Accusations Of Plagiarism Research Articles

El plagio literario y sus polémicas:

En este artículo se propone el análisis de las novelas Bolivia Construcciones (2006) de Bruno Morales, pseudónimo del argentino Sergio Di Nucci, y Axolotl Roadkill (2010) de la alemana Helene Hegemann. Se trata de dos novelas que coinciden en iniciar a los autores en sus carreras literarias, en tanto escritores reconocidos, que además fueron positivamente leídas inicialmente, reconociendo su valor literario, que además resultaron innovadoras dentro de sus campos literarios nacionales por las temáticas que abordaban a través de la ficción, aunque luego, muy rápidamente, fueron desvaloradas por acusaciones de plagio. El plagio como concepto de valoración impone aquí como una variable de la lectura literaria que resulta divergente con los modos (especialmente actuales) de escritura. A través del análisis textual en relación con las acusaciones de plagio que enfrentaron y de la consideración de las polémicas literarias a su alrededor desde la sociología literaria, exploramos las implicaciones del debate, la legitimidad de la categoría de plagio como definidora de valor y la potencialidad de nociones más cercanas a los modos de la escritura ultracontemporánea, tales como la de escrituras no-creativas de Goldsmith.

Plagiarism and Authorship in Turn-of-the-Century Venezuela

Abstract This article explores the connection between modernismo, a literary movement that relied heavily on imitation and intertextuality, and accusations of plagiarism, copying, and appropriation. It contextualizes the analysis within a nineteenth-century legal moment in which intellectual property protections were just beginning to take hold at the international level. It examines claims of authorship in the absence of meaningful intellectual property legislation, and in an asymmetrical context in which European authors were widely reprinted and read in Latin America but Latin American authors were barely read in Europe. And it considers performances of plagiarizing and of being plagiarized—that is, the unease expressed by one who suspects his work has been copied. Specifically, the article analyzes an accusatory epistolary exchange between Enrique Gómez Carrillo and Manuel Díaz Rodríguez; the novel El hombre de hierro (The Iron Man; 1907) by Rufino Blanco Fombona, which was interpreted as a copy of Flaubert’s Madame Bovary but justified by its local character; and the very curious case of Rafael Bolívar Coronado, whose writing implodes the category of authorship that underlies intellectual property legislation. Taken together, the three cases demonstrate the development of the notions of authorship and plagiarism in Venezuelan literature at the turn of the century.

Racial burdens, translations, and chance

Racial burdens, translations, and chance

NON-OBVIOUS SUBTLETIES OF PLAGIARISM IDENTIFICATION AND SCANDALOUS SPEECHES OF FAMOUS AMERICAN POLITICIANS

This article examines the relation between legal and ethical understanding of plagiarism on the basis of three cases in modern American political history. Ethical understanding deals with any theft of others’ work, whereas legal is observed within the Ukrainian legislation. The authors have made the attempt to cover some theoretical and practical aspects related to the process of plagiarism identification. Nixon/McCarthy, Kinnock/ Biden and Patrick/Obama as cases discussed have received publicity in the United States because of plagiarism accusations aimed at their authors being political figures well-known outside the country. Each of them has different consequences for thereputation of speakers involved. Special attention has been given to the issue of public political speech.The results of the research reveal that as a rule, the speeches of politicians refer to oral literary works, even if they were objectified in written form. The notion of a work according to the general formulas described in the national legislation remains unclear, and there are a lot of doubts whether we can protect any result of creative activity in the spiritual realm. Sometimes a judge should be consulted by an expert, able to distinguish a separate work. Journalists do not tend to look into a situation more deeply and that is the reason for why they blame politicians lacking legal grounds. There are three questions, which are worth considering in cases like those mentioned in the article. Firstly, where does the creative activity of a politician (or his speechwriter), being granted legal protection, start and end. Secondly, do speakers mean to say that they are the authors of words pronounced by them (as B. Obama did not mean to say that he had come up with «I have a dream»). Thirdly, who has written a text of a speech? Wasn’t it somebody else but a speaker? If a politician says words said earlier by someone else, that doesn’t mean he is plagiarizing. Anyway he might avoid any accusations of the plagiarism in legal understanding by using quotes. The study shows that the issue of oral literary works should be elaborated more thoroughly, for example, regarding the presumption of authorship.

