Abstract
We investigated the effect of Acer tegmentosum Maxim (ATM) on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells and anti-obesity properties in obese rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Cellular lipid content in DMI (dexamethasone, 3–isobutyl–1–methylxanthine, and insulin mixture)-treated cells increased, while ATM treatment caused a significant reduction in lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. ATM (60 ug/mL) caused inhibition of adipogenesis via down-regulation of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) (48%), C/EBPα (66%), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) (64%) expressions in 3T3-L1 cells. Moreover, ATM induced a decrease in the expressions of adipocyte-specific genes, such as adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein-2 (aP2), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Protein kinase B (Akt) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation was also decreased by ATM treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We investigated the anti-obesity effects of ATM on HFD-induced obese rats. Rats fed with an HFD demonstrated elevations in body weight gain, while the administration of ATM reversed body weight (BW) gains and adipose tissue weights in rats fed an HFD. ATM supplementation caused a decrease in the circulating triglyceride and total cholesterol levels and led to inhibition of lipid accumulation in the adipose tissues in HFD-induced obese rats. Epididymal fat exhibited significantly larger adipocytes in the HFD group than it did in the ATM-treated group. These results demonstrate that ATM administration caused a reduction in adiposity via attenuation in adipose tissue mass and adipocyte size.
Highlights
Obesity is a major risk factor for many metabolic disorders, including hyperlipidemia, type2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular diseases [1]
We examined whether Acer tegmentosum Maxim (ATM) affected the mRNA levels related to expression of adopogenic transcription factors, such as CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ), C/EBPα, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) during adipocyte differentiation
We investigated the inhibitory effects of ATM on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cell and the anti-obesity ATM activities on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats was investigated by analyzing body and fat pad weights, adipocyte size, and blood biochemical profiles
Summary
Obesity is a major risk factor for many metabolic disorders, including hyperlipidemia, type2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular diseases [1]. Adipose tissues are the major site for excess energy storage, excess adiposity and adipocyte dysfunction cause induction of increased levels of plasma free fatty acids and triglycerides (TGs), decreased levels of Nutrients 2020, 12, 3753; doi:10.3390/nu12123753 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3753 high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and abnormal low-density lipoprotein (LDL) composition in plasma and tissues, such as liver and muscle. These changes lead to pathological dysfunction of these tissues [2,3]. Inhibition of adipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation from fibroblast-like preadipocytes into fully mature adipocytes in addition to identifying critical factors that regulate these processes is extremely important in an approach to primary obesity prevention and treatment
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