Accidents In Nigeria Research Articles

Patterns of computed tomography imaging findings in patients diagnosed with cerebrovascular accident in Nigeria: a single center study

Background: Stroke is a major challenge to physicians worldwide, with high incidence, mortality, disability rates, and costs. This study was designed to evaluate the patterns of computed tomography imaging findings in patients diagnosed with cerebrovascular accident in Nigeria. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study design was adopted to select 320 patients with stroke who underwent CT imaging at a radiological facility in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data such as CT imaging findings in CVA, age and gender of the patients were collected from the CT radiological reports archive for cases done from January 2023 to October 2023. Results: Males were highest 208(65%) and the majority 104(32%) were within the age group of 60-69years. Based on CT findings, the majority 180(56.3%) was haemorrhage and the least 20 (6.3%) was transient ischemic attack. Out of 120 cases of infarcts, 27 (22.5%) were female and males were 110 (61.1%) out of 180 cases of haemorrhagic CVA. Conclusion: Male preponderance was noted in this study. Older adults were commonly affected and haemorrhagic CVA was the commonest CT imaging finding. Improving access to health care for males, and increasing screening and early detection of CVA, could also help to reduce the gender disparity

Tackling the Menace of Speed Violation among Motorcyclists in Nigeria: A Policy Brief

Motorcycle accidents in Nigeria are of particular concern because they rank among the top two vehicle causes of road traffic accidents in the country. Also, the motorcycle plies every road type in the country, and over-speeding tops its causes of accidents, a cause that also ranks top in the human causes of all accidents in all vehicle types. The partial or complete ban on the use of motorcycles has proven to be ineffective in various regions of the country due to its role in sustaining the livelihood of many Nigerians. However, on a policy level, motorcycle accidents have been neglected in Nigeria despite changing policies and intervention programmes since the pre-1939 era of Road Traffic Management. Currently, it is paramount to investigate Motorcycle accidents, emphasizing over-speeding as an emergency. Therefore, the aim of this review is to investigate any existing policy that tackles motorcycle accidents, whether at the national or regional level and develop it to make recommendations for an independent policy that should urgently regulate the motorcycle means of transportation and subsequently tackle motorcycle accidents in Nigeria.

Are Holidays or Festive Periods to blame for Seasonal Spikes in Road Traffic Accidents in Nigeria?

Over the years, citizens have characteristically viewed festive and holiday seasons in Nigeria as a period when there are spikes in traffic and road crashes. These spike in road crashes have been ascribed to some spiritual or mystical powers which often possess the road ways especially the intercity or highways within the country. The paper examined the impact of holiday and festive periods on the recorded road traffic accident cases in Nigeria for a period ten years (2012 – 2021) using weekly data obtained from the Federal Road Safety Corps Office, the research adopted exploratory data analysis conducted on the Road Traffic accidents data suggests that the data is not normally distributed (Shapiro-Wilk = 0.94, p = .002) hence Kruskal-Wallis test -a non-parametric statistics equivalent of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was adopted for test of difference. The aim was to isolate the actual period when road accidents occurred most between ordinary day, non-festive holiday and festive holiday periods. National holiday and festive dates were marked on the data sheet and a hypothesis was tested. A Kruskal-Wallis test was conducted to compare the median ranks of three groups: Festive Holiday, Non- holiday, and Non Festive Holiday. The test revealed a significant difference among the groups (χ2(2) = 11.02, p = .004.). Post hoc tests using the Dunn-Bonferroni method showed that Festive Holiday (FH) and Non-holiday (NH) groups had a significantly different median rank (KW = 58.38, Mdn_FH = 220, Mdn_NH = 180, adj.p = .007). Similarly, the Festive Holiday and Non Festive Holiday (NFH) groups had a significantly different median rank (KW = 84.16, Mdn_FH = 220, Mdn_NFH = 177.5, adj. p = .017). However, there was no significant difference in median rank (Mdn) between Non-holiday and Non Festive Holiday groups (KW = 25.77, Mdn_NH = 180, Mdn_NFH = 177.5, adj. p = .948). The study concluded that most road traffic accidents occur during festive holidays.