Piękna paranoja i Freud, czyli afera plagiatowa wokół teorii dwupłciowości Wilhelma Fließa

The article presents the dispute between Freud and Fließ concerning the bisexual theory of the latter. According to Fließ, Freud inadvertently conveyed the main ideas of this theory to his patient, Hermann Swoboda, who included them in his article, which he published. Not enough of this. The latter conveyed them to Otto Weininger, who also drew on them in his famous book Sex and Character. The result was public accusation of plagiarism made by Fließ against Swoboda and Weininger and the breaking of friendship with Freud. In the article, I argue that in this case the issue of alleged plagiarism is problematic and at least ambiguous, not allowing the formulation of categorical opinions.

Plagiarism and deterrence tools: A fight against academic dishonesty

In the twenty first century, the education system is in transaction phase. The contents are taking shape into digital form even reading, study material/s and class rooms are marching towards digitization. Thereby, academic institutions and study contents are easy to access and copying also. Consequently, the plagiarism incidents occur more in the digital world. The same incidents were happened in non-digital era also but these were not traceable usually, unless/until any one may file the complaint against concerned. Therefore, with the availability of digital contents, the scholars/students are being trapped under plagiarism act easily and frequently. Presently, among Indian academic activities, the plagiarism is a well known and overwhelming issue and stood like a giant in front of the stakeholders as most of the institutions/universities are not having the proper guidelines and policy for the same so far. Even, our education system is bearing the consequences of academic misconduct. Thereon, students and research scholars are in a dilemma that how to tackle with the same as plagiarism is not limited up to undergraduates and undergraduate courses. To overcome from this dilemma and to save the students/scholars from accusations of plagiarism, the University Grants Commission (UGC) has taken the initiative to frame the policy on plagiarism and after framing the same, it is available on the website of the University Grants Commission (UGC). Any academic institution can adopt the same or with little-bit changes according to the requirement of their academic pursuit. Though, in policy the commission has not been recommended the name of any deterrence tool; however, as a deterrence tool as depicted by many studies (Melvin, 2002), Turnitin is a very prominent and effective detection tool. But its services are available on payment basis. It compares the data of uploaded documents with the data which are available online even paid vendors’ data also and flagging the suspected material, if any. Turnitin or any other plagiarism detection tools detect only the similarity of text in the uploaded document/s instead of plagiarism. However, similarity does not lead the substantial form of plagiarism. After analyzing the contents, the originality report may be uploaded. The present paper will try to explain the concept of plagiarism, deterrence tools and working of Turnitin and its role to combat with plagiarism.

Operator Lipschitz estimate functions on Banach spaces

This article has been retracted due to an accusation of plagiarism. The Editor-in-Chief compared [1] with a previously published article "M. Haase, J. Rozendaal, Operator Lipschitz functions on Banach spaces, Stud. Math. 232 (2016), 57–92" and believes sufficient evidence exists to support this accusation. We apologize to the readers that this was not detected before publication.

Retraction: Lu, T. Bayesian inference on mixed-effects location scale models with skew-t distribution and mismeasured covariates for longitudinal data. Statist. Med. 2017;36:2614-2629. doi: 10.1002/sim.7315.

The above article from Statistics in Medicine published online 18 April 2017, in Wiley Online Library (http://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com) and in Volume 36, pp. 2614-2629, has been retracted by agreement between the Journal Editors, Ralph D'Agostino, Simon Day, Els Goetghebeur, Joel Greenhouse, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, and the author. The article has been retracted by the author due to some text overlap with other materials previously published by the author. The retraction is not due to any accusation of plagiarism or misconduct.

