Institutional Accommodation Research Articles

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities in adults.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder which begins in childhood. It is now recognized that ADHD persists into adolescence and adulthood in the majority of cases. Significant psychiatric comorbidity, particularly substance abuse, antisocial personality disorder, and mood and anxiety disorders occurs in adolescent and adult ADHD. Perhaps one fifth of childhood cases of ADHD may also have co-morbid learning disorder. Significant legal, academic, social, and occupational problems have been observed in adults with ADHD. The clinician faces a diagnostic and treatment challenge in trying to determine whether ADHD and learning disabilities (LDs) are present in the adult patient. Treatment and recommendations for accommodations in institutions of higher education and the workplace may rest on accurate discrimination between ADHD and LD.

People with schizophrenia and their families. Fifteen-year outcome.

This paper presents 15-year outcome data on place of residence, clinical and social morbidity and carer distress in a cohort of 179 people with schizophrenia who were living with their families in 1981-1982. Data on morbidity and carer distress were derived from replicated patient and informant interviews using standardised research instruments. Details of residence came from patient and informant interviews corroborated by case note information. Thirty-nine (22%) of the original 179 patients were dead and six (3%) lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 134 patients, 74 (55%) still lived with their families, 31 (23%) lived in institutional accommodation, 26 (19%) lived alone and 3 (2%) were homeless. There was little change in the level of clinical or social morbidity or carer distress. These findings suggest that most people with schizophrenia who live with their families remain significantly disabled by their illness, while their carers suffer ongoing distress. Mental health services should seek to support families who want to care for relatives with schizophrenia. Appropriate alternative accommodation must be provided when family care is not possible.

Looking the other way : The institutional accommodation of tree theft

The chronic inattention of U.S. Forest Service police to persistent tree theft provides an opportunity to explore police nonenforcement as institutional patterns of accommodation to deviance. Pattern analysis of qualitative data reveals three patterns of accommodation defined as Assimilatory, Anticipatory, and Atrophic. Theses types of accommodation are based in organizational philosophy that reflects a shared meaning of the forest community that is inconsistent with traditional views of crime and police. Patterns of accommodation preserve the cultural closeness between the Forest Service and the forest community by withholding the formal label of crime and the associated consequences. Accommodation of deviance serves to preserve the image of the forest community as a desirable place, frequented by honest people, requiring minimal policing.

The Design of Institutional Housing for the Aged

This comment deals with the design of institutional accommodation for the aged. It argues that conventional designs of this kind take a hospital model rather than a home model. It examines an example of recent nursing home construction in Adelaide where layout, design and operation attempt to provide a home environment within an institutional setting.

Some aspects concerning admittance to and accommodation in geriatric institutions housing persons with varying degrees of need for care.

On the basis of an account of the mortality and changes in the need for care over a 2-year period among independent persons and patients requiring care in De Gamles By, Copenhagen, an assessment is made of the movements of patients and the need for care in a model of a geriatric institution. This model includes both purpose-built residential apartments for independent persons and places for dependent patients requiring nursing care. It is shown that the accommodation for the latter patients rapidly becomes occupied by the independent persons from the residential apartments who subsequently need nursing care. Thus, the places in the nursing section are blocked for the admittance of dependent persons living in the community outside. This situation arises when there are equal numbers of both types of accomodation. Where the number of residential apartments is greater than the number of places in the nursing section the care function must be transferred to the residential apartments, and this is regarded as impracticable.

Chemotherapy in a Cairo Chest Clinic: A preliminary report on the methods adopted in assessing the value of izoniazid, streptomycin and paraminosalicylic acid in 122 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis

The results of chemotherapy in a group of 122 patients attending a chest clinic in the city of Cairo are presented. The reasons for advocating this innovation into dispensary practice in Egypt are given, and special reference is made to the extremely limited institutional accommodation in the country. During this trial no sensitivity testing or sputum culture facilities were possible, though this defect has since been remedied by co-operation between the Egyptian Government and WHO. The classificaiton used for patients under treatment is that recommended by the Expert Committee to the World Health Organisation, but which has not been widely adopted. It conforms to a modified code-system in which objective evidence of radiological signs and sputum examination are the two most important features. The cases are divided into tree groups: (a)) Cases with lesions on one or both sides of the chest with no suspicion of cavity formation; (a)) cases with lesions on one or both sides of the chest with suspicion of cavity formation; and (c)) cases with lesions on one or both sides of the chest with definite evidence of cavity formation. In the combined groups, radiological improvement was noted in 87 cases (71 per cent.); weight increase in 76 cases (62 per cent.); the general condition improved in 92 (75 cer cent.), and diminution in the bacillary count resulted in 42 cases (34 per cent.). Conversion of sputum was noted in 26 cases out of a total of 63 with positive sputa at the beginning of the trial (40 per cent.). No symptoms of toxicity were observed during the trial. A follow-up of 71 cases included in the first part of the study was made, and the difficulties associated with such a follow-up are described. The complete period of observation of these cases was from nine to thirteen months. Radiological improvement continued in 81 per cent., sputum conversion was maintained in 13 per cent., the bacillary count was reduced in 70 per cent., and weight increase and improvement in the general condition ranged from 70 to 80 per cent. It is concluded that, however much the findings may fall short of the ideal, there seems little doubt that they are in advance of what appertained in this country prior to the advent of chemotherapy. Good home-visiting services and supervision during the period of treatment are even more necessary in Cairo than in many other large centres of population. Chemotherapy must always be associated with an effective chest clinic practice, and never be regarded as a substitute for essential measures in tuberculosis control.

<italic>The Development of Religious Toleration in England: Attainment of the Theory and Accommodations in Thought and Institutions (1640–1660)</italic>. By W. K. Jordan, Associate Professor of History in the University of Chicago. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1940. Pp. 499. $5.00.)

The Development of Religious Toleration in England: Attainment of the Theory and Accommodations in Thought and Institutions (1640–1660). By W. K. Jordan, Associate Professor of History in the University of Chicago. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1940. Pp. 499. $5.00.) The Development of Religious Toleration in England: Attainment of the Theory and Accommodations in Thought and Institutions (1640–1660). By Jordan W. K., Associate Professor of History in the University of Chicago. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1940. Pp. 499. $5.00.) Ethyn Williams Kirby Ethyn Williams Kirby Providence, Rhode Island Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 47, Issue 2, January 1942, Pages 327–329, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/47.2.327 Published: 01 January 1942

The Development of Religious Toleration in England, Vol. IV: Attainment of the Theory and Accommodations in Thought and Institutions (1640-1660)

The Development of Religious Toleration in England, Vol. IV: Attainment of the Theory and Accommodations in Thought and Institutions (1640-1660)

The Development of Religious Toleration in England: Attainment of the Theory and Accommodations in Thought and Institutions (1640-1660). W. K. Jordan

Previous articleNext article No AccessCritical ReviewsThe Development of Religious Toleration in England: Attainment of the Theory and Accommodations in Thought and Institutions (1640-1660). W. K. Jordan John T. McNeillJohn T. McNeill Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Religion Volume 21, Number 4Oct., 1941 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/482815 Views: 5Total views on this site PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

The Development of Religious Toleration in England Attainment of the Theory and Accommodations in Thought and Institutions (1640–1660) By W. K. Jordan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1940. 499 pages. $5.00.

The Development of Religious Toleration in England Attainment of the Theory and Accommodations in Thought and Institutions (1640–1660) By W. K. Jordan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1940. 499 pages. $5.00. - Volume 10 Issue 3

Economic Expansion and the Moral Order

The purpose of this paper is to suggest the close relationship between economic development and movements of moral reform in Canada. From the beginning of Canadian history, organized attempts have been made to control such problems as intemperance, crime, gambling, juvenile delinquency, sexual promiscuity, and prostitution. These movements were indicative of a condition of disintegration of the mores, and their role was that of establishing a new moral code to govern behaviour. But disturbances which resulted in the breakdown of moral standards extended throughout the range of society, and affected the organization of economic and political life as well. Movements of moral reform, like those of an economic or political (or purely religious or cultural) character, were products of economic expansion.This fact becomes evident if consideration is given to the broad features of the social development of Canada. Beginning with the establishment of the fishing industry in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canadian development may be represented in terms of a series of stages marked by the emergence of new areas or forms of economic exploitation. The expansion of economic life involved new accommodations in economic, political, and social institutions, and the points of greatest social disturbance were to be found where the impacts of the new techniques of production were most felt. It was within these interstitial areas of social organization, where the traditional culture came in conflict with new economic developments, that movements of reform took their rise.

