Dynamics Of Accumulation Research Articles

Dynamics of miRNA accumulation during C. elegans larval development.

Temporally and spatially controlled accumulation underlies the functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) in various developmental processes. In Caenorhabditis elegans, this is exemplified by the temporal patterning miRNAs lin-4 and let-7, but for most miRNAs, developmental expression patterns remain poorly resolved. Indeed, experimentally observed long half-lives may constrain possible dynamics. Here, we profile miRNA expression throughout C. elegans postembryonic development at high temporal resolution, which identifies dynamically expressed miRNAs. We use mathematical models to explore the underlying mechanisms. For let-7, we can explain, and experimentally confirm, a striking stepwise accumulation pattern through a combination of rhythmic transcription and stage-specific regulation of precursor processing by the RNA-binding protein LIN-28. By contrast, the dynamics of several other miRNAs cannot be explained by regulation of production rates alone. Specifically, we show that a combination of oscillatory transcription and rhythmic decay drive rhythmic accumulation of miR-235, orthologous to miR-92 in other animals. We demonstrate that decay of miR-235 and additional miRNAs depends on EBAX-1, previously implicated in target-directed miRNA degradation (TDMD). Taken together, our results provide insight into dynamic miRNA decay and establish a resource to studying both the developmental functions of, and the regulatory mechanisms acting on, miRNAs.

Intracranial electroencephalography reveals effector-independent evidence accumulation dynamics in multiple human brain regions.

Neural representations of perceptual decision formation that are abstracted from specific motor requirements have previously been identified in humans using non-invasive electrophysiology; however, it is currently unclear where these originate in the brain. Here we capitalized on the high spatiotemporal precision of intracranial EEG to localize such abstract decision signals. Participants undergoing invasive electrophysiological monitoring for epilepsy were asked to judge the direction of random-dot stimuli and respond either with a speeded button press (N = 24), or vocally, after a randomized delay (N = 12). We found a widely distributed motor-independent network of regions where high-frequency activity exhibited key characteristics consistent with evidence accumulation, including a gradual buildup that was modulated by the strength of the sensory evidence, and an amplitude that predicted participants' choice accuracy and response time. Our findings offer a new view on the brain networks governing human decision-making.

Morphodynamics and heavy metal accumulation in an artificially built near-natural river (Inde, Germany)

Heavy metals in riverine sediments threaten fluvial ecosystems worldwide. Sediment cascades transporting the compounds downstream lead to pollution stress downstream from the original input source. In regulated rivers, artificially built reaches with re-activated morphodynamics and morphological structures may become typical sink areas for contaminants. Therefore, a thorough understanding of transport mechanisms and accumulation dynamics is the key to managing enhanced heavy metal concentrations in alluvial sediments. In this study, we investigate a morphologically diverse 12 km-long river reach of the Inde River in Germany, that was relocated in 2005 due to an open-pit lignite mine. As the Inde catchment is a former industrial hotspot (beginning in the Iron Age; golden age at the end of the nineteenth century), the floodplain sediments that accumulated since the construction of the Neue Inde are enriched in heavy metals. The structures and sediments of the relocation are recycled repeatedly, causing the mixing of contaminated and uncontaminated sediments. The Neue Inde is an important sediment trap, especially due to the river’s intense regulation immediately upstream. Thereby, the input of sediments enriched in heavy metals into the receiving waters, the Rur River, is limited. So far, it is unclear whether there is a threshold of sediment storage that, if exceeded, turns the Neue Inde from a sink to a source. The morphodynamical development of artificially built river reaches mainly depends on the restoration design in terms of initially built morphological structures and the width of the river corridor.

ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ ОРГАНИЧЕСКОГО ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЯ В ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СХЕМЕ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ ВИНОГРАДА

ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ ОРГАНИЧЕСКОГО ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЯ В ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СХЕМЕ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ ВИНОГРАДА

ARMOSA Model Parametrization for Winter Durum Wheat Cultivation under Diverse Cropping Management Practices in a Mediterranean Environment

In anticipation of climate changes, strategic soil management, encompassing reduced tillage and optimized crop residue utilization, emerges as a pivotal strategy for climate impact mitigation. Evaluating the transition from conventional to conservative cropping systems, especially the equilibrium shift in the medium to long term, is essential. ARMOSA, a robust crop simulation model, adeptly responds to varied soil management practices such as no tillage, minimum tillage, and specific straw management options such as chopping and incorporating crop residue into the soil (with or without prior nitrogen and water addition before ploughing). It effectively captures dynamic fluctuations in total organic carbon over an extended period. While challenges persist in precisely predicting grain yield due to climatic intricacies, ARMOSA stands out as a valuable and versatile tool. The model excels in comprehending and simulating wheat cultivar responses in dynamic agricultural ecosystems, shedding light on phenological patterns, biomass accumulation, and soil organic carbon dynamics. This research significantly advances our understanding of the intricate complexities associated with past wheat cultivation in diverse environmental conditions. ARMOSA’s ability to inform decisions on conservation practices positions it as a valuable asset for researchers, agronomists, and policymakers navigating the challenges of sustainable agriculture amidst climate change. Its real-world significance lies in its potential to guide informed decisions, contributing to global efforts in sustainable agriculture and climate resilience.

