Accommodation Establishments Research Articles

Consumer Preferences of Accommodation Facilities’ Promotional Tool in Solano, Nueva Vizcaya

At various levels, the Philippine government has considered tourism one of its top development priorities to ensure its economic sustainability. Tourism industries are composed of restaurants, hotels, hospitality, any related to travel, tourist destinations, and transportation industries, and much of it revolves around keeping tourists happy and satisfied with their tourism activities. This research emphasizes consumer preferences for accommodation facilities and promotional tools in first-class municipalities. The study determined the effectiveness of the accommodation establishment’s promotional material among tourists through a quantitative analysis. The data was ga there dusing survey questionnaires, which included 60 respondents who stayed in the two selected accommodation facilities. The findings revealed that there is an equal number of male and female respondents in the two selected accommodation facilities in Solano, Nueva Vizcaya, most of whom earn a salary of Php.10,000-20,000 a month, single, frequent hotel guests coming from outside the province, and checking in for vacation. The findings also revealed that the respondents prefer price, packages desired, differentiation, and timing of packages offered to accessibility and something new. The study recommends that accommodation facilities differentiate their offerings by focusing on complimentary meals & loyalty programs.

The impact of paternalistic leadership approach on employees' performance and organizational identification: The case of Antalya

The research objective aims to investigate the effect of paternalistic leadership on employees' performance and organizational identification. The research has adopted the quantitative approach and data collected from a population comprised of employees in five-star accommodation establishments located in Antalya. To represent the research population, the convenience sampling method was used to determine the sample, and in the 2021 summer season, 380 questionnaires obtained from the sample were analyzed. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the scale variables. According to the results, a positive and significant relationship was found between paternalistic leadership perception, and employee performance and organizational identification. Paternalistic leadership perception explained 6% of the change in employee performance. In addition, paternalistic leadership behavior explained 11.1% of the variance of organizational identification. Significant and positive relationships were found between the subdimension of paternalist leadership (creating a family environment (t=3.073, p≤.01), expectation of loyalty and deference (t=2.061, p≤.05)), and organizational identification. Moreover, another positive relation was found between the subdimension of paternalist leadership (creating a family environment at the workplace (t=2.328, p≤.05)) and performance. This research will be the first study in the tourism sector in Turkey in terms of paternalistic leadership, employee performance, and organizational identification. Since there is no other study in the literature in which these three variables are investigated together in tourism studies, it will fill the gap in the field.

Women in the Gastronomy Arena: Gender-Based Experiences Encountered

In this study, the difficulties experienced by female kitchen workers in their profession due to their gender were examined. In the research, which specifically questioned sexual harassment and glass ceiling syndrome in the workplace, a phenomenological approach was adopted and a qualitative research method was preferred. In this context, various questions examining the obstacles in question were asked to female employees employed in the kitchen departments of three different four- and five-star accommodation establishments operating in Kuşadası. The findings indicate that women are partially hindered due to their gender. In addition, three of the participants stated that they were harassed in various ways (verbal or sexual), and one of them stated that he witnessed it in some way, even though he was not harassed. In line with the results obtained from the interviews conducted with nine participants, various inferences were made and various suggestions were presented to sector representatives and senior managers.

Organizational resilience and Human Resource Management Practices (HRMP) of accommodation establishments in Oriental Mindoro

Organizational resilience and Human Resource Management Practices (HRMP) of accommodation establishments in Oriental Mindoro

ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF THE HOTEL INDUSTRY IN EU COUNTRIES

