexane and water solvents had the highest total phenol content, while methanol, acetone, and chloroform had the lowest. Additionally, N-Hexane and methanol solvents showed the highest and lowest flavonoid content, respectively. The methanol extract from underground organs using the Soxhlet method exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity, whereas the acetone extract showed the weakest antimicrobial effect. Staphylococcus aureus displayed both the MIC and MBC, and Salmonella enterica showed the highest susceptibility to the well diffusion method, while both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were highly susceptible to the disk diffusion method. The underground organs contained 6.87 mg.g-1 of phenolic compounds and 0.19 mg.g-1 of flavonoids. Two iridoid glycosides, pholoyoside and sesamoside, were separated from the methanol extract of the underground organs using reversed-phase HPLC. The research highlights E. laevigata Bunge's potential as a natural reservoir of antimicrobial compounds, with phenolic and flavonoid compounds, along with iridoid glycosides, presumed to contribute to its antibacterial properties.

Phytochemicals, antioxidant ability and in vitro anthelmintic activity of crude extracts from Vitexnegundo leaves against Haemonchus contortus.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic effect of crude aqueous, methanol, ethanol, hydro alcohol and acetone extracts of Vitex negundo leaves against Haemonchus contortus eggs and larvae. Phytochemical analysis to identify the number of compounds in extracts was done by chemical tests and gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrophotometer detector (GC-MS). First off all the effectiveness of dried plant materials was evaluated on larval development by mixing powdered material (no nano particles) to faecal cultures from donor sheep. Adding powder to the faecal culture resulted into 100% inhibition in larval development at 200 and 300mg/g of faeces. The anthelmintic activity was assessed using the egg hatch assay (EHA) and the larval mortality assay (LMA). Comparison of mean inhibition percentage of egg embryonation, mean inhibition percentage of egg hatching and mean percentage of larval mortality at different concentrations with control was performed by one-way ANOVA. The means were compared for statistical significance using DMRT at P < 0.05. For both the assays, 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and lethal concentration (LC50) were calculated by probit analysis. Chemical test revealed presence of high concentration of saponin and flavoinoids and moderate concentration of total phenols in leaves. The antioxidant activity (radical scavenging activity, RSA %) measured was 35.47%. On GC-MS, the methanolic leaves extract revealed 30 phyto-compounds. On EHA, there was marked effect on inhibition of egg hatching by aqueous, hydro alcohol and acetone extracts. On LMA all the five extracts showed excellent larvicidal activity. V. negundo leaves methanol extract mediated silver nanoparticles were found very effective at much lower concentrations as compared to crude methanol extract. The results indicated that the V. negundo leaves crude extracts possessed excellent in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal properties against H. contortus which needs more investigation, especially in vivo trials for the control of parasite.

Antibacterial and Antioxidant Compounds from the Root Extract of Aloe debrana.

This study was conducted to isolate and identify the chemical compounds from the roots of Aloe debrana (L.) and evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. From the acetone (99.5%) extract of the roots of this plant, four anthraquinones, such as chrysophanol (1), asphodeline (2), aloesaponarin I (5), and laccaic acid D-methyl ester (6), and a new catechol derivative, 5-allyl-3-methoxybenzene-1,2-diol (3), were isolated and elucidated by different chromatographic and spectroscopic methods together with linoleic acid (4), respectively. Compounds 2, 3, and 4 were reported here for the first time from this plant and compound 3 from the genus Aloe. The compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using H2O2 and DPPH assays and bactericidal activity against S. aureus and E. coli. Compounds 3 and 6 showed highest antioxidant activities with IC50 values of 19.38 ± 0.64 and 32.81 ± 0.78 μg/mL in DPPH, and 28.52 ± 1.08 and 27.31 ± 1.46 μg/mL in H2O2, respectively. The isolated compounds also demonstrated considerable activity towards S. aureus. Among these compounds, compound 3 exhibited the highest activity (91.20 ± 0.12% and 9.14 ± 0.93 mm at 1.0 mg/mL) against this bacterium. The overall results suggest that the isolated compounds may be considered as potential sources of the bioactive agents to be used in the pharmacological, food, and other industries. Moreover, their high sensitivity against S. aureus may also support the use of A. debrana plant in the traditional medicine to treat wounds. Therefore, the isolated compounds are responsible for medicinal properties of this plant.

