Social Capital Accumulation Research Articles

Contextualizing alternative development perspectives in local governance systems and communities of Nepal

There has been an increasing shift of focus of scholars and practitioners in viewing development from traditional approaches of development towards alternative approaches. Social capital and assets based community development approaches are prominent among such alternative views on development. This research, by contextualizing the focal concepts of these approaches in the local governance systems of Nepal, aims to understand and describe the local realities. From a centralized state, Nepal adopted federalism in 2015 and local level elections were held in 2017, after twenty years since the last local election. In this light, it is timely and relevant to explore how alternative theories and models of rural community development could operate in the new system. Extensive review of literature on this field was done to understand the focal concepts and their relationships. It was followed by document analysis to contextualize these concepts by understanding the local systems and settings of local governments in Nepal. Scholarly sources such as books, journals and official documents such as the Constitution of Nepal 2015, official reports from sources of government, national and international agencies and organizations, statistical surveys, census data, etc. were valuable sources of secondary data and information. The findings of this research suggest that heterogeneity in Nepalese communities has had its effects on social capital accumulation and effective participation. It also found that lack of meaningful interaction between marginalized rural communities and public institutions have limited their economic opportunities and development capacity. However, with institutional arrangements of inclusive representation, affirmative action and other policy measures adopted in the new system of governance as guaranteed by the provisions of the new constitution, foundations have been laid to increase the stock of bridging social capital and promote community action. Furthermore, with the emergence of new leaders elected in the local level election of 2017 and other informal community leaderships, a ‘mediating agency’ is identified who could act as a link between communities and public institutions and mobilize local assets to create economic opportunities through their linking ties.

Modal Sosial Pembangunan SDM Masyarakat Bali

During this time, the government and the community in implementing development, explicitly only prioritize economic capital and human capital in an individual perspective only. Not many people have highlighted the role of social capital, which is a necessity, in maintaining the results of development that have been carried out. Mainly, Balinese social capital which is hierarchically shaped through values that are invested from an early age, will grow into an accumulation of social capital which will later contribute positively in maintaining a conducive atmosphere in developing human resources for the Balinese people.

FACTORS OF FORMING SOCIAL CAPITAL IN A MODERN ECONOMY

In the article we examine the problem of social capital accumulation as an important economic resource, which allows to solve complex problems with its effective use: ensuring the reliability and predictability of the institutional environment of the economy; formation of reliable economic relations between economic entities based on trust, recognition of common values and norms of economic behavior; establishment of partnership relations between the state, business and civil society in solving the problems of sustainable economic development; elimination of the practices of opportunistic behavior of economic entities of different levels of management; population welfare growth. The purpose of the article is to justify social capital as a result of the development of socio-economic relations, the definition of ways to implement social capital in the socio-economic system and identify the factors of its formation in the modern economy. Social capital is considered as the result of economic development and socio-economic relations. The resource, mobilization and institutional ways of realizing social capital in socio-economic reality are determined. The resource method is based on reciprocal behavior and is aimed at benefiting from social contacts. The following factors of formation of social capital in the modern economy of Ukraine are described: the maturity of socio-economic relations; the level of economic development and the effectiveness of market mechanisms; development of human capital; features of communication management; state policy; social responsibility of companies; development of civil society and PPP; technological, social, cultural and other innovations, the priority of the sphere of services and the rapid development of the IT sector; service models of employment; social investment; development of a network society, social differentiation; globalization processes.

The impact of green supplier integration on firm performance: The mediating role of social capital accumulation

Although green supplier integration has received widespread attention, how it impacts various types of firm performance remains unclear. Based on social capital theory, this study explores the influence of green supplier integration on three dimensions of social capital accumulation, which further affect economic and environmental performances. To verify the hypotheses, we collect two-wave survey data from 206 Chinese manufacturers. Results show that green supplier integration significantly affects social capital accumulation. Relational and structural capital accumulations have positive effects on both economic and environmental performances, while cognitive capital accumulation only has a positive impact on environmental performance. Additionally, relational and structural capital accumulations partially mediate the effects of green supplier integration on economic and environmental performances, whereas cognitive capital accumulation only partially mediates the impact of green supplier integration on environmental performance. This research deepens the understanding of how green supplier integration influences firm performance via social capital accumulation, and provides a theoretical basis for firms attempting to enhance their performance.

TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL INTO ECONOMIC CAPITAL THROUGH EDUCATION (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND BULGARIA)

This paper is an analysis of different types of capital as well as of the opportunity for capital to be transformed into various types. The basic sorts of capital and their theoretical conceptions are being viewed with an attempt to prove that every resource should be considered as capital as long as they bring benefits which can be regarded as economic ones. Education and knowledge are important factors for the process of observing and analyzing the transformation of human or social capital into economic capital. On the basis of statistic data from Eurostat it is shown in this paper that there is a direct dependency between education and the economic growth of a given country. The main objective of the paper is to present the theoretical opportunities for capital transformation and to give examples for the latter through data from Eurostat. Moreover, we accept the working hypothesis that capital should be related to the personality that it belongs; and that in its essence it is uniform and it takes different forms through transformation. For the writing of the text we have used comparative and theoretical methods, adaptive methodology, deductive and empirical method and the statistical analysis method. The main outcomes of our research are as follows: capital exists in various forms; it can be transformed and it should be defined as a resource that brings additional dividends; human capital, albeit personal. Through its social function it is transformed into economic one and is useful not only for the individual but for society as a whole; education is one of the fundamental ways for human and social capital accumulation. There is a direct correlation between education and economic growth. Moreover, on the basis of the examples from the data from the European Union, it is clear that the more educated young people there are in the real economy, the higher the economic development is.

Information Support of Youth Policy as a Factor of Formation of the Social Capital and Political Attitudes of the Young Generation

If we sum up the tasks facing the Russian state in relation to the young generation, then all of them are associated with its harmonious inclusion in the social and political development of the country. At the normative level, the current need is declared for young people to form active citizenship and democratic political culture, which is possible only in a constant and equal dialogue between the authorities and young people. Ensuring the interaction of the younger generation with the political elite presupposes the existence of certain conditions - the creation and effective functioning of the information infrastructure of youth policy, as well as the conduct of an open active information policy.
 
 The article describes the results of a study of the political status of students of the capital of Tatarstan - Kazan, in particular, such parameters as youth interest in political information, trust in the sources of this information, and political participation. Together with the data of secondary studies, this made it possible to characterize the youth sector of political communication, identify the existing difficulties in the interaction of the government and youth, in particular, identify some difficulties in receiving and disseminating political information among the youth, which impede the development of a democratic political culture and the accumulation of social capital of the young generation.

Social Capital of Business in Hybrid War Conditions: Concept, Components, Functions

The main approaches to the definition of the category “social capital” in the historical context are considered. Elements of social capital (social norms, social network, trust) have been defined as well as its main functions have been identified, which were formed during the evolution of this concept. The influence of the hybrid war on the formation of social capital in the context of public trust in business structures in Ukraine is determined. The role of social networks as a source of creation, accumulation and restoration of social capital has been investigated. The importance of the existence of network links that affect the socialization of society and the expansion of its communicative borders in the conditions of the development of modern socio-economic relations has been noted.

Fortifying futures: how older boomerangers in English multigenerational households boost resilience through social capital accumulation and distribution

Multigenerational households (MGHs) are the UK’s fastest growing household type. This paper critically explores the relative influence of ‘Generation X’ in shaping social capital accumulation and distribution strategies within English MGHs. We contend that this cohort, described here as ‘amalgamation generation’, (older ‘boomerangers’) recognize how the quintessential inter/intra generational forms of social capital present in MGHs may be consolidated to boost resilience at a time of economic uncertainty and social instability. We challenge therefore the largely negative discourse surrounding boomerangers which exist in existing scholarship. Our analysis highlights the dialectical relationship between the concepts of resilience and social capital when applied to multigenerational living. In doing so, we highlight the relevance of network centrality, shared family values, an awareness of the natural life cycle and the importance of family ‘social capital bank’ in promoting the overall cohesion of the MGH. The extent to which English MGHs may be construed as a liquid, temporal and fluid asset over space, place and time is explored.

Institutional Shocks and Proximate Causes of Growth: Evidence From the Era of French Rule in Italy

This paper examines the effect of French political control during the Napoleonic period on proximate causes of growth across nineteenth-century Italy, finding a strong association between the intensity of French reforms and the accumulation of both social and human capital. We demonstrate that the effect induced by the French control is robust to geographical factors, to pre-French characteristics, and to the economic growth of Italian provinces during the nineteenth century. Then, we use exogenous variation in the provincial distance to Paris, from which French local armies received military and intelligence support to acquire and maintain control over conquered territories, turning correlations into causal relations. Our contribution unveils the existence of an institutional mechanism behind the differences in some important drivers of economic growth across Italian provinces prior to Unification.