Objective. The objective of the article is to analyze the main indicators of the functioning of the hotel industry in the EU countries and determine the current development trends. Methods. In order to achieve the set goals and objectives, the following research methods are used: analysis and synthesis (to determine indicators of the development of the hospitality industry of EU countries suitable for further analysis), statistical research, namely the construction and analysis of dynamic series (to determine and evaluate trends and regularities development of the hospitality industry of the EU countries), comparative analysis (for a country comparison of the EU countries hotel industry development indicators), cartographic method (for a visual demonstration of the spatial location of hotels and similar accommodation facilities in the EU countries), graphic and tabular methods (for a visual representation of statistical material ). Results. A study of the hotel industry development in EU countries is carried out based on the analysis of the main indicators of its functioning over the period 2012-2022, namely: the number of hotels and similar accommodation establishments; number of beds in hotels and similar accommodation establishments; the number of persons staying in accommodation establishments; number of overnight stays in accommodation establishments. The analysis of the main indicators of the EU countries hotel industry development in 2012-2022 allows us to identify the following trends: 1) constant growth in the number of hotels and similar accommodation facilities with an average growth rate of 2.19% and a negative growth of 3.8% in each of 2020; 2) significant national disparity in the number of hotels and similar accommodation facilities, as well as the rates of their positive and negative growth. Thus, the highest rates of growth were observed in Croatia, Romania, Slovenia, Portugal, Lithuania and Malta, while negative growth was recorded in Germany, Greece, Hungary, Finland, Luxembourg; 3) a significant difference in the number and dynamics of beds in hotels and similar accommodation facilities by EU countries. Thus, the largest increase in hotel capacity occurred in Croatia, Portugal, Slovenia and Lithuania, while the most significant negative increase was recorded in Hungary and Luxembourg; 4) a gradual steady increase in the number of arrivals at tourist accommodation establishments in the period 2012-2019 and a sharp decrease in 2020 by 53.28% under the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic and quarantine restrictions; 5) a gradual steady increase in the number of overnight stays in accommodation facilities of EU countries, their rapid reduction due to the impact of Covid-19 in 2020 (-50.54%) and the restoration of a positive trend in 2021 due to the relaxation of quarantine restrictions and the introduction of vaccination ( +28.8%).

The Moderating Role of Ethical Leadership In the Relationship Between Person-Organization Fit and Organizational Commitment: A Case Study In Accomodation Establishments

The main purpose of this study within this context is to determine the relationship between the organizational commitment levels of employees in accommodation establishments and person-organization fit in Izmir. And to determine whether ethical leaders have a moderating role and present the degree of influence in aforementioned relationship. The sample of the research consists of employees working in 4 and 5-star hotels in İzmir city center, Turkey. In the study, 447 questionnaires were obtained and the data were analyzed with quantitative research methods.
 It was found as a result of the SEM analysis that ethical leadership has an effect on person-organization fit and organizational commitment, and also person-organization fit has an effect on organizational commitment. Although there was a statistically significant effect between the variables of the study, it was determined that ethical leadership did not have a moderating role in the relationship between organizational commitment and person-organization fit. The outcome of the research was announced about the findings obtained, and suggestions for researchers and practitioners in the relevant literature are included within line with the outcomes.

Evaluation, classification and categorization of tourist accommodation for customer satisfaction: Puerto López case

The purpose of this research is the evaluation, classification and categorization of tourist accommodations as a contribution to improving customer satisfaction in the Puerto López destination. The type of research used was a non-experimental design of a descriptive -exploratory nature. The methods used were; analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive. The study addresses three phases, first, a diagnosis of the hotel sector, where sixty-seven establishments divided into types of hotels in Ecuador were identified, with the research focusing on four establishments. The second phase involves the evaluation, categorization and classification of accommodation establishments, and the third, the evaluation of customer satisfaction, through the application of surveys based on the SERQUAL model, identifying perceptions that are below expectations, demonstrating the poor quality of service. An improvement proposal was designed, with five strategies that led to the design of the programming, structured with four strategic axes as programs that compile thirty-one projects, as well as their respective indicators and those responsible