Study of Antibacterial Activity of Cistus salviifolius L. extracts (Cistaceae) against Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Erwiniacarotovora, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

The objective of this study was to assess antibacterial activity in vitro of crude extracts from leaves of Cistus salviifolius on pathogenic bacteria. Screening of antibacterial activity of ethanol, methanol, distilled water and acetone extracts with three concentrations of each one (5, 10 and 15)g/100ml of Cistus salviifoliusleaves were estimated against four types of pathogenic bacteria (Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Erwinia carotovora, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) were investigatedafter incubation at 37°C for 24hrs by using Well Diffuion Method employing 100µL of each sample. The antibacterial activity is determined from the evaluation of the zone of inhibition. Antibaterial activity of all extracts was compared with that for a six of antibiotics by using antibiograme test. All extracts of Cistus salviifolius showed clear antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria, which this activity wasenhanced with the increasing of concentrations belongs to them. The latest concentration 15g/100ml of all extracts gave highest activity againsttested strains. In this research three replications were done. In this study, it was found that ethanol extract of Cistus salviifolius showed the highest inhibition zone against Agrobacterium tumefaciens with 27.35 mm diameter at concentration 15g/100ml. The effect of Ciprofloxacin CIP 5µg against Agrobacterium tumefacienswas better than the effect of Nitrofurantion F 300µg and Gentamicin CN 10µg. A resist of pathogenic bacteria to Oxacillin OX 1µg and Cefoxitin FOX 30µg was noticed. Fusidic Acid FD 10µg only effected on Erwinia carotovora with inhibition zone (15.16 mm).

Multimodal non-invasive probing of stress-induced carotenogenesis in the cells of microalga Bracteacoccus aggregatus.

Microalgae are the richest source of natural carotenoids-accessory photosynthetic pigments used as natural antioxidants, safe colorants, and nutraceuticals. Microalga Bracteacoccus aggregatus IPPAS C-2045 responds to stresses, including high light, with carotenogenesis-gross accumulation of secondary carotenoids (the carotenoids structurally and energetically uncoupled from photosynthesis). Precise mechanisms of cytoplasmic transport and subcellular distribution of the secondary carotenoids under stress are still unknown. Using multimodal imaging combining micro-Raman imaging (MRI), fluorescent lifetime (τ) imaging (FLIM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we monitored ultrastructural and biochemical rearrangements of B. aggregatus cells during the stress-induced carotenogenesis. MRI revealed a decline in the diversity of molecular surrounding of the carotenoids in the cells compatible with the relocation of the bulk of the carotenoids in the cell from functionally and structurally heterogeneous photosynthetic apparatus to the more homogenous lipid matrix of the oleosomes. Two-photon FLIM highlighted the pigment transformation in the cell during the stress-induced carotenogenesis. The structures co-localized with the carotenoids with shorter τ (mainly chloroplast) shrunk, whereas the structures harboring secondary carotenoids with longer τ (mainly oleosomes) expanded. These changes were in line with the ultrastructural data (TEM). Fluorescence of B. aggregatus carotenoids, either in situ or in acetone extracts, possessed a surprisingly long lifetime. We hypothesize that the extension of τ of the carotenoids is due to their aggregation and/or association with lipids and proteins. The propagation of the carotenoids with prolonged τ is considered to be a manifestation of the secondary carotenogenesis suitable for its non-invasive monitoring with multimodal imaging.