Polycrisis and the metamorphosis of tourism capitalism

While the disruption caused by the COVID19 pandemic has receded, tourism capitalism continues to be imbricated in multiple and intersecting crises. This paper argues that the roots of such crises and the manner of their unfolding do not merely ‘impact’ tourism but have been incubated within and shaped by the structural dynamics of tourism capital accumulation itself. This paper draws on a historical materialist epistemology and critical theorization of capitalism to challenge orthodox framings of tourism crises and their deep-rooted structural drivers. The paper reflects on the nature of crises in relation to the mutations of Spanish tourism capitalism and the continual efforts to resolve the crisis-prone nature of tourism.

The Effect of Various Tillage Methods and Meliorants Application against their Background on the Dynamics of Macronutrients Accumulation in the Winter Wheat Plants and their Output via Crop Yield

The article presents the results of two-year investigations related to the effect of different soil cultivation methods, application times of equal doses of mineral and organic fertilizers and bio-humus with bentonite application against their background on the dynamics of macronutrients accumulation and their removal/ output through the crop yield. Considering the changes in the winter wheat growth, development, and yield capacity under the effect of different soil tillage methods, as well as the applied fertilizers and bentonite in rainfed conditions, and also the nutrition characteristics, to get high and sustainable yield the cultivation of winter wheat should be implemented only through loosening method, while fertilization should be implemented by introducing natural rock bentonite into the soil either on the background of mineral fertilizers (N60P60K60) or bio humus (3.5 t/հa) in autumn, as a result of which the soil air, nutrition and humidity regimes improve, favorable conditions are created for the regular growth and development of the plant and 48.8-52 c/ha grain and 89-96 c/ha straw yield is ensured.

Litho- and biostratigraphy of the Holocene sediments in the southern part of Lake Ladoga

We present the results of study sediment core, taken in the southern part of Lake Ladoga at the depth of 44 m. The sediments are gray silt with total thickness of 0.8 m. Diatom and loss-on-ignition and grain-size analyzes and radiocarbon dating were carried out. The retrieved sediments formed during the Holocene starting from the regression of the Ancylus Lake at the Baltic ca. 10,200 cal. BP. Changes in the composition of diatom assemblages and the dynamics of organic accumulation correspond to the typical scenarios that we recorded in the Holocene sediments in the central part of Lake Ladoga. No sedimentary hiatuses were recorded. Thus, it has been established that aquatic, relatively deep-water conditions existed in this part of the Ladoga basin starting from the Early Holocene with the accumulation of fine-grained sediments.

Policrisis y metamorfosis del capitalismo turístico

While the disruption caused by the pandemic has receded, tourism capitalism continues to be im‐ bricated in multiple and intersecting crises. This paper argues that the roots of such crises and the manner of their unfolding do not merely ‘impact’ tourism but have been incubated within and shaped by the structur‐ al dynamics of tourism capital accumulation itself. This paper draws on a historical materialist epistemology and critical theorization of capitalism to challenge orthodox framings of tourism crises and their deep‐rooted structural drivers. Finally, the paper reflects on the nature of crises in relation to the mutations of Spanish tourism capitalism and the continual efforts to resolve the crisis‐prone nature of tourism.

Effects of climate warming on the dynamics of mineral elements accumulation in Solanum tuberosum L.

A simulated experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of climate warming on the bioaccumulation, translocation and distributions of mineral elements in Solanum tuberosum L. by increasing temperature and CO2 concentration in an artificial climate greenhouse. The objective was to explore the effects of global warming on crop mineral nutrition and the long-term effects on agricultural ecology. The results showed that the bioaccumulation of Cu, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Cd in Solanum tuberosum L increased in whole plant with the combined increase of temperature and CO2 concentration. The mineral elements in leaves, stems, tubers, and root tissues of Solanum tuberosum L showed different changes, and the trend and degree of change vary depending on the element. The migration of most elements from roots to leaves and stems showed a slight increase with the increasing of temperature and the concentration of CO2, while the migration from roots to tubers remained relatively stable. In addition, the available content of most mineral elements (except K) in the soil increased with increasing temperature and CO2 concentration. These results suggested that climate warming could change the bioaccumulation, migration, and distribution dynamics of mineral elements in Solanum tuberosum L.

Dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation in the litter of silver birch growing in different environmental conditions

The paper presents the data from a study of nitrogen and phosphorus content in the litter of silver birch growing in different environmental conditions. The research object was 20- to 25-year-old silver birch trees. The observation plots were laid on the planned dump of the Kedrovsky open-pit coal mine with the application of a potentially fertile soil layer (PFL) and without applying PFL, as well as on the Kuzbass Botanical Garden territory (control). The research was conducted using common methods. The study aims to assess the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the litter of silver birch growing in different environmental conditions. The maximal accumulation of nitrogen was observed in the control zone, of phosphorus – on the planned mine waste dump with PFL application. The studies have shown that the application of PFL has a positive effect on nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation in birch litter.

Species Sensitivity Distributions: Understanding Ocean Acidification’s Impact on Marine Biota

This research paper investigates the repercussions of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems, focusing on the sensitivity of diverse taxa to changing pH stages. Drawing from recent research, we discover the complicated interaction among climate change, contaminant accumulation, and atmosphere dynamics, with a particular emphasis on coastal regions reliant on fisheries. Through a complete assessment, we recognize substantial differences in sensitivity amongst calcifying taxa, highlighting the implications for each polar and temperate/tropical region. Furthermore, we propose tailored management techniques relying on distinct climate zones and taxonomic groups to mitigate the destructive effects of ocean acidification. Our sensitivity analyses monitoring of capability shifts in Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSDs) under preindustrial pH situations, underscoring the importance of historic baselines in predicting future influences. This paper contributes to our understanding of how ocean acidification threatens marine biodiversity and underscores the urgency of implementing efficient conservation measures.

From Anatolian Plateau to American Plains: A transcontinental assessment of the EUMETSAT H SAF’s new generation snow water equivalent product over Türkiye and the conterminous U.S.

The main frame of this paper is to present the first validation results of the new generation hemi-spherical daily snow water equivalent (SWE) product of the EUMETSAT H SAF, namely, H65. It utilizes data from passive microwave radiometry sensors to estimate SWE. Operating at a suitable spatial scale, it offers insights into snow accumulation and melting dynamics, advancing satellite-based snow monitoring across diverse regions. The validation period covers the 2021 snow year, from January to March 2021, during which the dry snow conditions prevail. The validation is conducted in two distinct geographic regions, Türkiye, and the conterminous U.S. For Türkiye, the in-situ snow depth measurements provided by the Turkish State Meteorological Service are employed. On the other hand, the 1-km gridded SWE dataset of NOAA National Ice and Snow Data Center is used in the validation over the U.S. The validation results over Türkiye yields an overall RMSE of 39.27 mm, whereas it reads 15.19 mm for the U.S. These results indicate that the H65 SWE product complies with the product requirement thresholds for both flat (40 mm) and mountainous (45 mm) areas.

Organic matter in the lacustrine sediments of the Kama-Keltma lowland (Cis-Urals): assessment of distribution and dynamics in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene

The short communication article presents the results of analyses of the lacustrine sediments of Novozhilovo and Chelvinskoe lakes, located at the Kama-Vychegda watershed. Big set (209) of sediments samples from three wells were analyzed by the loss on ignition (550 °C) method. Age of cores and the rate of sediment accumulation were based on the 14 radiocarbon dates. Six stages of deposits accumulation and nature dynamics during the Late Glacial and Holocene in the lakes catchment area are proposed. The first stage (14.15 – 13.5 cal. kyr BP) is characterized by high rates of deposits accumulation at low values of organic matter content, indicating alluvial sedimentogenesis. Peak of accumulation rates as well as a sharp rise in bioaccumulation were observed during the second stage (13.5 – 12.4 cal. kyr BP), which is interpreted as stabilization of the lake level and external environmental conditions. During the third stage (12.4 – 10.7 cal. kyr BP), the sediment accumulation rate decreases rapidly, reaching a minimum by the end of the period. The organic matter content also decreases significantly (to 30 %). The short-term fourth period (10.7 – 10.0 cal. kyr BP) records the transition from the Late Pleistocene (dominance of rarefied periglacial vegetation) to the Early Holocene (predominance of forest communities). This is marked by a drastic increase in the loss on ignition values (up to 92-95%). During the fifth stage (10.0 – 8.8 cal. kyr BP), the sediments accumulation rate increases and the organic matter content decreases to 77-82%. Synchronously with some increase in the concentration of mineral particles. Smoothing of the loss on ignition curve (average values - 92-96%), a marked increase in the sediment accumulation rate during the sixth stage (8.8 - 5.0 cal. kyr BP) probably indicates the stabilisation of external conditions in the lake catchment.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ КАМЕРЫ ГОРЯЕВА ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ КОНЦЕНТРАЦИИ TRYPANOSOMA EQUIPERDUM У ЛАБОРАТОРНЫХ ЖИВОТНЫХ