O esporte como atividade complementar curricular: uma análise a partir da teoria do capital social

As mudanças no cenário educacional nas últimas décadas têm fomentado novas perspectivas para a formulação e implementação de políticas públicas, pelas quais as políticas públicas educacionais gradativamente são orientadas para processos de ampliação da jornada escolar paliativos, pois são focadas em atividades complementares curriculares. O esporte, caracterizado como fenômeno social inserido no ambiente escolar, constitui um dos principais eixos articuladores de tais políticas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é estabelecer os pressupostos teóricos do debate sobre as possibilidades que o esporte apresenta de fomentar as bases do capital social das comunidades escolares. Foram analisados os documentos que orientam a política de atividades complementares curriculares do estado do Paraná e concluiu-se que o esporte, enquanto ação educativa poderia potencializar a acumulação de capital social com base em princípios, normas e valores específicos de grupos sociais com interesses comuns.

Недовіра громадян до публічних службовців в Україні: історичні передумови та етичні шляхи усунення

Оцінено довіру між громадянами і публічними службовцями як важливий соціальний капітал, який належно не функціонує в українському суспільстві. З’ясовано історично-психологічні причини формування в українській суспільній свідомості упередженого ставлення до представників влади. Акцентовано на важливості перебудови морально-ціннісних засад і стилю взаємин між чиновниками і громадянами. Етизацію публічної служби України розглянуто як шлях налагодження довірливих відносин між громадянами та публічними службовцями, що сприятиме консолідації українського суспільства.

Social network engagement and subjective well-being: a life-course perspective.

Social networking is a digital phenomenon embraced by billions worldwide. Use of online social platforms has the potential to generate a number of benefits including to well-being from enhanced social connectedness and social capital accumulation, but is also associated with several negative behaviours and impacts. Employing a life-course perspective, this paper explores social networking use and its relationship with measures of subjective well-being. Large-scale UK panel data from wave 3 (2011-12) and 6 (2014-15) of Understanding Society reveals that social network users are on average younger, aged under 25, but that rising use is reported across the life-course including into old age. Probit, multinomial logistic, and ANCOVA and change-score estimations reveal that membership, and greater use, of social networks is associated with higher levels of overall life satisfaction. However, heavy use of social networking sites has negative impacts, reflected in reductions in subjective well-being. Socio-economic disadvantage may drive these impacts among young (in education), unemployed and economically inactive heavy SNS users.

Identities as an Everyday Life Strategy: A Case Study of Vietnamese Marriage Immigrant Women in Taiwan

This paper discusses the identity complex of Vietnamese marriage immigrants in Taiwan through aspects of everyday life such as food preference and cooking, vehicle ownership and access, leisure, and religious belief. These are in parallel with acculturation, cultural hegemony, spatial and social mobility, social network-building, social capital accumulation, and the strategy of resistance to the stigmatisation of prearranged remittances. This article also analyses identities as pragmatic strategies for Vietnamese wives to demonstrate their agency, and negotiate and bargain their social places within the Chinese-dominated cultural sphere through conforming to mainstream ideologies and acquiring social capital in the local community. The relationship between happiness and identities construction is examined, too. The methodology is based upon in-depth interviews and participant observations undertaken during ethnographic fieldwork in Taiwan.

Середній клас у системі відтворення соціального капіталу

In the article, the role of the middle class in the reproduction of social capital is investigated. For this aim, the dynamics, structure, values, and economic interests of the middle class in Ukraine and its influence on the formation of social capital are characterized. It has been found that the development of social capital depends on a number of institutional conditions and economic factors, one of which is the size and dynamics of the middle class. Based on different criteria, the number of middle class in Ukraine is defined. The specificity of the middle class formation in Ukraine has been clarified. The relationship between the dynamics of income and the size of the middle class has been identified. The structure of the middle class in Ukraine and its readiness for economic change and social transformation are specified. The common interests of the middle class with other strata are identified, which gives grounds for defining the status of the middle class and its ability to perform a communicative function and a special role in the development of civil society and open social capital. Generally speaking, the middle class is the nucleus of social capital. The factors of accumulation and destruction of social capital in Ukraine are revealed. The negative impact of the increasing inequality in income distribution, the spread of poverty and the increase in the share of the unemployed on the formation of the middle class and, accordingly, social capital, are investigated. There is a correlation between the uneven distribution of income, institutional confidence and the work of social elevators. The role of the middle class in building the bridging and strengthening the bonding social capital is specified. The participation of middle class representatives in the formation of economic inquiries and the development of volunteer communities was clarified. Generally, the role of the middle class in the reproduction of social capital is linked to ensuring the development of civil society and economic democratization.