Bioactive compounds, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Attributes of Cordia Sinensis Lam

The aim of this study is to discover the efficacy of various parts of Cordia sinensis plant against some particular pathogens that are recognized to cause diseases and to check antioxidant and bioactive compounds from different parts of plant C. sinensis. Plant extracts were examined by quantification of phytochemical compounds and antimicrobial activity. Phytochemicals and several secondary metabolites were quantified and also qualitatively analyzed in C. sinensis extracts such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, glycosides, and saponins. Similarly, biochemical primary metabolites like protein, total sugar, and reducing sugar were also estimated in different parts of C. sinensis and these results correlated with antimicrobial activity. This study reveals that acetone extracts of stems, leaves, and roots of the C. sinensis showed excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia and also against fungal species Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, and Penicillium notatum.

Commiphora gileadenesis Extracts Reduce Blood Glucose Levels, HbA1c, Lipid Profile, and CD4+ and CD8+ Subsets in Type 1 Diabetic Mice

Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem that affects the general population. Commiphora gileadensis ( C gileadensis) is a small tree that grows in the Middle East. Objective: This study explored the effect of C gileadensis on blood glucose levels, lipid profile, and T lymphocytes subsets using flow cytometry. Methodology: Forty male mice were classified into four groups: negative control; diabetic nontreated; and two groups of diabetic mice treated with C gileadensis sap and acetone extract. The blood glucose levels, lipid profile, and HbA1c were estimated for each mouse in the four groups. Moreover, total lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD25+ subsets were estimated for all groups. Results: The blood glucose levels, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and HbA1c were significantly reduced in mice treated with C gileadensis sap and acetone extract compared with the diabetic group. Total lymphocyte and CD3+ were reduced in diabetic mice treated with C gileadensis sap and acetone extract compared with the untreated diabetic group ( P &lt; .05). In addition, CD4+ and CD8+ subsets were decreased in the same groups compared with the untreated one ( P &lt; .05). CD4+ CD25+ cells were decreased in all diabetic groups compared with the control group ( P &lt; .05). CD8+ CD25+ were increased in diabetic groups treated with C gileadensis sap and acetone extract compared with the untreated diabetic group ( P &lt; .05). Conclusion: The present study concludes that C gileadensis sap and acetone extracts reduce the blood glucose, HbA1c, and lipid profile in diabetic mice. Moreover, this herb has anti-inflammatory properties that may help in the normalization of glycemic index and prevent T1DM progression.

Evaluation of Antibacterial activity of Ethyl acetate and Acetone extracts of Terminalia chebula

Terminalia chebula is one of the promising plants well known for its broad spectrum of therapeutic values in treating various threatful diseases and disorders. T. Chebula still stands tall as the primary medication for many common health disorders due to its ability to treat many clinical pathogens effectively even today. In the present study, ethyl acetate and acetone extracts of Terminalia chebula fruit were studied for their antibacterial activity against a few clinical isolates like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Salmonella typhi. Antibacterial susceptibility was screened using the well diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the Strip dip method developed as a part of this study. Positive results were observed in both the extracts of T. chebula fruits but comparatively ethyl acetate extracts showed more effective reports than the acetone extract. The highest growth inhibition with 98.77% and 98.59 % is observed by ethyl acetate extract whereas 94.25% and 91.08% were observed in acetone extract of T. chebula fruits against E. coli and K. pneumonia respectively. Further, S. aureus and S. typhi showed 87.69% and 74.40% growth inhibition with ethyl acetate extract whereas 85.89 % and 66.60% growth inhibition in acetone extract respectively at 4mg concentration. The results show that T. chebula is still importing promising results against many deadly microbes and can be an effective medicine for many upcoming pathogens.

