Accommodative Spasm Research Articles

RECURRENT UNILATERAL ACCOMMODATIVE SPASM AND MIOSIS.

RECURRENT UNILATERAL ACCOMMODATIVE SPASM AND MIOSIS.

Functional spasm of accommodation.

Functional spasm of accommodation.

Functional Spasm of Accommodation [Summary

Functional Spasm of Accommodation [<i>Summary</i>

Spasm of the Near Reflex

The entity which we have called spasm of the near reflex 1 has been infrequently described in the literature, and then under such names as spasm of accommodation, ocular spasm, and convergent spasm. It is characterized by intermittent and usually painful convergence, accommodation, and miosis. Although reported in association with neurologic * and vestibular † disease, it is generally attributed to hysteria. Nevertheless, the cases reported have been isolated instances, and, except for a collation of cases in Wilbrand and Saenger's text, 7 no comprehensive series has been reported heretofore. We have had the opportunity to study 16 cases. It is our purpose to summarize these cases with specific reference to signs and symptoms, age and sex, etiologic factors, and treatment. These cases are presented individually in the Addendum. It was found impossible to review adequately the cases in the literature, for, while some clear-cut instances have been described, the majority

Transient monocular blindness associated with hemiplegia.

INTRODUCTION TEMPORARY obscuration of vision, unilateral or bilateral is not uncommon, especially if under that heading one includes the transient amaurosis associated with spasm of accommodation, glaucoma, and hysteria. The visual disturbance accompanying migraine is another common example. Rarer causes of intermittent blindness include eclampsia, lead poisoning, ergot poisoning, malaria, quinine and tobacco intoxication, polycythaemia rubra vera, and paroxysmal hemoglobinuria. Circulatory deficiency in the territory of the basilar and posterior cerebral arteries may also occasion transient disturbances in vision. The bizarre, rapidly changing field defects complained of in the presence of papilledema, particularly when it is due to intracranial venous thrombosis, are less well known. In addition to the above types, however, there is a fairly large number of cases of periodic blindness in which the principal derangement is an interruption of the retinal blood flow, usually of one eye only. It is this group of cases which is under

USE OF DIISOPROPYL FLUOROPHOSPHATE ("DFP") IN TREATMENT OF GLAUCOMA

DIISOPROPYL fluorophosphate ("DFP") has been shown to have a marked and prolonged miotic effect in normal men and animals.¹The miosis may be accompanied with spasm of accommodation and ciliary pain.²These effects have been shown to be due entirely to the inactivation of cholinesterase and not to direct action on the iris and ciliary muscle.³In this respect "DFP" is similar to physostigmine⁴and neostigmine,⁵but in its reaction with cholinesterase it is at least five and a half times as potent and much more persistent than physostigmine.⁶"DFP" can also overcome the effects of atropine and homatropine on the pupil and ciliary muscle.³Finally, "DFP" has been shown to resemble physostigmine in its influence on the intraocular tension of normal human eyes,^1hdiffering, however, in that its effect is much more prolonged. Occasional normal human eyes show a rise in

Is Spasm of Accommodation a Cause of Myopia?

Is Spasm of Accommodation a Cause of Myopia?

Voluntary Control of Accommodation

Two cases are reported in which the patients could voluntarily bring accommodation into action while looking at distant objects. In the first case there is apparently a tendency to spasm of accommodation in infinity accompanied by excessive convergence, though the possibility of the reverse sequence cannot be entirely excluded; that is, the primary anomaly is a convergence excess accompanied by excessive innervation of accommodation. In the second case there is a subnormal accommodation impulse as well as a controlled accommodation. The existence of a high exophoria for near with the refraction error corrected is due to lack of innervation of the interni as a result of the relaxation of accommodation. The esotropia present without correction of the hyperopia is the ordinary accommodation squint. Read before the Section on Ophthalmology of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, April 18, 1935. Two cases are reported in which the patients could voluntarily bring accommodation into action while looking at distant objects. In the first case there is apparently a tendency to spasm of accommodation in infinity accompanied by excessive convergence, though the possibility of the reverse sequence cannot be entirely excluded; that is, the primary anomaly is a convergence excess accompanied by excessive innervation of accommodation. In the second case there is a subnormal accommodation impulse as well as a controlled accommodation. The existence of a high exophoria for near with the refraction error corrected is due to lack of innervation of the interni as a result of the relaxation of accommodation. The esotropia present without correction of the hyperopia is the ordinary accommodation squint. Read before the Section on Ophthalmology of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, April 18, 1935.

The Toxic Action of Emetin on the Eye

Abstract The report of accidental and experimental instillations of solutions of emetin into the eye, and their results, including a special form of irritation, myopia and spasm of accommodation.