Acer Tegmentosum Maxim Research Articles

Exploring the potential mechanisms of Acer tegmentosum Maxim in preventing alcoholic liver disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

To investigate the potential mechanisms of Acer tegmentosum Maxim (AT) in preventing Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), this study used network pharmacology and molecular docking methods to screen the main active ingredients of AT for preventing core target proteins related to ALD, conducted GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and performed molecular docking and visualisation. The results showed that AT’s top five active components were kaempferol-3-rhamnoside, salidroside, linoleic acid, ethyl linoleate, and tyrosol. The top five core target proteins for preventing ALD with AT were SRC, AKT1, STAT3, MAPK1, and ESR1. Gene enrichment analysis indicated that AT may inhibit the occurrence of ALD by improving inflammation and cancer pathways, and the core components of AT were well combined with critical targets, further elucidated the preventive mechanism of ALD through multiple components, targets, and pathways. It can provide a new idea for studying the mechanism of AT active ingredients to prevent ALD.

Acer tegmentosum Maxim and Bacillus subtilis-fermented products inhibit TNF-α-induced endothelial inflammation and vascular dysfunction of the retina: the role of tyrosol moiety in active compounds targeting Glu230 in SIRT1.

Acer tegmentosum Maxim (AT) is a medicinal plant used to treat hepatic, neurological diseases, and cancer. However, the beneficial effects of AT on endothelial dysfunction have not been reported yet. In this study, we evaluated the effects of AT and the main compounds against TNF-α-mediated inflammatory responses and their possible mechanism of action. The anti-inflammatory effect and its molecular mechanism were analyzed by adhesion assay, immunoblotting, promoter-luciferase assay, ELISA, RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, immunoprecipitation, siRNA gene knockdown, docking, and molecular dynamics simulation. AT and its compounds salidroside and tyrosol reduced TNF-α-induced adhesion between monocytes and endothelial cells. Fermentation of AT with Bacillus subtilis converted salidroside to tyrosol, which is salidroside's aglycone. The fermented AT product (ATF) potently inhibited TNF-α-mediated monocyte adhesion with higher potency than AT. AT or ATF abrogated TNF-α-induced expression of adhesion molecules (VCAM-1 and ICAM-1) and production of MCP-1 with the inhibition of phosphorylated MAP kinases. TNF-α-mediated NF-κB transactivation and RelA/p65 acetylation were suppressed by AT and ATF through the interaction of NF-κB with sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), an NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase. Sirt1 gene knockdown diminished the protective effects of AT and ATF against TNF-α-mediated signaling and inflammatory response. Interestingly, SIRT1 protein expression was significantly increased by ATF and tyrosol rather than by AT and salidroside, respectively. Molecular docking showed that the tyrosol moiety is critical for the interaction with Glu230 of SIRT1 (PDB ID: 4ZZH and 4ZZJ) for the deacetylase activity. Molecular dynamics revealed that tyrosol can induce the movement of the N-terminal domain toward the catalytic domain of SIRT1. This study demonstrates the potential of AT and ATF to prevent endothelial inflammation and vascular dysfunction of the retina by the MAPK/NF-κB/SIRT1 signaling pathways and targeting of the tyrosol moiety to Glu230 in SIRT1.

Chemical constituents of Acer tegmentosum Maxim and their chemotaxonomic significance

A phytochemical study of Acer tegmentosum Maxim (the dried stem bark of Acer tegmentosum Maxim) led to the isolation of 28 compounds, including thirteen phenols, five coumarins, four benzoate esters, three tetracyclic triterpenoids, one carbohydrate, one hydrocarbon and one lignan. The structures of these isolated compounds were identified using NMR spectroscopy (1H and 13C) by comparison with previously reported data. To the best of our knowledge, salidroside, 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl β-d-galactopyranoside, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, 3,3´,4,4´-tetrahydroxybiphenyl, (4-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid, daphnetin, 5,6,7-trimethoxycoumarin, 1,2-bis(2-methylheptyl) 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate, 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, periplocoside N and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol were reported from this plant for the first time. Chemotaxonomic significance was discussed.

Therapeutic Effect of Acer tegmentosum Maxim Twig Extract in Bile Duct Ligation-Induced Acute Cholestasis in Mice.