Antimicrobial Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Qualitative Phytochemistry of Leaf, stem bark, and root bark extracts from Prunus africana (Hook. F.) Kalkman

The rise of resistant strains poses a significant public health risk, particularly, in sub-Saharan Africa, where over 50% of global infectious disease-associated deaths occur, highlighting the urgent need for novel, safe, affordable, and accessible antimicrobials. Accordingly, we investigated the antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, and qualitative phytochemistry of the aqueous, hydroethanolic, and acetonic leaf, stem bark, and root bark extracts of Prunus africana (Hook. F.) Kalkman, based on its ethnomedicinal information. The results showed the aqueous root bark and aqueous/acetonic stem bark extracts demonstrated significant (p&lt;0.05) antimicrobial efficacy against S. aureus at 800 µg/ml, outperforming other extracts and the reference antibiotic. Growth inhibition zones for most extracts on S. aureus showed a concentration-dependent increase, though not significantly (p&gt;0.05) different. The acetonic root bark extract, particularly at 800 µg/ml, exhibited superior inhibitory effects against B. cereus compared to other extracts (p&lt;0.05), although the positive control antibiotic significantly (p&lt;0.05) outperformed all plant extracts. Notably, none of the studied extracts affected P. aeruginosa and E. coli, while varying effects were observed against C. albicans. Further we observed that the hydroethanolic and aqueous stem bark extracts' exceptionally low Minimum Inhibitory and Bactericidal Concentrations (MICs and MBCs) against S. aureus (3.125 µg/ml). Conversely, the acetonic leaf extract showed higher MIC and MBC values against S. aureus (100 µg/ml). Cytotoxicity assessments using brine shrimp nauplii revealed the percentage mortalities caused by Vincristine and aqueous root/stem bark extracts at 1000 µg/ml, were significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher than those caused by other extracts (Median lethal concentrations (LC50) of 513 µg/ml to 24327.82 µg/ml). Qualitative phytochemistry identified alkaloids in root bark and stem bark extracts, flavonoids, phenols, quinones, steroids, and terpenoids across all samples, with saponins in acetonic root bark and all three leaf extracts, and glycosides in acetonic stem bark, hydroethanolic root bark, and acetonic leaf extracts. These findings highlight the diverse antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of P. africana extracts, suggesting potential therapeutic applications and emphasise the need for further exploration.

Phytochemical screening, antioxidant properties, and photo-protective activities ofSalvia balansaede Noé ex Coss

AbstractThe present study evaluated the potential ofSalvia balansaefrom the Aures Mountains as a source of natural bioactive compounds. Leaves, flowers, and stems were extracted separately using methanol, ethanol, and acetone. Phenolic compounds were quantified colorimetrically and identified using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Antioxidant capacity was assessed using six differentin vitroassays, 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, ferrous ion chelating, and phenanthroline assay, while the photo-protective capacity was evaluated using the sun protective factor. The methanolic flower extracts revealed the highest O-diphenol and phenolic levels (287.9 ± 0.50 and 147.87 ± 0.21 µg GAE/mg, respectively), whereas the acetonic and ethanolic leaf extracts contained the highest flavonoid (72.17 ± 0.12 μg QE/mg) and flavonol (35.28 ± 0.05 μg QE/mg) levels, respectively. LC-MS was used to identify 18 phenolics, including quinic acid (5.051–69.69 ppm), luteolin-7-o-glucoside (7.802–44.917 ppm), apigenin-7-o-glucoside (3.751–68.507 ppm), and cirsiliol (2.081–15.608 ppm), distinguishing this Aures taxon. Principal component analysis and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean revealed variability in phytochemicals, antioxidant properties, and photo-protective activity influenced by biological activities and the compound content. Overall,S. balansaedemonstrated promising photo-protective capacity, the presence of key bioactive compounds, and wide-ranging antioxidant potential, presenting this endemic plant as a valuable source of natural antioxidants and photo-protective agents with pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.

A comprehensive study on Geranium robertianum L. antibacterial potential.