PROSPECTS OF THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ROBOTIC SYSTEMS IN THE HOTEL AND RESTAURANT BUSINESS

Objective. The purpose of the article is to analyze the prospects for the use of robotic systems and artificial intelligence in the hotel and restaurant business, to provide recommendations for the introduction of innovative technologies in the hotel and restaurant business. Methods. When studying the prospects of using artificial intelligence technologies in the hotel and restaurant business, analyzing robotic systems, such empirical and theoretical research methods were used as: Observation — to determine the dynamics of the development of the hotel and restaurant industry and their trends to identify changes. Deduction — to identify factors affecting the prospect of using robotic systems and artificial intelligence in the service market. Analysis — determining the reasons for the influence of factors on the restaurant business market. Comparison — to determine the results of the influence of factors on the functioning of hotel and restaurant business establishments, the use of data of accommodation establishments by the number of rooms. The results. According to the analysis of the hotel and restaurant business, the key factors affecting its competitiveness and success, especially when using the latest technologies, have been determined. Hotels are implementing innovative technologies, including robotic systems and artificial intelligence, demonstrating high occupancy and attractiveness for modern generations. When conducting an analysis of hotel occupancy in Japan, the main theses were summarized: - Hotel Henn na Hotel Tokyo Ginza with artificial intelligence and robots at the reception showed the highest level of occupancy - 88.8%, which shows the high interest of guests in the latest technologies and automated service. - Other hotels that do not use innovation have a lower level of occupancy, which emphasizes the importance of technological development to maintain competitiveness. In order to use the latest technologies to improve the hotel and restaurant business, a comprehensive digital system was proposed, including voice recognition, artificial intelligence (using GPT algorithms), and a Smart Home system. This creates a comfortable environment for guests and facilitates the work of the service staff. The result is that the implementation of innovations can positively affect hotel occupancy and ensure guest satisfaction, especially generations Y and Z. It was determined that innovations such as robotic systems and artificial intelligence allow businesses to attract more customers, in particular, people who appreciate modern technology and comfort. The use of complex digital systems can improve the competitiveness and efficiency of the hotel and restaurant business. These results indicate the prospects of innovations in the field of hotel and restaurant business, and their implementation can become a key success factor in the modern market environment.

The evaluation of (big) data integration methods in tourism

In view of many dynamic changes taking place in the modern world due to the pandemic, the migration crisis, armed conflicts, etc., it is a huge challenge for official statistics to provide good-quality information, which should be available almost in real time. In this context, integration of data from multiple sources, in particular big data, is a prerequisite. The aim of the article is to characterise and evaluate the following selected methods of data integration in tourism statistics: Natural Language Processing (NLP), machine learning algorithm, i.e. K-Nearest Neighbours (K-NN) using TF-IDF and N-gram techniques, and Fuzzy Matching, belonging to probabilistic methods. In tourism surveys, data acquired using web scraping deserve special attention. For this reason, the analysed methods were used to combine data from booking portals (Booking.com, Hotels.com and Airbnb.com) with a tourism survey frame. An attempt was also made to answer the question of how the data obtained from web scraping of tourism portals improved the quality of the frame. The study showed that Fuzzy Matching based on the Levenshtein algorithm combined with Vincenty’s formula was the most effective among all tested methods. In addition, as a result of data integration, it was possible to significantly improve the quality of the tourism survey frame in 2023 (an increase in the number of new accommodation establishments in Poland by 1.1% and in Bulgaria by 1.4%).

Implementation of biosafety protocols in tourist services: Perception and resilience of key actors

This research addressed the analysis of the perception and resilience of key actors in the implementation of biosecurity protocols to enhance tourist services in risky situations. A case study approach was used, and in-depth interviews were conducted to gather significant data, which were processed using the Atlas.ti software. The findings of the research underscore the essential importance of implementing biosecurity protocols for the success and growth of accommodation establishments, reaffirming their commitment to the safety and well-being of all involved. These protocols are also crucial for a safe and sustainable reactivation of the gastronomic sector. Despite regulatory limitations, providers of recreational and complementary tourism services demonstrate a clear willingness to adapt and implement biosecurity measures, ensuring a secure tourist experience. It is concluded that biosecurity protocols are fundamental for the economic reactivation of tourism establishments in the district, instilling confidence and safety in tourists, which encourages travel and visits to these places. Additionally, the significance of personnel training and the need for a well-structured contingency plan to effectively respond to risky situations in the tourism industry are highlighted

The use of augmented reality technologies in tourism businesses from the perspective of UTAUT2