Fala: An intelligent mobile application for safe driving

Studies have shown that researchers have proposed various applications for Safe driving using different driving activities and events. This research considered pothole as one of the challenging factors for safe driving therefore it looked into deploying a mobile application for monitoring potholes as an important tool for safe driving. Automating pothole detection will go a long way in providing safe driving for road users and intelligent transportation systems. This paper presents a safe driving application that assists drivers by detecting and predicting potholes while on the road to curb road accidents in Nigeria. The datasets used in this research were potholes images extracted from kaggle which were classified into two; potholes and normal roads. The object detection algorithm that was used to evaluate the model is YOLOv5. The results proved that our model was not perverse. We deployed the model to the mobile application, the mobile application when launched activates the camera by default enabling the system to detect and predict between normal roads and potholes. The predicted values were all positive. The two classifiers were all detected perfectly in real-time while testing without being perverse. The system presents its predicted value in percentage, therefore showing the level of adherence to each of the classes detected.

The Web of Human Factors on Maritime Accidents in Nigeria: Empirical Perspective

The maritime industry is perhaps the most complex international industries with huge and high- risk whose incidents have high potential for the occurrences of accidents. A very large proportion of these accidents have been attributed to human factors elements. This study elucidates the dominants human factors elements that have contributed to marine accident in the Nigeria navigational waters. A descriptive survey was carried out and data collected using well- structured questionnaires distributed to 1000 respondents, out of which 821(82.1%) was retrieved. An appropriate statistical tool (SPSS Softwares-2010 Chicago version) was employed for predictors/independent variables at level of significance ? =0.05. The socio-demographic results showed that majority (78.4%) of the respondents are of sound mind with over 10 years of working experience. It was found that there is a significant difference in the influences of dominant human factors elements on marine accidents in Nigeria navigational waters since Fcomputed (17.345)? Fcritical(1.8799).Moreso, there is a strong and positive relationship between the human factors elements and marine accidents in Nigeria, since R=0.813 and 66.1% of the variance in marine accidents can be explained by variations in the human factors elements. In addition, there is a predictable influence of the integral human factors elements on marine accident in Nigeria navigational waters. Furthermore, since, the P-value is 0.02 for the multiple logistic regressions and there are differential AOR of the predictors on human factors elements marine related accidents; The generated model is efficient on human factors mitigation for marine accident reduction in Nigeria navigational waters. Six(6) out of the ten(10) identified human related factors/error namely crew fatigue, unruly behavior, unsafe vessel speed, commercial pressure from management, lack of maintenance culture, organizational structure/inadequate safety culture wer

Urban Taxi Slogans: The People's Arts

Urban Taxi Slogans: The People's Arts

The Introduction of Train as Automobile Machine as A Means of Transportation: It’s Impact On Reduction of Road Accidents in Nigeria

Transportation through the Railway is more appreciative compared to the road transport. Many people have lost their lives and properties through the road transportation, hence the researcher tried to look into the problem of the road transport in Nigeria. In the western word the train is more popular compared to the use of vehicles to convey human beings and goods. The road traffic accident statistic from 1990 – 2012 was recorded in 2013, by the road safety commission. The researcher used the descriptive survey research design to carry out this study. The data was illustrated using histogram to demonstrate the rate of accident on Nigerian road showing fatal, serious, minor, killed and injured. Solutions were provided by the researcher on how to overcome the problem on Nigeria road. By providing rail way transport, because rail way transport has no records of accident.

Analysis of Mental, Economic, Road & Insecurity Stresses as a Correlate Factor for Road Accidents in Nigeria

Analysis of Mental, Economic, Road & Insecurity Stresses as a Correlate Factor for Road Accidents in Nigeria

Nigeryjski system zarządzania ryzykiem eksploatacji podmorskich złóż ropy naftowej. Czy ustawa o przemyśle naftowym z 2021 r. wypełnia istniejące luki?

The occurrence of several offshore petroleum accidents in Nigeria supports the conclusion by some authors that the Petroleum Act (PA) 1969 regime is fraught with lapses. Environmental protagonists have applauded the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) 2021 as the way forward in the regulation of offshore risk. This paper uses the non-doctrinal methodology to investigate the extent to which the PIA 2021 has progressed beyond the PA 1969 in effectively regulating offshore risk in Nigeria’s petroleum sector. Such analyses are predicated on the general principles of effective risk governance regime evidenced in international best practices. This study finds that the PIA 2021 has not successfully filled the existing gaps identified in the PA 1969 regime. It was argued that while the PIA provides for the establishment of a separate regulator, it retains the defects of the 1969 Act, including conflict of interest replete in the regulator being the regulated and the dual role of the regulator in maximizing revenue and risk governance. Another defect is the retention of a prescriptive method of regulation, which was argued to be ineffective in regulating an ever-evolving risk environment. It is expected that such analyses will prove useful in guiding future reforms in the Nigerian petroleum sector, as well as other jurisdictions, given that risk regulation is an area of transnational law. The authors recommend the adoption of goal-setting risk governance regulation, which allows for flexibility, leaving safety in the hands of those with better expertise to guarantee it, i.e. the operator.