Rhetorical Touch: Disability, Identification, Haptics by Shannon Walters

Rhetorical Touch: Disability, Identification, Haptics by Shannon Walters

WITHDRAWN: Treatment of cancer by low intensity laser radiation therapy

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). The Editorial Board of Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology retracts this paper due to an accusation of plagiarism. After careful review, the Editorial Board believes sufficient evidence exists to support this accusation. The author does not dispute the fact that: (i) The paper "Treatment of cancer by low intensity laser radiation therapy" -- which was submitted to Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology (PBMB) in June 2017, and which was accepted for publication (http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.11.002)-- has been published previously in near-identical form. (ii) The previous publication appeared in the June 2017 issue of Cancer Biology (http://doi.org/10.7537/marscbj070217.11). (iii) The author explains that this is an administrative mix-up with another paper published in Cancer Biology in September 2017 (http://doi.org/10.7537/marscbj070317.03). The article duplicates significant paragraphs from the other published article. As such this article represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process.

Authorial identities in the work of Linda Lê

Issues of authenticity, originality, and plagiarism have haunted Francophone literatures from the time Camara Laye was first accused of having copied the work of others. Official positions on plagiarism and copyright have provided a framework to judge the originality of literary and scholarly work, but even these pronouncements leave much open to interpretation, which may, in fact, mask the real motivations for accusations of plagiarism. Francophone writers with links to Vietnam would also be under scrutiny in such a context. Linda Lê, the most prolific writer “from Vietnam” who writes in French, cleverly and playfully treats the questions of literary authenticity, creativity, originality, intertextuality, and authorship in a strong metatextual thread running in some form throughout her long bibliography. In this way, she also examines the position of the immigrant writer in exile, the negotiation of multiple heritages and languages, and what is necessarily the shifting literary scene in France and elsewhere, as immigrant writers, among others, redefine “French literature.”

‘Upstart Crow’? The Myth of Shakespeare’s Plagiarism

In his deathbed pamphlet Greenes Groatsworth of Wit, bought with a Million of Repentance (1592), Robert Greene warned his fellow playwrights to beware of the actors, ‘those Puppets (I meane) that spake from our mouths, those Anticks garnisht in our colours’, and especially ‘an upstart Crow, beautified with our feathers’ who ‘is in his own conceit the only Shake-scene in a countrey.’ In 1787 Edmond Malone took this to be an accusation of plagiarism, and used it to justify his theory that Greene had written the unauthorized Quartos, The First Part of the Contention (1594) and The True Tragedie of Richard Duke of York (1595), and that Shakespeare ‘new-modelled and amplified these two pieces’ to create what the 1623 Folio calls The Second and Third Part of King Henry VI, without acknowledging his debt, thus arousing Greene’s anger. Malone had no evidence for this theory, and it was comprehensively demolished by Peter Alexander in 1929 and by H. O. White in 1935. Despite their work, John Dover Wilson revived Malone’s theory in 1951, and it continues to produce claims that Shakespeare was a plagiarist. This essay examines all the writings of Greene in which he criticizes the actors, showing that he repeats over and again, in very similar terms, the same basic accusation that they depend on the playwrights yet unjustly enjoy more prestige and financial reward. Greene never accused Shakespeare of plagiarism.

Were Acknowledgements Used in Yester Years to Prevent the Accusation of Plagiarism in Cancer Cases?

Acknowledgment is a desideratum in printed research. Elsewhere, I delved into the modern principles of it. Here, I propose to survey the trends noticeable in how the medical masters of yester years tackled it. In particular, it became evident that former efforts probably centered on preventing the accusation of plagiarism, which is defined as appropriating the already existing work of others as one’s own effort.