PurposeAugmented reality is one of the technologies that developed and became widespread, especially after the 2000s. It is seen that innovations such as 3D virtual reality glasses, artificial intelligence-supported smart chatbots that communicate with customers in a virtual environment, keyless hotel systems, the Internet of Things, augmented reality applications, smart personal assistants, digital infrastructure concepts and face recognition systems are used in tourism businesses. The place and use of augmented reality technologies in tourism enterprises are discussed in this study. This study was evaluated from the perspective of UTAUT2. The purpose of this study is to examine the usability of augmented reality technologies in tourism businesses.Design/methodology/approachWithin the scope of the study, interviews were held with augmented reality application developers, digital marketing agencies and accommodation business managers. The obtained data were processed with the MAXQDA analysis program.FindingsIt has been determined that augmented reality is a useful and informative technological tool for tourists, it can help sales, promotion and marketing activities, and its usability potency in accommodation businesses is high.Originality/valueWhen the literature is reviewed, it is understood that the studies that apply to the opinions of the application developers and the managers of the accommodation establishments are limited. Therefore, this study has been prepared to contribute to the literature in this respect. This study examines and discusses the use of augmented reality technologies in tourism enterprises, the benefits and difficulties they will create from the perspective of application developers and accommodation business managers and their place in tourism enterprises. This study was evaluated from the perspective of UTAUT2. There is a need for research developed using UTAUT models in technology acceptance studies. In this respect, it will contribute to the literature.

Exploring the Interplay of Competition and Justice: A Moderated Mediation Model of Competitive Psychological Climate, Workplace Envy, Interpersonal Citizenship Behavior, and Organizational Justice.

The competitive psychological environment that arises within an organization is widely recognized as a crucial factor impacting employee performance and, indirectly, overall business productivity. Nonetheless, mishandling this environment can result in unforeseen challenges. Thus, a moderated mediation model was employed in this study to ascertain the adverse effects of competitive psychological climate and how to mitigate said effects. Data were collected via a survey of 523 employees of four- and five-star accommodation establishments in Alanya and Manavgat using convenience sampling. This study revealed that a competitive work environment leads to increased workplace envy, which adversely affects interpersonal citizenship behavior. Additionally, it was discovered that workplace envy mediates the effects of competitive climate on interpersonal citizenship behavior. The negative impact of competitive psychological climate on workplace envy and interpersonal citizenship behavior is mitigated by organizational justice. This study's results offer significant contributions to both theoretical and practical understandings of the potential effects of competitive psychological climate and how to handle them.

The Effects of Culture Tourism on Sustainable Local Development: The Case of Mardin

The competitiveness and economic development process between nations, regions, cities and rural areas, experienced on a global scale since the 18th century, played an important role in the evolution of the understanding of "regionalism" to the understanding of "locality" within the framework of social, ecological, economic and information-based technological developments. After the 1990s, the direction of studies on the understanding of social, ecological and economic sustainability has turned towards the concepts of 'local' and 'development', which are the focus of attention of researchers in different fields. The synthesis of the concepts of 'local', which develops based on its own knowledge, opportunities and potential, and 'development', which is described as a society-balanced recovery process and structural development, has brought 'sustainable local development' movements to the agenda. Cultural tourism, benefiting from the dynamics of the place and the experiences of the local, has been a factor in providing economic input in the perspective of sustainable local development by preserving the cultural and cultural values in tourism in order to ensure the use and continuation of the existing potentials of the region in societies that tend to develop in the tourism sector with their own opportunities and efforts. With this study, the relationship between ensuring sustainability in the developing tourism sector of the city of Mardin, which is rich in terms of its multicultural structure, cultural and historical values, and local economic development is revealed through the enterprises operating in accommodation activities. The sample of the study consists of 37 accommodation establishments located in the Artuklu District of Mardin Province. The study method is based on the 'mixed research method', in which quantitative data and qualitative data are compiled and examined together. The main findings are that the contribution of accommodation enterprises to the local economy is significantly positive, entrepreneurs are local people, accommodation enterprises play an important role in maintaining the dynamics specific to 'place' and 'local', local employment, use of local products, advertising, promotion and marketing opportunities are increased. It demonstrates that it has been able to establish important relationships with other stakeholders in ensuring its continuity with the company.

Research to Determine the Potential Use of Humanoid (Anthropomorphic) Robots in Accommodation Facilities

Study participants evaluated the use of robots in general, and specifically the use of humanoid robots for 36 different job positions in accommodation establishments in Turkey. This exploratory study aimed to determine the positions in which it will be easier to adopt the use of robots in accommodation businesses. It also examined the role of the participant's gender and age regarding the potential use of robots. An online survey was used to collect data, and the data was obtained from 407 participants. Contrary to the theory of anthropomorphism, but consistent with the Uncanny Valley and social comparison theories, the results of the study showed that the participants were adamant that it was not appropriate to use robots for 25 of the job positions out of 36. Humanoid robots were considered appropriate for positions that provide cleaning services, perform takeaway and delivery services, or where customers do not interact one-on-one during their stay. It was concluded that young people evaluated the use of robots in the sector more positively than older people. Similarly, women tended to make more positive evaluations than men. The original value of this research is based on the lack of studies evaluating the potential of using robots for positions in accommodation establishments.