Cholestatic liver disease, or cholestasis, is a condition characterized by liver inflammation and fibrosis following a bile duct obstruction and an intrahepatic accumulation of bile acids. Inhibiting inflammation is a promising therapeutic strategy for cholestatic liver diseases. Acer tegmentosum Maxim extract (ATE) is best known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of ATE on liver injury and fibrosis in mice with bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced cholestasis through analysis of gene expression, cytokines, and histological examination. Oral administration of ATE (20 or 50 mg/kg) for 14 days significantly attenuated hepatocellular necrosis compared to vehicle-treated BDL mice, which was accompanied by the reduced level of serum bile acids and bilirubin. We determined that ATE treatment reduced liver inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. These beneficial effects of ATE were concurrent with the decreased expression of genes involved in the NF-κB pathway, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effect of ATE could be a possible mechanism against cholestasis-associated liver injury. Our findings substantiate ATE's role as an alternative therapeutic agent for cholestasis-induced liver injury and fibrosis.

Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities of Aqueous and Ethanolic Bark Extracts of Acer Tegmentosum Maxim (Aceaceae) on Tumor Cell Lines

The medicinal plant of Acer tegmentosum Maxim is traditionally used in the southern part of Asia to treat oxidative stress-related diseases, including cancer, diabetes mellitus , wounds, infections, etc. Based on this, the cu... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Tech Science Press

Acer tegmentosum Maxim Inhibits Adipogenesis in 3t3-l1 Adipocytes and Attenuates Lipid Accumulation in Obese Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet.

We investigated the effect of Acer tegmentosum Maxim (ATM) on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells and anti-obesity properties in obese rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Cellular lipid content in DMI (dexamethasone, 3–isobutyl–1–methylxanthine, and insulin mixture)-treated cells increased, while ATM treatment caused a significant reduction in lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. ATM (60 ug/mL) caused inhibition of adipogenesis via down-regulation of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) (48%), C/EBPα (66%), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) (64%) expressions in 3T3-L1 cells. Moreover, ATM induced a decrease in the expressions of adipocyte-specific genes, such as adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein-2 (aP2), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Protein kinase B (Akt) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation was also decreased by ATM treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We investigated the anti-obesity effects of ATM on HFD-induced obese rats. Rats fed with an HFD demonstrated elevations in body weight gain, while the administration of ATM reversed body weight (BW) gains and adipose tissue weights in rats fed an HFD. ATM supplementation caused a decrease in the circulating triglyceride and total cholesterol levels and led to inhibition of lipid accumulation in the adipose tissues in HFD-induced obese rats. Epididymal fat exhibited significantly larger adipocytes in the HFD group than it did in the ATM-treated group. These results demonstrate that ATM administration caused a reduction in adiposity via attenuation in adipose tissue mass and adipocyte size.

Acer tegmentosum Maxim Prevents Bone Loss by Inhibiting Osteoclastogenesis and Promoting Osteoblast Mineralization in Ovariectomized Mice

Acer tegmentosum Maxim Prevents Bone Loss by Inhibiting Osteoclastogenesis and Promoting Osteoblast Mineralization in Ovariectomized Mice

Complete chloroplast genome of Acer tegmentosum and phylogenetic analysis

The aim of the present study was to sequence and analyze the complete plastid genome (i.e. plastome) of Acer tegmentosum Maxim. The plastome of A. tegmentosum was 156,435 bp in length and included both large (86,265 bp) and small (18,102 bp) single-copy regions, which were separated by a pair of identical inverted repeats (26,034 bp). The plastome contained 77 unique protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. In addition, the gene order and organization of the A. tegmentosum plastome were consistent with those of plastomes from other members of the Sapindaceae, and the overall GC content of the plastome was 37.8%. A phylogenetic tree that was based on 76 protein-coding genes demonstrated a sister relationship within genus Acer.

Hepatoprotective effects of an Acer tegmentosum Maxim extract through antioxidant activity and the regulation of autophagy

Ethnopharmacological relevanceAcer tegmentosum Maxim (AT), the East Asian stripe maple, is an herb used to treat liver disease and is approved as a functional food in Korea. AT protects against hepatic disorders, atopic dermatitis, and diabetes mellitus. Aim of the studyWe explored the mechanism of the hepatoprotective effects of AT extract in in vitro and in vivo levels. Materials and methodsAT extract from Acer tegmentosum Maxim was extracted by hot water. Hepatoprotective effects of AT extract were confirmed using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)- or alcohol-induced mouse model, and H2O2- or alcohol-induced HepG2 (liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line) cells by measuring GOT, GPT, TG, and MDA levels. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to observe the pathological analysis. Cytotoxicity or protective effect of AT extract was confirmed using MTT assay in HepG2 cells. Antioxidant effect of AT extract was measured using DPPH or H2DCFDA assay. Mechanism study of antioxidant and autophagy was carried out using western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. ResultsAT extract increased the viability of HepG2 cells treated with H2O2 and ethanol, and protected the liver against damage induced by CCl4 and alcohol. The AT extract increased the levels of nuclear respiratory factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The level of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-Ⅱ, beclin-1, autophagy-related genes (Atg) such as Atg3 and Atg12-5 as markers of autophagy activation was also increased. Moreover, the AT extract increased activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which regulated autophagy and HO-1. ConclusionTherefore, these results indicate that the AT extract has a hepatoprotective effect by increasing antioxidant activity and inducing autophagy.