Investigation into the Understanding of Traffic Signs, Symbols and Safety Rules among Drivers in Southern Nigeria

Aims: This study examines the understanding of traffic signs and symbols as a safety measure towards accident reduction among drivers in Southern Nigeria. It investigated the understanding of traffic signs and symbols by drivers in Nigeria with regards to their personal characteristics such as age, educational background, and driving experience and also determined the major factors influencing the high rate of road traffic accidents in Nigeria.
 Study Design: Investigation into the level of knowledge of drivers in understanding traffic signs and symbols in Southern Nigeria.
 Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Southern Nigeria, from September, 2017 to December, 2017.
 Methodology: 600 questionnaires were administered within the various city parks in Anambra, Enugu, Delta, and Lagos states but 476 of the respondents participated. A total of 27 symbols, which includes ten regulatory signs, nine warning signs, three traffic signals lights, and five road pavement markings were investigated. Miscellaneous questions for driving under special conditions, mechanical factors, and general guides were also assessed among the drivers. The use of Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS), as a tool was employed to analyze the data obtained from the respondents.
 Results: The analysis showed that there is a low understanding of traffic signs and symbols by drivers in Southern Nigeria. The overall average percentage of drivers who correctly understood the regulatory signs was 59%, warning signs was 64.2%, and pavement markings was 31.8%. The average knowledge percentage of drivers for driving under special conditions, speed/mechanical factor, and general guides are 43%, 53.66%, and 46.4% respectively. From the statistical -analysis of the findings, there is significance prove that age, driving experience, and educational background play an important role in drivers’ understanding of traffic signs and symbols.
 Conclusion: It is recommended that drivers are properly trained and sensitized on the correct meaning of traffic signs and symbols. The body concerned for issuing a driver’s license should carefully test the drivers’ knowledge before issuing a driver’s license and also traffic law court should be established for the prosecution of defaulters.

Count Models Analysis of Factors Associated with Road Accidents in Nigeria

The current state of all Nigerian roads is in poor condition, and reports of accidents have been recorded across the federation. The larger mission of the sustainable development goal is to promote sustainable cities and communities. This research study aims to examine factors responsible for road accidents in Nigeria through the quantitative tool of higher extensions of the Poisson regression model (ZTNPRM). A cross-sectional study design was adopted and secondary data was used within a sample period from the 1st quarter of 2006 to the 2nd quarter of 2020. Due to overdispersion, ZTNPRM indicates human errors contribute to a large proportion (41.4%) of road accidents. Vehicle factors are also statistically and positively related to road accidents. All the factors this model identified that lead to road accidents predicted low road accidents. Hence, the study recommends that Nigerian car users follow all rules and regulations associated with safe driving and make the environment safer for people as the sustainable development goal (SDGs). This study recommends more attention to the area of accident and injury prevention as a strategic objective of the SDGs.

Association of Road User Intrapersonal Behaviours to Road Signs Compliance and Their Relationship to Road Traffic Accidents in Nigeria: A Pilot Study

Association of Road User Intrapersonal Behaviours to Road Signs Compliance and Their Relationship to Road Traffic Accidents in Nigeria: A Pilot Study

Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Factors that Affect the Effective Compliance with Road Signs to Reduce Road Traffic Accidents in Nigeria

Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Factors that Affect the Effective Compliance with Road Signs to Reduce Road Traffic Accidents in Nigeria

SPOT SPEED LIMIT STUDIES OF AGAIE-KATCHA-BARO ROAD AGAIE, NIGER STATE

The number of accidents in Nigeria increases relatively from year to year, despite the fact that there are many programs organized by the authority to reduce them. Several factors contribute to the occurrence of accidents. Some of which are human behavior, vehicles condition, weather conditions, road surfaces, and road alignments (vertical and horizontal curves). This research presents empirical research to estimate the 85th percentile operating speed limits. The speed data were obtained using a stopwatch on the selected location along the Agaie-Katcha-Baro Road Agaie, Niger State. Spot speed study was adopted as the method for the research. The method has successfully predicted the 85th percentile speed limit for the Agaie-Katcha-Baro Road Agaie, Niger State. It has established maximum and minimum speed limits for the road and has also shown how inexpensive and quick the stopwatch method is in conducting spot speed studies in Nigerian roads. The findings are hoped to provide a lasting solution towards the national design standard for the highway designer and planner to improving the consistency of geometric design elements of the two-lane highways.