This article reflects the results of studies on the possibility of using the Goryaev chamber to determine concentration of parasitemia of the Trypanosoma equiperdum strain in laboratory animals, as one of the quick and convenient methods for determining the accumulation kinetics. The research findings revealed that the Goryaev camera is recommended to be used with a minimum dilution of biological samples (blood) of 1:100, and the use of 1x40 microscope magnification can be used as a method for determining the accumulation dynamics of the Trypanosoma equiperdum strain in laboratory animals, allowing one to determine the concentration of trypanosomes at various stages of parasitemia, starting from the first days of infection and the detection of single trypanosomes, and ending with the last days of infection at high concentrations and dilutions of 1:200 or more. The study of the kinetics of trypanosome accumulation is a pressing issue, allowing assessing the rate of parasitemia in laboratory and industrial conditions, as well as organizing the production of diagnostic test systems and kits. The study used parasitological methods of infection and assessment of the kinetics of trypanosome accumulation. The practical significance of the study is associated with the possibility of using the presented method in industrial conditions of accumulation of trypanosomes both in laboratory animals (mice, rats) and in target animals (horses, donkeys).

Cadmium accumulation dynamics in the rice endosperm during grain filling revealed by autoradiography.

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the environmental pollutants contaminated in our food. Several previous reports showed that rice polishing cannot be efficient to reduce Cd content in white rice, implying the characteristic Cd distribution in rice grain. However, Cd distribution has not been fully elucidated so far. Herein, 109Cd radiotracer experiment was performed using the rice seedlings at various time points after flowering to obtain autoradiographs of the brown rice to visually understand the Cd transport and distribution during the grain-filling process. It was shown that 109Cd accumulated in the outermost area of the brown rice, and also in the middle part of the starchy endosperm, resulting in the appearance of the double circle distribution pattern, which was not observed in the autoradiographs of 65Zn. The inner circle of 109Cd located around the center of the endosperm was developed particularly at around 8 and 10 days after flowering. After this period, 109Cd started to deposit at the outer part of the endosperm, which was also found in the autoradiograph of 14C-sucrose. Considering the physiology of grain development, the contribution of water transport and protein synthesis in the endosperm on the characteristic Cd distribution pattern was hypothesized.

MicroRNA Transcriptomes Reveal Prevalence of Rare and Species-Specific Arm Switching Events During Zebrafish Ontogenesis.

In metazoans, microRNAs (miRNAs) are essential regulators of gene expression, affecting critical cellular processes from differentiation and proliferation, to homeostasis. During miRNA biogenesis, the miRNA strand that loads onto the RNA-induced Silencing Complex (RISC) can vary, leading to changes in gene targeting and modulation of biological pathways. To investigate the impact of these "arm switching" events on gene regulation, we analyzed a diverse range of tissues and developmental stages in zebrafish by comparing 5p and 3p arms accumulation dynamics between embryonic developmental stages, adult tissues, and sexes. We also compared variable arm usage patterns observed in zebrafish to other vertebrates including arm switching data from fish, birds, and mammals. Our comprehensive analysis revealed that variable arm usage events predominantly take place during embryonic development. It is also noteworthy that isomiR occurrence correlates to changes in arm selection evidencing an important role of microRNA distinct isoforms in reinforcing and modifying gene regulation by promoting dynamics switches on miRNA 5p and 3p arms accumulation. Our results shed new light on the emergence and coordination of gene expression regulation and pave the way for future investigations in this field.