Empiricist Fictions, Fictions of Empiricism

Empiricist Fictions, Fictions of Empiricism

Some Theoretical Issues on the Plagiarism in Literature

이 논문의 목적은 최근 신경숙과 박민규에 대해 제기된 표절혐의에 관련된 몇 가지 이론적 쟁점들을 검토해보는 데 있다. 두 경우 모두 작품에서 출처를 밝히지 않은 차용은 표절이며 표절혐의자는 절도죄를 범한 것과 마찬가지라는 단순논리, 즉 ‘표절근본주의’라고 지칭될 수 있는 이데올로기에 지배되고 있다는 것이 필자의 입장이다. 신경숙은 단편 ｢전설｣에 미시마 유키오의 ｢우국｣의 몇몇 문장이 그대로 사용되고 있다는 근거에서 표절작가로 비난받았다. 그러나 표현상의 유사성을 빌미로 문학작품을 표절의 결과물로 단정 짓는 것은 매우 좁은 시각으로, 여기에는 차용된 단어나 문장들이 그 나름의 독자적인 예술적 성취를 이룩한 전혀 다른 새로운 작품세계의 형성에 기여하는가의 문제가 도외시되어 있다. 박민규의 경우 표절 문제는 정보가 인터넷을 통해 제한 없이 유통되는 ‘포스트모던의 조건’과 관련지어 논의되어야 한다. 박민규는 단편 ｢낮잠｣과 장편소설 ｢삼미 슈퍼스타즈의 마지막 팬클럽｣이 인터넷에 올라 있는 발상과 표현을 베끼거나 차용했다는 이유로 표절 혐의를 받았다. 그러나 이는 기원을 알기 어려운 다차원의 정보들이 흘러다니는 인터넷 환경에서 작업하는 작가들의 입지를 고려하지 않은 결과다. 문학에서의 표절 문제는 근대사회에서 독창성과 창조성의 관계라는 더 근본적인 문제로 이어진다. ‘독창적’ 표현에 대한 배타적 소유권 주장은 자본주의의 도래와 더불어 저작권과 지적 재산권 개념이 도입되면서 대두되었다. 표절은 그 윤리적 성격과 시간에 구애되지 않는 특성 때문에 지적 재산권과는 구별되지만 둘은 서로 혼용되기도 한다. 여기서 과거의 언어 표현을 자유롭게 사용하고자 하는 작가의 욕망은 그런 용법을 범죄적이고 부도덕하다고 비난하는 근본주의적 표절관과 충돌하게 된다. 최근 두 작가에게 제기된 표절혐의는 이 같은 표절 이데올로기가 문학 창작의 영역에 강하게 개입해 있는 증좌로 보아야 할 것이다.This essay proposes to elucidate some theoretical issues related to the recent accusations of plagiarism against the two writers, Kyungsook Shin and Minkyu Park. In both cases, the accusations were caught in a simplistic supposition, which I designate as ‘plagiarism fundamentalism’, in which any borrowings from others’ works without permission or declaration must be a plagiarism and the plagiarists should be condemned as having committed a crime of theft. Shin has been condemned as a plagiarist on the ground that her short story “A Legend” contains several sentences which have some verbatim similarity with Mishima Yukio’s in his “Patriotism”. But it reveals very narrow viewpoint to judge literary works as results of plagiarism just for the reason of such similarities found in some expressions. We should consider whether the borrowed words or sentences contribute to form a totally new and different world of works with an artistic achievement of their own. In the case of Park, the issue of plagiarism should be discussed in terms of a ‘postmodern condition’, where information is widely flowing and being distributed through the worldwide web without check. Park was accused of plagiarism for the reason that in his short story “A Nap” and The Last Fan club of Sammi Superstars he copied or borrowed some ideas and expressions he found during his Internet searching. Itself having a relatively lesser authenticity, a variety of multi-levelled information flowing through the Internet circumstances should be more available to a free use for the writers. The question of plagiarism in literature leads to a more fundamental question of relationship between originality and creativeness in the modern society. The privileged ownership on the ‘original’ expressions derived from the advent of capitalism along with an emerging concept of copyright and intellectual property. Though the issue of plagiarism is distinguished from that of intellectual property in its ethical characters and timelessness, the two has been usually intermixed and confused with each other. This causes a continual conflict between the writers’ desire to take a free use of the past expressions of words and the fundamentalist standpoint of plagiarism which condemns such usage as criminal and immoral. The recent cases of plagiarism accusation should be recorded as showing how forcefully an ideology of plagiarism can intervene into the area of literary creation.