РОЛЬ ГРОМАДЯНСЬКОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ У ФОРМУВАННІ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО КАПІТАЛУ МІСТА

The article analyzes citizenship as a value system of a person (interests, principles, beliefs, ideas), which are the motives of his or her activism. Traditionally, this phenomenon has been studied through the connection of the individual with the social community, where activity is a systemic social quality, and public interests dominate over the individual. Another approach considers activity as an opportunity for a person to realize his or her interests and needs, combining individualism with various forms of solidarity and mutual assistance. This constructive view is consistent with the principles of subsidiary democracy and expands the field of civic participation. Activity is defined as a system of human value orientations that motivate it to conscious actions aimed to the implementation of cultural, social, political and civic values, with a reasonable ratio of personal and social. In the information society, new forms of activity took shape, namely: discussions and propaganda of one's own position in social networks, mobilization of participation. Public associations form a sense of trust, solidarity, social responsibility, civic patriotism, and contribute to the accumulation of social capital. In connection with the processes of decentralization, the issue of participation in urban communities is of particular relevance, as cities create the country's economic and cultural power. The results of a sociological study in the city of Melitopol indicate that the national-patriotic, environmental, charitable and volunteer organizations are the most significant for its residents. At the same time, the majority of respondents take part in their activities situationally, but consciously and voluntarily, which is consistent with national trends. The city has a certain resource of civic participation, which can help to increase its social capital.

Social investment as a source of social capital accumulation

Social investment as a source of social capital accumulation

Analysis of Malaysia’s Smart Cities’ Impact on Income, Expenditure, and Social Capital

Smart cities are able to automate routine functions towards improving quality of life (Piro et al., 2014); (Batty et al., 2012). While the smart cities are filled with firms experiencing higher rates of return, the impact on marginalised lower income group are negatively impacted due to the changes in urban landscape which cause “spirals of gentrification” which then led to “geographical polarisation” (Graham, 2002; Hollands, 2008). This study analysed secondary data and found increasingly income inequality – households are earning higher income but income distribution and gap are increasing. Social capital accumulation, housing, and expenditure gaps are increasingly observed in Penang, Johor, and the Greater Kuala Lumpur region.

Opportunities and Barriers for Smart Rural Development in Poland in Light of Field Studies

Summary Subject and purpose of work: The paper focuses on identifying and assessing selected conditions and limitations of smart rural development in Poland. The concepts of smart development pointed out in the literature were used to analyse the results of field studies carried out in 2011 and 2016 in ten purposefully selected villages located in various regions of the country. Materials and methods: The conclusions were drawn on the basis of empirical material which took a form of quantitative data and qualitative information gathered from the interviews with village mayors (sołtys) and observations of the interviewers. For the purpose of the paper the statistical methods were used and the analysis of the content of responses was performed. Results and conclusions: The results of the surveys indicated a presence of both the potential of smart development in the surveyed villages and the barriers to it. The important determinants to activate local economic progress based on knowledge, education and new technologies were connected mainly with a convenient location and the environmental and cultural resources available. As for an insufficient level of valorisation of the aforementioned elements, it proved to be an obstacle to this process, which was largely due to the limited accumulation of human and social capital.

Community Governance and Social Capital Accumulation in Shanghai

No abstract

Размерности социального капитала

Objective: to describe the manifestations of social capital in the context of the main factors affecting its formation, which will enable to systematize the existing ideas about the dimensions of social capital.Methods: abstract-logical and dialectical, phenomenological methods.Results: social capital is an important concept in the economic system, but it is difficult to identify and measure. The article analyzes the phenomenon of social capital, as well as approaches to its definition. Based on the literature analysis, five sections are identified in which the concept of social capital is characterized. It is shown that the institutional environment is the basis for the formation of social capital. It is revealed that the individual qualities of a personality can both contribute (emotional intelligence, etc.) and prevent (closeness for communication, inability to listen, conflict-generating character, etc.) the accumulation of social capital. The content of the concept of family social capital is shown. The predominant influence of social capital on the development of small firms in comparison with medium and large organizations is revealed. The influence of civic activity on economic development through social capital is studied.Scientific novelty: five dimensions of social capital are identified: 1) social capital and individual qualities of personality;2) social capital and family ties; 3) social capital and corporate culture; 4) social capital and civic activity; 5) social capital and institutional environment. It is determined how these patterns affect economic development.Practical significance: the understanding of the main dimensions of social capital revealed in the work makes it urgent to identify the structure of social capital, and creates a basis for further research in this area.