Urban buildings sustainable adaptive reuse into tourism accommodation establishments: a SOAR analysis

This study, conducted as part of the ‘RETOU’ research project, aims to provide a holistic understanding of adaptive reuse in the context of transforming heritage buildings into creative tourist accommodation units. To achieve the objective set for the current research, the methodology involved an in-depth exploration of the conceptual and theoretical evidence within the scholarly literature, followed by a SOAR analysis. The results have identified current strengths, and opportunities, as well as future aspirations and results specifically associated with adaptive reuse initiatives leading to tourist lodgings. The findings of this research endeavor contribute to the expanding body of literature on the adaptive reuse phenomenon. They provide valuable insights into the prevalent notion and understanding, particularly in the context of a tourist-centric urban destination. Furthermore, this research lays a solid foundation for sustainable policy measures planning, and practical implementation strategies development towards a circular economy transitioning action plan, well-serving objectives promoted by the agenda for sustainable urban development.

Use of service robots in hospitality: An observational study in terms of technology acceptance model

This study aims to explore hospitality customers’ behavioral intentions and reactions toward service robots from the perspective of the Technology Acceptance Model. Kastamonu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Department has supported this research. In this context, the service robot was leased. The service robot has been shown to customers in the lobbies, restaurants, rest areas, and cafes of accommodation establishments. Customers were enabled to interact with the robot. The participant observation method was adopted in the study. Unstructured interviews were conducted. The data divided into categories from the perspective of the Technology Acceptance Model were processed using the MAXQDA analysis tool. The density map was drawn from the “Document Portfolio.” The data were obtained as a result of participant observation. It is divided into two categories. These; are “Behavioral Responses” and “Cognitive and Emotional Responses.” The most prominent themes within the categories are video/photo taking, speaking, touching (behavioral), excitement, liking, and having fun (cognitive and emotional). The user rate of these reactions is 7/10 on average. It was observed that the participants enjoyed, were satisfied, and wanted to interact with the service robot. These findings reveal that behavioral intentions related to technology acceptance may occur against service robots.

Persistence of an external shock to domestic tourism demand

ABSTRACT This study investigates two aspects of how an external shock in the guise of the Covid-19 pandemic affects domestic tourism demand: (1) If the impact varies across regions and over time or (2) whether a permanent change (hysteresis) occurs anywhere. By doing so, a presumptive change in domestic tourism demand during three summers is quantified based on timely official data for all Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden) and Estonia, encompassing a total of 76 NUTS3 regions. These regions are divided into five groups from large metropolitan to remote. Tourism demand is approximated by the number of domestic overnight stays in accommodation establishments in the summer months 2016–2022. Dynamic panel data estimations, including household consumption and hotel price index, reveal that all non-metropolitan regions experience a strong increase in domestic tourism flows in the first summer of the pandemic compared with the three years preceding 2020. In contrast, the largest metropolitan areas encounter a substantial decline. The surge in demand for non-metropolitan areas continues in 2021, while the large metropolitan regions return to their pre-pandemic level. After this, demand no longer deviates from its pre-2020 pattern across regions, confirming that the effects are temporary.

THE BULGARIAN NATIONAL BLACK SEA RESORTS IN THE CONTEXT OF DOMESTIC TOURISM

Stimulating domestic tourism is a priority in the development of the tourism industry in Bulgaria. The share of the population's expenditure on travel within the country averages 69% of total travel expenditure. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to analyse the attractiveness, effectiveness, and significance of the national Black Sea resorts for domestic tourism. The data used in the present paper are published and accessible at the web site of the National Statistical Institute of Republic of Bulgaria. To examine the main tendencies in the yearly time series, concerning the Bulgarian Black Sea resorts, we have used statistical analysis of the trend cycle. The selected indicators used for analyses are bed-places in the accommodation establishments in the Bulgarian national Black Sea resorts, arrivals in accommodation establishments, nights spent, revenue from the nights spent and average daily rate per person. The results of the present analysis confirm some trends regarding tourists' attitudes towards domestic tourism and that the resorts offer a pricing policy to attract Bulgarian tourists. The analysis shows the potential of domestic tourism to recover the tourism industry in crises.