FROM NEEDS ANALYSIS TO DESIGNING ACADEMIC WRITING MATERIALS FOR DIPLOMA STUDENTS OF MARA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (UITM), MALAYSIA

When students begin their undergraduate studies, they will need to adjust to the demands of the undergraduate studies with regard to academic English at university level. Dudley-Evans & St. John (1998, p.37) maintain that “their English tuition up to the tertiary level will generally have been in the area of General English, and is unlikely to have included specific preparation for study at university level…” Barker (2000, p.8), in his study on first year students’ perception of writing difficulties, found that the students “come to realise during first semester that they are not adequately prepared for the writing demands required at university”. Pecorari (as cited in Phakiti & Li, 2011) found that Asian ESL students had problems in academic writing; “the students begin their aca-demic writing from ‘copying’ which implies a lack of training in academic writing and arouses accusations of plagiarism in their writing” (p.232). Being an English-medium public university in Malaysia, MARA University of Technology (UiTM) poses challenges to both its students and instructors, as a good command of English is essential. In its attempt to equip its undergraduate students with language skills, UiTM has introduced credit-bearing English courses. This paper presents the findings from a research project to identify the academic writing needs of first-year Diploma in Public Administration students in UiTM Sabah. A total of 110 Diploma in Public Administration students and six instructors responded to the questionnaires. The research examined the students’ and instructors’ perceptions of the importance of academic writing skills the students need in order to complete their undergraduate programmes, assessment of the students’ academic writing skills, and the difficulty of academic writing skills. The findings indicated that there was consistency of response between the students and instructors. The follow-up interviews and focus groups with instructors and students confirmed this. The findings from the needs analysis are then used as the basis for developing academic writing materials to complement the existing English courses in UiTM.

FROM NEEDS ANALYSIS TO DESIGNING ACADEMIC WRITING MATERIALS FOR DIPLOMA STUDENTS OF MARA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (UITM), MALAYSIA

When students begin their undergraduate studies, they will need to adjust to the demands of the undergraduate studies with regard to academic English at university level. Dudley-Evans & St. John (1998, p.37) maintain that “their English tuition up to the tertiary level will generally have been in the area of General English, and is unlikely to have included specific preparation for study at university level…” Barker (2000, p.8), in his study on first year students’ perception of writing difficulties, found that the students “come to realise during first semester that they are not adequately prepared for the writing demands required at university”. Pecorari (as cited in Phakiti & Li, 2011) found that Asian ESL students had problems in academic writing; “the students begin their aca-demic writing from ‘copying’ which implies a lack of training in academic writing and arouses accusations of plagiarism in their writing” (p.232). Being an English-medium public university in Malaysia, MARA University of Technology (UiTM) poses challenges to both its students and instructors, as a good command of English is essential. In its attempt to equip its undergraduate students with language skills, UiTM has introduced credit-bearing English courses. This paper presents the findings from a research project to identify the academic writing needs of first-year Diploma in Public Administration students in UiTM Sabah. A total of 110 Diploma in Public Administration students and six instructors responded to the questionnaires. The research examined the students’ and instructors’ perceptions of the importance of academic writing skills the students need in order to complete their undergraduate programmes, assessment of the students’ academic writing skills, and the difficulty of academic writing skills. The findings indicated that there was consistency of response between the students and instructors. The follow-up interviews and focus groups with instructors and students confirmed this. The findings from the needs analysis are then used as the basis for developing academic writing materials to complement the existing English courses in UiTM.

A review of this month's lawsuits and rulings

Personnel: Failure to show adverse action ends retaliation case Personnel: Former employee fails to allege she complained about discrimination Immunity: Student sues after plagiarism accusations, emails referencing violence Accommodation: University must allow prospect with hearing impairment to attend

Led Zeppelin: Good Times, Bad Times (review)