The research aimed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of secondary metabolites and the antibacterial activity of the plant species Geranium robertianum. The phytochemical profiles of the optimized extracts, as well as their antibacterial and synergistic activity with an antibiotic and their potential mechanisms of action and cytotoxicity, were examined. Response Surface Methodology was used to optimize extraction conditions. Optimized ethanol and acetone extracts were tested via microdilution, checkerboard, time-kill kinetics, and cell membrane permeability methods. The extracts displayed broad antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 1.25 to 20mg ml-1. In addition, the extract synergistically reacted with gentamicin against gentamicin-resistant strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, enhancing the efficacy of the antibiotic up to 32-fold. The extracts demonstrated strain-dependent bactericidal activity in a 24-h time interval. They increase the permeability of the cell membrane, thus disrupting its normal functioning. The cytotoxic concentration (CC50) on human keratinocytes was 1771.24±5.78µg ml-1 for ethanol extract, and 958.01±6.14µg ml-1 for acetone extract. Kaempferol, ellagic acid, quercetin, and rutin were recognized as the main components in both extracts. The findings of this study indicate that the extracts of G. robertianum can be considered as potential natural antibacterial agents in the control of microorganisms.

Inshights on antifungal potential of Bryum Argenteum in association with therapeutical clay smectite and silver nanoparticles

This work presents the development of a novel antifungal ternary approach that is eco-friendly, biocompatible, and cost-effective. It consists of Bryum argenteum extract, silver nanoparticles, and healing clay smectite. The research focuses on the green production of silver nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of Bryum argenteum as a stabilizing and reducing agent, as well as the synthesis of clay dispersion and plant extract. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR, SEM, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and XRD. Using a standard phytochemical screening procedure, the aqueous, ethanolic, and acetonic extracts of Bryum argenteum were subjected to phytochemical screening. Silver nanoparticles and plant extract were evaluated for their antioxidant properties using DPPH scavenging activity at 517 nm. Using the agar well diffusion method, a number of investigations have been conducted on the antifungal potential of the proposed innovative ternary approach against Rhizopus oryzae (R. oryzae) and Aspergillus Niger (A. Niger). The color shift validated the silver nanoparticle generation, and the maximum absorbance at 432.11 nm was observed employing UV–Vis spectroscopy. Several functional groups responsible for the synthesis of AgNPs were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The particles are spherical in shape, with the range of 10 nm to 50 nm in size. Both ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Bryum argenteum contain sterols, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, and terpenoids. AgNPs have stronger antioxidant activity in comparison to the aqueous extract of Bryum argenteum. Out of all the individual components, AgNPs demonstrated the strongest antifungal activity, with clay and plant extract coming in second and third, respectively. Additionally, their binary composition exhibits a synergistic effect with each combination. However, the ternary combination consisting of smectite clay, Bryum argenteum mediated silver nanoparticles, and Bryum argenteum extract showed exceptional antifungal efficiency against the mentioned fungus species. In respect to the zone of inhibition, the maximal antifungal activity was correlated with concentration and pH. ConclusionIt is concluded here that the proposed ternary system has significant antifungal potential. Future technological and medicinal studies will find this new ternary system to be an invaluable tool.

Phytometabolome of Psidium guajava inhibits biofilm formation of Escherichia coli and augmented acute wound repair

Psidium guajava is an equatorial fern tree and nutritive plant with medicinal properties including antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory activities, etc., In the present study, the untargeted phytometabolome of ethyl acetate and acetone extracts of P. guajava showed 107 compounds were identified using UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MSE analysis and assessed for anti-biofilm activity using various assays. The results clearly indicated that the ethyl acetate and acetone extracts significantly inhibit the growth and obliterate the metabolic activity of E. coli. The confocal laser scanning microscope (CSLM) analysis also confirmed the biofilm inhibitory activity of extracts against E. coli. Further, the ethyl acetate and acetone extracts displayed significant wound healing activity in BALB/c mice than the control treatment. The Doppler imaging analysis depicted that the extracts increase the blood circulation towards the wound to accelerate wound repair. Together, the UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE analysis clearly showed the metabolomics profiling of P. guajava and these metabolomes could be responsible for their potential biofilm obliterating and augmenting acute wound repair.