Isoamericanoic Acid B from Acer tegmentosum as a Potential Phytoestrogen.

Phytoestrogens derived from plants have attracted the attention of the general public and the medical community due to their potentially beneficial role in relieving menopausal symptoms. The deciduous tree Acer tegmentosum Maxim (Aceraceae) has long been utilized in Korean folk medicine to alleviate many physiological disorders, including abscesses, surgical bleeding, and liver diseases. In order to explore structurally and/or biologically new constituents from Korean medicinal plants, a comprehensive phytochemical study was carried out on the bark of A. tegmentosum. One new phenolic compound with a 1,4-benzodioxane scaffold, isoamericanoic acid B (1), as well as with nine known phenolic compounds (2–10), were successfully isolated from the aqueous extracts of the bark of A. tegmentosum. A detailed analysis using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectral data, and LC/MS afforded the unambiguous structural determination of all isolated compounds, including the new compound 1. In addition, compounds 2, 4, 5, and 9 were isolated and identified from the bark of A. tegmentosum for the first time. All isolated compounds were tested for their estrogenic activities using an MCF-7 BUS cell proliferation assay, which revealed that compounds 1, 2, and 10 showed moderate estrogenic activity. To study the mechanism of this estrogenic effect, a docking simulation of compound 1, which showed the best estrogenic activity, was conducted with estrogen receptor (ER) -α and ER-β, which revealed that it interacts with the key residues of ER-α and ER-β. In addition, compound 1 had slightly higher affinity for ER-β than ER-α in the calculated Gibbs free energy for 1:ER-α and 1:ER-β. Thus, the present experimental evidence demonstrated that active compound 1 from A. tegmentosum could be a promising phytoestrogen for the development of natural estrogen supplements.

RAW 264.7 대식세포와 염증유도 동물모델에서 산겨릅나무 추출물의 항산화 및 항염증 효과

산겨릅나무 80°C 열수 및 95% 에탄올 추출물을 제조하여 항산화 및 항염증 효과를 확인한 결과 추출물은 우수한 항산화 효과를 나타내었고 RAW 264.7 세포에서도 항염증 효과를 보였으며, 그중 95% 에탄올 추출물의 효능이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 효능이 더 뛰어난 산겨릅나무 에탄올 추출물을 이용하여 in vivo 실험에서 추출물의 세포 보호효과 및 항염증 효능을 재확인하였다. ICR mouse에 일주일간 100 mg/kg B.W 산겨릅나무 에탄올 추출물을 경구투여 한 후 LPS를 처리하여 염증반응 및 산화적 스트레스를 유도시켜 Comet assay, serum tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α와 interferon-γ, 장점막세포에서의 TNF-α와 interleukin-6에 대한 생성능을 측정한 결과 산겨릅나무 에탄올 추출물은 DNA 손상을 억제하였으며 사이토카인 생성을 유의적으로 억제하여 항산화와 항염증 효과를 보였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 사용한 산겨릅나무의 에탄올 추출물은 산화적 스트레스 및 염증을 억제하는 효과를 나타내는 세포보호 기능적 소재로서 가능성이 있는 것으로 생각한다.

산겨릅나무 줄기 추출물의 세포독성 억제 및 라디칼 소거 활성

The objective of this study was to investigate anticytotoxic and antioxidatative capacities of ethanol extracts from Acer tegmentosum Maxim (A. tegmentosum) stem in vitro. The extract at concentration of 200 ug/mL inhibited 10 and 20 ug/mL arsenic trioxide-induced cytotoxicity of HepG2 cells by 79.3 and 57.5%, respectively. The extract at concentration of 200 ug/mL inhibited 0.2 and 0.5 mM t-BHP-induced cytotoxicity of HepG2 cells by 66.3 and 35.7%, respectively. Antioxidative effects of the extract were examined via measurement of ABTS, superoxide, and peroxyl radical scavenging activities. ABTS radical scavenging activity of the extract was higher than that of -tocopherol. Superoxide scavenging activity of the extract was higher than that of catechin. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity of the extract was higher than that of ascorbic acid. Cupric reducing antioxidant capacity of the extract was higher than that of -tocopherol. The extract at concentrations of 100 and inhibited 10 mM t-BHP-induced lipid peroxidation of HepG2 cells by 38.2 and 80.7%, respectively. The extract prevented supercoiled DNA strand breakage induced by hydroxyl or peroxyl radical. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract at concentration of were 71.3 nmol/mL gallic acid and 18.8 nmol/mL catechin equivalents, respectively. Thus, strong cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of A. tegmentosum stem extract seem to be due to, at least in part, the prevention from free radicals-induced oxidation as well as high levels in polyphenolic contents.