Dynamics of collection accumulation: estimation of research efforts on the example of the mammal fauna of Cherkasy oblast, Ukraine

The article deals with the dynamics of the amassment of natural history collections on the example of one of the regions of Ukraine, the fauna of which is under constant attention of researchers. This region is the Middle Dnipro Region, namely Cherkasy Oblast in general and Kaniv Nature Reserve in particular, which are the sites of long-term monitoring studies of fauna and bases for conducting field research and field practices of students. The dynamics of collections development is considered on the example of the collections of the National Museum of Natural History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The article shows the continuity of specimen income to the collections and, at the same time, significant changes in the dynamics of such income. Several indicators that can reflect the dynamics of research efforts are proposed. The decades (1900–1919, etc.) are chosen as time periods, and the variables are the total number of specimens per decade and the total number of families they represent. These indicators can be used to evaluate three dependent notions: in terms of fieldwork, the completeness of the captures (records); in terms of research history, the intensity of research; and in terms of museology, the abundance of collections. Among the indicators tested are the geometric mean (SQRT (Nfam × Nsp)), the quadratic mean (SQRT [(Nfam2 + Nsp2) / 2]) and the Simpson diversity index (1 / ∑ (pi)2). The first two indicators are highly dependent on sample sizes and therefore vary widely; and for this reason, the author recommends using with Simpson’s diversity index. It can be used to estimate the distribution of not only the number of specimens by family for each decade (essentially a comparison of family abundance), but also any other distributions, replacing families with genera or orders and changing the analysis periods depending on the amount of available data. The term ‘research effort’ can be used as a synonym for ‘collecting effort’, which can be found in the publications of English-speaking colleagues. The algorithm for assessing ‘research effort’ is an important tool in analysing the history of collections, levels of research on regions, and the history of research.

OVERGROWN AGRICULTURAL LANDS AS A POTENTIAL FOR NATURAL DECARBONIZATION OF OIL AND GAS FIELDS

In the north-western part of the Republic of Bashkortostan there are a large number of oil and gas fields, which are located on abandoned agricultural lands. Taking into account the increased level of impact on forest phytocenoses of natural and artificial origin in this zone, it becomes necessary to study the volume of carbon uptake by woody vegetation. To fulfill this goal, the tasks of carrying out an inventory of overgrown agricultural lands, entering coordinates of the boundaries of oil and gas fields into geoinformation projects and applying the results of digitization of overgrown agricultural lands to the boundaries of oil and gas fields are set. The study covers 18 municipal districts: Askinsky, Bakalinsky, Baltachevsky, Belebeyevsky, Bizhbulyaksky, Blagoveshchensky, Buraevsky, Dyurtyulinsky, Ilishevsky, Kaltasinsky, Karaidelsky, Krasnokamsky, Kushnarenkovsky, Mishkinsky, Tatyshlinsky, Tuymazinsky. Sharansky, Yanaulsky. The Q-GIS program defines the areas of overgrown areas. According to satellite images, 4 stages of overgrowth have been identified: the fourth (the age of trees is 20 years or more), the third (the age of trees is about 15 years), the second (the age of trees is about 10 years) and the first (the age of trees is up to 5 years). The main breeds that ensure overgrowth are pine and birch. The results of the study demonstrate an increase from 1985 to 2022 for the forest area by 20.41% for the north of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Calculation of accumulated carbon with subsequent conversion into carbon units and assessment of their value showed that at the moment the stand of overgrown agricultural land has already accumulated about 182 thousand tons of carbon units. About 135 thousand tons of carbon units are deposited annually. The high dynamics of carbon accumulation by woody vegetation allows us to assume with a high degree of probability that agricultural lands overgrown with forest, when implementing certain forestry measures, can be the basis for the implementation of costeffective climate projects for both owners of licensed plots and other interested parties. According to the results of our work, the use of the Severo-Kushkul and Mishidinsky license areas of oil and gas fields is promising for forest-climatic projects.

Dynamics of biomass accumulation in the wheat callus under the influence of exogenous phenolic compounds

It is known that in vitro cell culture conditions can activate the synthesis of phenolic compounds and change the phenolic metabolism of the culture. This can be achieved by changing the components of the environment, lighting conditions, and adding precursor substances involved in the biosynthesis of certain phenolic compounds to the cultivation medium. However, there are very few studies on the influence of exogenous phenolic compounds on the processes associated with callus induction in in vitro wheat cultures. Therefore, we aimed to study the influence of exogenous phenolic compounds and their precursors on the induction of callusogenesis and proliferation processes. In order to study the effect of exogenous phenolic compounds on the processes of callusogenesis and proliferation in the callus culture of wheat, standard and 5 other variants of nutrient media were prepared. The maximum accumulation of biomass occurs in the 5th week of cultivation. Typically, at week 5, the callus culture transitioned to the stationary growth phase. In conclusion, the D -2,4 D + Ferulic acid + (PPhA) medium proved to be the best among the tested media options for studying the dynamics of callus biomass accumulation under the influence of exogenous phenolic compounds. Keywords: Phenolic compounds, precursors, biomass, proliferation, elicitor