Inference on Reported Vehicular Fatal Accidents in Nigeria Using a Bayesian Model

The study introduced a special case of the Poisson-Generalized Gamma empirical Bayes model to survey states in Nigeria with a higher risk of fatal accidents. Monte Carlo error and stationary dynamic trace plots were used to validate model convergence and accuracy of the posterior estimates. The main results included the disease mappings that revealed Ebonyi had the highest risk of road vehicular fatal accidents in Nigeria with a relative risk estimate of 1.4120 while Abuja had the lowest risk with a relative risk estimate 0.5711. In terms of geopolitical region, the risk of road vehicular fatal accident is highest in South-South region with a relative risk estimate of 1.1850 while North-Central had the lowest risk with a relative risk estimate of 0.7846. The study is to aid planned government programs to ameliorate vehicular road carnage in Nigeria.

TRAFFIC MORTALITY, MORTALITY AWARENESS, AND ATTITUDE TO ROAD SAFETY

Road traffic accidents in Nigeria are increasing at an alarming rate and have raised one of the countrys primary concerns. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of mortality awareness on attitude towards road safety. This studys main objective is to ascertain if subtle reminder of traffic mortality will influence road usersattitudes towards road safety. One hundred and three (n=103) road users from public bus terminals, and private car parking garages in the Enugu State of Nigeria participated in this study. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted. Data were collected using a modified version of the Attitude towards Safe Driving Scale (ASDS) and a scale developed to trigger mortality thoughts. The regression analysis conducted on the data established a positive association between a subtle reminder of mortality and attitude towards road safety at F (1,101), 367.67, P<.000. More so, an adjusted R2of .547 indicates that mortality reminders accounted for 54.7% of the variation in attitude towards road safety. The study concluded that mortality reminders are essential in controlling traffic-related accidents and violations. The practical implication and recommendations are discussed.

Geographical Analysis and Mapping of Road Traffic Accident Occurrence and Severity in Nigeria

The advantage of automobile transportation does not overcome its shortcomings. Foremost among these is road traffic accident which is serious cause of death in the whole world today. This study examined and mapped rate of reported cases of road accidents across the 36 States and the federal capital of Nigeria between 2013 and 2015. Data acquired from Federal Bureau of Statistics was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Bar charts, graphs, dot map and thematic map were prepared to depict the spatial distribution of the occurrences and fatality classification while regression analysis was used to predict the future situation of road accident in Nigeria. Results showed that; highest rate of accidents 36.9% occurred in the year 2013 with 5,539 deaths. Ogun State recorded highest number of accidents with 9.7% in 2013, Lagos State with 15.4% in 2014 and Ogun State with 6.1% in 2015 which can be attributed to the strategic position of these two States as the gate ways to Nigeria economy. The regression result shows the strong positive relationship between numbers of recorded cases of road accident and death from road traffic accident with regression R value of 0.78 and R² of 0.61 respectively.

An exposition of the Socio-Economic Impacts of Construction Site Accidents in Nigeria

Nigeria’s construction sector is a key to the development of national economy, especially its contribution to employment creation and value addition to the national gross domestic product. The mode of workforce recruitment, job retention and disengagement are largely informal with an attendant high rate of construction site accidents often resulting in injuries and fatalities to persons and properties. This study examines the social and economic effects of site accidents on Nigerian economy. Descriptive survey research was employed with structured questionnaire as research design and administered to twenty major construction companies operating within southern Nigeria. Interviews were also conducted with owners/directors, contract managers, construction project managers, health and safety officers, site managers, affected workers and families alike to validate study results. Data obtained from field survey were analyzed. The study revealed loss of company productivity, reduction in living standards as having the most economic impacts on construction companies and their affected workers/families respectively. Additionally, loss of customers’ confidence and loss of the family bread winner represents the highest social impacts on the construction companies and affected workers/ families. The study concludes that there is existence of low commitment towards workers’ health, safety and general wellbeing by Nigerian construction firms. The study therefore, recommends that government at all levels should enact and strictly enforce Construction Industry Health and Safety Laws, and sanction firms that contravene Health and Safety Regulations. Furthermore, construction firms irrespective of size should demonstrate visible leadership towards workers’ health and safety.