Effect of Acer tegmentosum bark on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice

Ethnopharmacological relevanceAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory condition characterized by pruritic and eczematous skin lesions that requires safe and effective pharmacological therapy. The bark of Acer tegmentosum Maxim trees has been used in Korean folk and traditional medicine to treat abscesses, surgical bleeding, liver diseases, and AD. Aim of studyTo investigate the therapeutic effect of A. tegmentosum, on a mouse model of Dermatophagoides farinae (Df)-induced AD. MethodsDevelopment of AD-like skin lesions was induced by repetitive skin contact with barrier-disrupted backs of NC/Nga mice with Df body ointment, and the effects of A. tegmentosum were evaluated on the basis of histopathological skin assessment results, ear swelling, and cytokine production in the dorsal skin. The component of A. tegmentosum, salidroside, inhibited the production of TSLP in KCMH-1 cells, which indicated that its production could be pharmacologically regulated. ResultsTopical application of A. tegmentosum for 1 week after Df body ointment challenge significantly reduced ear swelling and improved dorsal skin lesions. Suppression of dermatitis by combined therapy was accompanied by a decrease in the skin level of Th2 cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13, plasma levels of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, and IgE. Induction of thymic stromal lymphopoietin, which leads to a systemic Th2 response, was also reduced in in vivo and in vitro by A. tegmentosum and salidroside. ConclusionsOur findings suggest that A. tegmentosum treatment has a significant therapeutic effect on Df-induced AD-like skin lesions on NC/Nga mice through inhibition of thymic stromal lymphopoietin and IgE via a mechanism that may inhibit Th2-mediated immune responses. These results suggest that A. tegmentosum and salidroside may be useful tools for the treatment of AD.

Antiangiogenic Activity ofAcer tegmentosumMaxim Water Extract in Vitro and in Vivo

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is critical for tumor growth and metastasis. Notably, tumors themselves can lead to angiogenesis by inducing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is one of the most potent angiogenic factors. Inhibition of angiogenesis is currently perceived as one of the most promising strategies for the blockage of tumor growth. In this study, we investigated the effects of Acer tegmentosum maxim water extract (ATME) on angiogenesis and its underlying signal mechanism. We studied the antiangiogenic activity of ATME by using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). ATME strongly inhibited VEGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation, as well as vessel sprouting in a rat aortic ring sprouting assay. Moreover, we found that the p44/42 mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway is involved in the inhibition of angiogenesis by ATME. Moreover, when we performed the in vivo matrigel plug assay, VEGF-induced angiogenesis was potently reduced when compared to that for the control group. Taken together, these results suggest that ATME exhibits potent antiangiogenic activity in vivo and in vitro and that these effects are regulated by the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) pathway.

강제수영실험을 통한 산청목의 항우울효과

Acer tegmentosum Maxim (AT) is a species of the maple genus, which is native to North-Eastern China and Korea. Traditionally, AT has been already used for pain relief in Korea. On the other hand, its antidepressant-like activity and related molecular mechanisms is not completely understood. Using the Forced Swimming Test (FST), the effects of a subacute treatment with AT(100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) on the immobility and FST-induced changes to the immune parameters, cortisol, ACTH, and cytokine, in rats were investigated. The tendency of immobility showed a dose-dependent decrease in FST. The levels of cortisol, IL-6 and IL-1β in the peripheral blood were increased significantly after FST exposure. Overall, these results suggest that AT treatment can decrease the immobility time and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the FST, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effects of AT might be involved in the antidepressant-like effect.