GC-MS analysis and anti-oxidant activity of bioactive compounds of Simarouba glauca leaf extracts

The aim of this study is to analyse the phytochemical composition, anti-oxidant activity, FT-IR and GC-MS analysis of Simarouba glauca leaf extracts. The chloroform extract exhibited highest T.P.C. (139.82 ± 0.06 mg/g GAE) and highest T.F.C. (41.95 ± 0.50 mg/g QE). The GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of ten compounds in acetone extract and twenty-two compounds in methanol extract. The GC-MS analysis of acetone fraction showed the major peaks such as Glycerine (13.20%), 1,1,1-trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol (8.92%), Cyclohexanol,2-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)- (6.09%), Tetradecane, 2,6,10-trimethyl (7.68%) and Phytol (7.53%). Some of these compounds exhibit anti-oxidant activities. GC-MS analysis of methanol fraction exhibited the presence of following compounds: Undecane (8.52%), 2,3-Trimethylene-4-pyrone (1.79%), cis-Sinapyl alcohol (2.33%) and Umckalin (1.19%). The acetone and methanol fractions exhibited higher percentage of inhibition in DPPH assay. The overall results of this study indicate that the acetone and methanol fractions have been demonstrated to be efficacious against various diseases.

Phytochemical profiling and GC-MS analysis of methanolic leaf extract of Persicaria hydropiper (L.) H. Gross: An important ethnomedicinal plant

Medicinal plants are the best source of alternative medicine and are acquiring recognition in the area of pharmacological research for the production of plant-based medicines with improved efficacy. Persicaria hydropiper (L.) H-Gross is known worldwide for its use in traditional medicine systems. It possesses numerous therapeutic properties. The present endeavor was taken up to analyze the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity by DPPH assay of various extracts of Persicaria hydropiper leaves. The preliminary phytochemical screening of acetone, methanol, and aqueous extract of P. hydropiper leaves showed the presence of important phytochemicals such as phenols, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The quantitative estimation revealed elevated amounts of total phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and total alkaloid content. The antioxidant activity also revealed higher radical scavenging activity by the extracts. The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry assay of methanol extract of P. hydropiper leaves detected and identified altogether 54 phytocompounds including 7 major compounds displaying higher peaks such as Andrographolide, 1H-cyclopropa[a] naphthalene, 1a,2,3,5.6,7a7b-octahydro-1,1,7,7a-tetramethyl-[1aR-(1a?,7?,7a?,7b?)-, Cis-Z alpha bisabolene epoxide, 1,8-cyclopentadecadiyne, Aromadendrene oxide (2), Bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-3-cyclopropyl 7-hydroxymethyl, (cis) and Alpha-guanine. The concentration of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins revealed in the phytochemical profiling of three extracts might be responsible for the strong antioxidant activity of the extracts and the bioactive compounds identified in the GC-MS investigation exhibit important therapeutic properties required for the treatment of various human diseases. Thus, the medicinal use and properties of Persicaria hydropiper may be attributed to the presence of these phytochemical constituents. Further study of the compounds may provide scope for the production of novel drugs with increased efficacy and potency with the ability to cure harmful human diseases.

Argemone ochroleuca Phytochemicals and Allelopathic Effect of Their Extracts on Germination of Soybean

Soybean is a high-value food source, and the invasive weeds Mexican prickly poppy (Argemone ochroleuca) could release allelochemicals that inhibit the growth of this crop. The impact of A. ochroleuca on the germination and growth of soybean is not well documented. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the TLC profiles of different extracts of A. ochroleuca and assess the effects of extracts on the germination of soybean seeds. Shoots and roots of A. ochroleuca were weighed and 100 g of each was separately extracted with 1000 mL deionized water, hexane or acetone. Ten concentrations of water extracts ranging from 10 to 100 mL per 100 mL of deionized water and three concentrations of acetone and hexane extracts ranging from 2.5 to 7.5 g/L were separately used for seed germination bioassays. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis was used to compare the chemical profiles in the shoot and root water, and in the hexane and acetone extracts of A. ochroleuca. The highest reduction was recorded from the water extract, at 100%. The TLC profiling of A. ochroleuca addressed different classes of compounds, including alkaloids, phenolic acids and flavanoids. There is, however, a need to identify the most active phytochemicals in the suppression of germination.