Reviewed by: Led Zeppelin: Good Times, Bad Times Alicia Doyle Led Zeppelin: Good Times, Bad Times. DVD. Surrey, UK: Pride Records, 2014. PGD2VD169. $26.99. In the late 1960s, musicians Jimmy Page, Robert Plant, John Paul Jones, and John Bonham fused disparate musical elements to form a uniquely “heavy” sound that came to define Led Zeppelin. Candidly outlined in the film, the genesis of the band’s musical style is a complicated and sometimes controversial saga. As original as the output of these four musicians was, it is evident that their music was derived from blues and folk traditions and from the musicians that had inspired them. This film provides an examination of the band’s formation and the musical heritage that contributed to Led Zeppelin’s innovative sound. Released in April 2014, this 2-disc set is available from Pride Records (4:3 screen format, Dolby Digital 2.0). Supported by extensive live footage and interviews with musicians, producers, scholars, and critics, this set offers a unique evidence-based look at the music of Led Zeppelin. Holding true to the DVD title and the song of the same name, the filmmakers present both good times and bad times. The material on Disc One is focused upon the evidence of the band’s musical genealogy in their first two albums (Led Zeppelin I and II). A primary goal in the film’s narrative is the dispelling of any myth that perpetuates the idea that the music of Led Zeppelin is sui generis. The film highlights each individual band member’s technical skills and musical experiences in addition to showcasing how highly inventive and creative the musicians were together as an ensemble. Following this investigation of the experience and skills of the individual band members, the next part of the film is an exploration of the tracks on the first two albums in terms of the apparent influence of folk, rockabilly, world music styles, blues, etc. It is often noted that Led Zeppelin I (1969) was recorded in just 60 hours. However, as the film reveals, some of the songs on this album were actually tunes from the band members’ collaborative past or were known traditional/folk songs. Despite the success of this album, it was this recycling and restyling of older tunes that initially was, and continues to be, a point of controversy. Coming on the heels of the first album’s success, the band’s sophomore effort, Led Zeppelin II (also released in 1969), did not disappoint the public. The interviewees in the film agree that this album represents Led Zeppelin truly owning their style. However, several songs again were clearly derivative and the album was not without its critics. The film’s contributors address accusations of plagiarism or at least improper writing credit regarding two tracks in particular, Whole Lotta Love, and Bring it on Home. In contrast, other tunes on the album, like the J.R.R. Tolkien-inspired Ramble On, did not raise questions of originality, but as is demonstrated in the film, were considered the foreshadowing of the band’s continuing and evolving creativity. Disc Two contains an examination of the developing style present on the Led Zeppelin albums that followed the first two. The film’s producers highlight the tunes [End Page 559] on the later albums that were recorded previously in Led Zeppelin’s career as a means to reflect upon the blues/folk roots of the band’s sound while the more progressive tunes are recognized for their inventive brilliance. The role of the band’s manager, Peter Grant, and the impact of Led Zeppelin’s own recording label, Swan Song, is also addressed. Along with the main body of material on the two discs there is a good deal of extras including an involved history of the Yardbirds, contributor biographies, and “The Hardest Interactive Led Zeppelin Quiz in the World Ever.” Despite the relatively low production quality of the discs and a few curiosities (typos in the quiz, lack of credits at the end of film, no liner notes in the DVD case) the information presented is valuable and is ideal for anyone interested in the musical heritage of Led Zeppelin...

The Weakness of Sanctioning in Norms-Based Property Systems: An Investigation of Joke Theft

This paper investigates practices and patterns of sanctioning violations of exclusivity in norms-based intellectual property systems through a study of joke theft allegations in stand-up comedy. These informal, network-based institutions emerge to define and police property rights in domains where formal legal interventions are absent and, in their place, social norms define exclusivity and guide the adjudication of rights violations. This study finds that, while these regimes are effective in discouraging free-riding, they tend to be ineffective regarding the sanctioning of those that transgress property rights norms for three main reasons. First, making allegations of malfeasance can be costly because of risks of reputational damage and retribution from accused parties, especially if they are socially central, that may lead to penalties regarding career advancement. This discourages policing even in cases where a transgressor’s actions are shared knowledge within the community. Second, it requires accusers to undertake complex strategies of moral entrepreneurship and to possess higher peer esteem and enhanced reputations for norm conformity vis-à-vis their targets. Lastly, opportunities emerge where accusations of plagiarism are decoupled from an act, because allegations can allow for opportunism and can present means of rationalizing discontinuities between status orders, particularly commercial success and peer esteem. These findings emerge from a qualitative study of the stand-up comedy in Los Angeles, which involves data from five years participant observation research of the industry, semi-structured interviews, and archival research of stand-up comedy podcasts.