유리알락하늘소를 포함한 14종 하늘소의 새로운 기주식물 보고 및 한국산 하늘소과(딱정벌레목: 잎벌레상과)의 기주식물 재검토

직접적인 기주식물 조사와 기존 문헌자료의 기록을 재검토하여, 한국산 하늘소과(딱정벌레목: 잎벌레상과) 6아과 103속 181종의 기주식물 목록을 작성하였다. 유리알락하늘소의 새로운 기주식물로 산겨릅나무가 확인된 것을 포함하여 총 14종의 하늘소와 기주식물 관계를 구명하였다. 기주식물로 44과 107속 170종 이상이 정리되었다. 이 중, 네 과(느릅나무과, 소나무과, 참나무과, 자작나무과)가 주요 기주식물 과(하늘소 기록 종수의 23% 이상 차지)인 것으로 확인되었다. 기존 문헌들에서 기주식물과 하늘소류의 무효한 학명과 국명들은 현재 통용하고 있는 유효한 학명과 국명으로 수정하였다. A revised checklist of host plants for 181 species belonging to 103 genera in six subfamilies of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) in Korea is provided on the basis of the results of field surveys and literature review. A total of 14 new cerambycid-host associations are confirmed and the Manchurian striped maple, Acer tegmentosum Maxim. (Aceraceae), is listed as a new host of the Asian longhorn beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky). The names of more than 170 host plants species belonging to 107 genera in 44 families are compiled. Among them, four families (Ulmaceae, Pinaceae, Fagaceae and Betulaceae) are confirmed as the main host families (more than 23%) of most of the cerambycid species. All invalid scientific names and Korean names of plants and cerambycids in the previous literature are corrected in the present paper.

Isolation and identification of an anticancer compound from the bark of Acer tegmentosum Maxim

In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of a newly isolated compound from Acer tegmentosum Maxim (ATM) in HepG2 cells. This compound was isolated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) in a butanol-soluble fraction, which was shown to have the strongest anticancer activity. The isolated compound was identified as salidroside using multiple nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, including 1H, 13C, correlated spectroscopy (COSY), heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC), and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC), as well as electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI/MS). The activity of salidroside was evaluated in HepG2 cells by analyzing cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, Hoechst 33342 staining, and Western blots of apoptotic regulatory proteins. The results show that salidroside, an anticancer compound from ATM, exhibits strong apoptotic activity in HepG2 cells. Therefore, ATM extracts could be used as chemotherapeutic agent to induce apoptosis in hepatoblastoma cells.

벌나무 열수 및 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 알코올 분해능

벌나무의 에탄올 및 열수 추출물을 각각 제조하여 추출물별 항산화 활성을 비교하고, in vitro 및 in vivo에서의 알코올 분해능을 검토하였다. 벌나무 열수 및 에탄올 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 각각 171.93±2.2 μg/mg, 152.69±1.25μg/mg, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 7.51±1.34 μg/mg,5.01±0.83 μg/mg이었고, FRAP값은 각각 1.75±0.32 μM/μg, 1.67±0.28 μM/μg으로 나타났다. 벌나무 열수 및 에탄올 추출물은 DPPH 및 ABTS에 대해 높은 소거활성을 보였고, 지질과산화 억제활성이 높음을 알 수 있었다. 벌나무 열수추출물은 HepG2 세포에서 알코올에 대한 in vitro에서의 간세포 보호 효과가 있었고, 또한 알코올을 투여한 rat에서 벌나무 추출물을 투여하면 알코올 투여 30분이 경과한 후 알코올 투여군보다 혈중 알코올 함량이 유의적으로 저하되었다. 따라서 벌나무 추출물은 높은 항산화 작용을 하며, 알코올분해 작용 및 알코올에 대한 간 보호 효과가 높은 것으로 생각된다.

Effect of Acer tegmentosum Maxim. Extracts on Acute Hepatitis and Fatty Liver in Rats

This study was performed to investigate the preventing effects to liver injury of Acer tegmentosum Maxim. extract (ATE). After oral administration ATE to SD rats, liver injuries were induced by CCl4, galactosamine or ethionine treatments. The aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride and cholesterols in blood were used as indicators of liver damage. When acute hepatitis was induced by CCl4 or galactosamine, ATE-fed rats showed low level of AST and ALT in plasma than the ATE-unfed rats. In case of ethionine-induced fatty liver, the triglyceride in plasma were shown to reduced level in ATE-fed rats than ATE-unfed rats. These results indicate that Acer tegmentosum Maxim. extract protected hepatic failure.

Total Peroxyl Radical-Scavenging Capacity of the Chemical Components from the Stems of Acer tegmentosum Maxim

Acer tegmentosum is a type of deciduous tree that grows in Korea. It has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of hepatic disorders. In this study, chromatography fractionation and isolation have been successfully used to yield 15 compounds, including 10 flavonoids, 4 phenylethyl glycosides, and 1 other glycoside. Their structures were determined on the basis of their physical and spectral properties [(1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS)] and by comparison of these results to similar data in the literature. The total peroxyl radical-scavenging capacity of each isolated compound was evaluated. Among them, the most active components belong to the flavonoids. Among these, quercitrin (1), 6-hydroxy-quercetin-3-O-galactose (6), and (+)-catechin (8) showed stronger activity than the positive control Trolox.