Do Environmentally Responsible Practices in Accommodation Establishments Matter?

Environmentally responsible practices (ERPs) in accommodation establishments are identified as the implementation and or execution of certain principles in such a way that it lowers the production of waste, preserve energy, and encourages environmental health. The main purpose of this study is to identify whether or not environmentally responsible practices in accommodation establishments matters. A descriptive survey design was used. The study utilised a quantitative research approach with questionnaires as a data collection instrument. The data were analysed using Statistic Package for the Social Science (SPSS), software version 23, to enable the generation of descriptive and bivariate statistics for the interpretation of the results. The following themes emerged from the study; namely, guests’ preferences of ERPs, influence of return patronage and the effect knowledge have on ERPs. Most participants were not bothered by the re-use of linen and towels, yet establishments still need to invest more time in educating the guests in this regard. Guests indicated that they would return to an accommodation establishment that practices linen reuse programs, water conservation and waste management procedures. This study provides insights on ways guests view ERPs and their preferences. It provides accommodation establishments a scope on what their guests are comfortable in participating on.

Improved tourism demand forecasting with CIR# model: a case study of disrupted data patterns in Italy

Diseño/metodología/enfoqueNormalmente, la demanda turística tiende a seguir tendencias regulares, como temporadas altas y bajas a nivel trimestral/mensual y fines de semana y festivos a nivel diario. El conjunto de datos consiste en las pernoctaciones en Italia en establecimientos de alojamiento turístico recogidas mensualmente por Eurostat antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19, rompiendo los patrones regulares.ObjetivoEl presente estudio pretende predecir las pernoctaciones en Italia en establecimientos de alojamiento turístico mediante un modelo estocástico no lineal de un solo factor denominado CIR#. La contribución de este estudio es doble: en términos de precisión de la predicción y en términos de parsimonia (tanto desde la perspectiva de los datos como de la complejidad de la modelización), especialmente cuando un patrón regular en la serie temporal se ve interrumpido. Demostramos que el CIR# no sólo aplica mejor que los modelos de referencia considerados, sino que también tiene un error mucho menor que otros modelos o enfoques adicionales de los que se informa en la literatura.ResultadosLos modelos tradicionales de previsión de la demanda turística pueden enfrentarse a desafíos cuando se adoptan cantidades masivas de índices de intensidad de búsqueda como indicadores de la demanda turística. Además, dada la importancia de unas previsiones precisas, muchos estudios han propuesto modelos híbridos novedosos o han utilizado diversas combinaciones de métodos. Así pues, aunque la adopción de enfoques más complejos presenta ventajas evidentes, el riesgo es el de enfrentarse a modelos poco manejables. Para demostrar cómo este enfoque puede extenderse de forma fructífera al turismo, se comprueba la precisión del CIR# utilizando métricas estándar como RMSE, MAE, MAPE o AvgReIMSE.Limitaciones/implicaciones de la investigaciónEl modelo CIR# es notablemente más sencillo que otros modelos encontrados en la literatura y no se basa en técnicas de caja negra como las utilizadas en los modelos basados en redes neuronales o en la ciencia de datos. El análisis realizado sugiere que el modelo CIR# supera a otras predicciones de referencia en términos de significación estadística del error.Implicaciones prácticasEl modelo propuesto destaca por ser una opción viable al modelo Holt-Winters, sobre todo cuando se trata de datos irregulares.Implicaciones socialesEl modelo propuesto ha demostrado su superioridad incluso cuando se compara con otros modelos de la bibliografía, y puede ser especialmente útil para los agentes del sector turístico a la hora de tomar decisiones cuando se producen alteraciones en los patrones de datos.Originalidad/valorLa novedad radica en que el modelo propuesto es una alternativa válida al Holt-Winters especialmente cuando los datos no son regulares. Además, en comparación con muchos modelos existentes en la literatura, el modelo CIR# es notablemente más sencillo y transparente, evitando la naturaleza de “caja negra” de los modelos basados en redes neuronales y en ciencia de datos.