Impact of Driver’s License Status of Commercial Drivers and the Rate of Road Traffic Accidents in Nigeria: A Case Study of Abuja and Lagos

Background/Objective: The main concern of this research is the continuous involvement of commercial vehicles in road traffic accidents in Nigeria with the magnitudes of the fatalities and huge economic cost implications annually. The objective of this study is to understand and investigate the trends of road traffic accidents in Nigeria and equally examine the effect of the driver's license status of commercial vehicle drivers on the risk of road traffic accidents in those two sites selected. Materials and Methods: The methodology behind this research includes a comparative research design for evaluation of the two survey locations of Nigeria´s new and old capital cities with differences and similarities. The research involves quantitative method with the use of 10 questions on Incidences of road accident, driving license status and socio-demographics characteristics which was adapted from the tested five-in-one instrument called LoMICs-DBQ. It is a direct self-reported questionnaire model for data collection as the primary source with these cognitive questions to be answered with a 6-point Likert scale. Other related data was facilitated by the FRSC and National Bureau of Statistics in Nigeria. Simple Random sampling was used to select the total of 600 drivers out of which only 471 gave their consent and subsequently investigated. This study survey ethical clearance was obtained from the motor parks union leaders and participants are registered bus drivers in Abuja and Lagos within their local government authorities. The data collected was analysed using, SPSS 25, line charts, cross-tabulation which a tool for descriptive statistics, chi-square and Linear Regression which are inferential statistics tools to show relationship between the Demographic variables of the drivers, driving license status and the rate of accidents in the two survey relations.Results: The table also shows a coefficient of correlations (R) of 0.665aand the adjusted R square of .257. This means that 25.7% of the variance in the rate of road accident in Lagos is accounted for by all the Driving License Status. The contribution of the independent variable to the dependent variables was not significant (F = 2.383; df =1, 3; p>0.05) and that other variables not included in this model may have accounted for the remaining variance. The table also shows a coefficient of correlations (R) of 0. 461a, and the adjusted R square of -.049. This means that 4.9% of the variance in the rate of road accident in FCT Abuja is accounted for by all the Driving License Status. The contribution of the independent variable to the dependent variables was not significant (F = .812; df = 1, 3; p>0.05) and that other variable not included in this model may have accounted for the remaining variance in the rate of road accidents. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between demographic variables of the participants and their driving license status, that Driving License Status of commercial drivers in Lagos has a significant effect on the rate of road accidents among the commercial drivers in the state and that Driving License Status of commercial drivers in FCT Abuja has a significant effect on the rate of road accident among the commercial drivers in the Territory. The paper concludes with recommendation for policy makers to take effective, proactive policy design, intervention, and enforcement in order to reduce risk and unsafe driving behaviour on the roads.e

Fitting a quart in a pint pot: a comparison of selected alcoholic drinks produced in Nigeria and the UK

This study compared volume, alcohol by volume (ABV), alcohol units, and health warnings on product labels of selected alcoholic beverages simultaneously produced in Nigeria and the UK. The volume, ABV, alcohol units, and health warnings in a total of 13 alcoholic beverage brands simultaneously produced in Nigeria and the UK were documented from product labels and compared. Alcohol units were calculated by multiplying ABV% with volume (milliliters), divided by 1000. There was variation in volume, ABV, alcohol units, and health warnings on product labels. Beer and stout brands produced in Nigeria were sold in 600 mL bottles containing higher ABV and alcohol units compared with similar brands in the UK sold in 400 mL bottles containing smaller ABV and alcohol units. Pregnancy and drink driving warnings were present on 18.2% of product labels of alcoholic beverages produced in Nigeria. The high ABV, alcohol unit, and absence of health warnings on product labels might explain the high level of alcohol consumed, drunk driving and road traffic accidents in Nigeria. Reducing the ABV and alcohol units in beers and stouts while displaying health warnings on product labels would have the potential for reducing harmful alcohol consumption and related harms in Nigeria and the UK.