Sterilisation and Mental Deficiency

THE conditions which exist in a modern organised community are so exceedingly complicated that ability above the ordinary is demanded of those who would cope with them. The environment which man has created is not the optimal for many biological types, and this is certainly true of the certifiable mental defectives, whose numbers have doubled during the last twenty years, and of whom it is estimated there are now no less than 300,000 in England and Wales alone (Report of the Mental Deficiency Committee of the Boards of Education and Control, 1929). It has long been recognised that these require a special environment of their own in which they are not forced to compete with their normal fellow-men, and where they are out of harm's way; and so, for them, appropriate institutional accommodation has been devised. But the country is not prepared to find the money wherewith to provide such segregation for 300,000. In fact, only about 25,000 are thus sheltered. A further 50,000 are under guardianship, whilst the rest are scattered amongst the general population, relatively uncontrolled and unprotected, to constitute a most serious social problem.

Post-Encephalitis and its Problems

Attention to-day is chiefly focussed upon the consequences of encephalitis lethargica; the disabled victims of the disease present many problems, both medical and administrative.The disease has a high case-mortality; though the majority of deaths occur during the primary attack, in many cases death occurs at much longer intervals after onset; the death-rate is estimated at 35 to 40 per cent. From the after-histories of some 3,000 patients in London, Glasgow, Belfast, Manchester, Bristol, Sheffield and other large towns, it appears that about 40 per cent. of notified patients become disabled. Generally speaking, severe sequels are preceded by severe symptoms in the original attack, but the Parkinsonian syndrome is a noteworthy exception to this rule.Broadly classifying the sufferers from post-encephalitis, rather than the sequelae observed in this condition, the author discusses (a) those who suffer mainly from physical sequels; (b) those who chiefly show origin of mental deterioration; (c) those who exhibit demoralizations.The provision of suitable institutional accommodation for those with progressive physical disabilities (often combined with mental failing), the general re-training and education of the youngest victims and the training and control of adolescents with serious character-changes, constitute some of the problems of post-encephalitis.While advocating further research the author considers that for the present the welfare of the passive helpless adult is best secured by ad hoc arrangements under the Poor Law Authorities or Board of Guardians. The youngest patients, with a more hopeful prognosis, need special institutional care and training on some such lines as those of the Encephalitis Unit at Winchmore Hill. It is hoped that the Mental Deficiency Act, 1927, will prove of great help for the management of moral delinquents.

LONDON

<h3>The Prevention of the Marriage of the Mentally Deficient</h3> The mental hospitals committee of the London county council prepared a recommendation that the government be asked to promote legislation making illegal the marriage of a person who is the subject of an order for detention as a mental defective. The matter arose on a resolution from the Leicestershire county council calling for segregation of mental defectives, with a view to the prevention of the propagation of such persons. The Southampton, Derbyshire and Cornwall county councils had also sent resolutions in favor of preventing the marriage of the mentally defective, and making the burden of institutional accommodation for such persons a state charge. The London county council committee, while not prepared to endorse such broad proposals, was of opinion that it should be made illegal for any mentally defective person under a detention order to marry. They stated: "We have been

INSTITUTIONAL ACCOMMODATION: Committee of Inquiry

INSTITUTIONAL ACCOMMODATION: Committee of Inquiry

The Housing of the Insane in Victoria, with special reference to Licensed Houses and Border-line Cases

When the Australasian Medical Congress met in Melbourne, in 1889, I dealt with “The Housing of the Insane in Victoria, with Special Relation to the Boarding-out System of Treatment.” Since then I have had ample opportunity of satisfying myself that such a method of caring for and treating the harmless insane is not suited to our colonial life. Much personal attention was given to this matter, and I was not satisfied with the results, the majority of the patients being in the care of officials of the various hospitals practically as servants. This was given a trial, as the official staff were practically the only applicants, not that I believed in the advisability of granting them patients. I ceased doing so, because it was evident the cases were taken for what could be got out of them, a circumstance which existed also with other applicants. This method of caring for our accumulated insane population being demonstrated unsuitable, we perforce fell back upon institutional accommodation for the chronic harmless cases.