Accident Situations Research Articles

Is Turkey's Stock Market More Affected by Covid-19 Indicators at National Scales or Global Scales

In the context of wait-and-see policies due to uncertainties in the economy, both real and financial economic decisions bring to the agenda a slowdown. Considering that uncertainty gets ever deeper in accidental situations like wars and disasters, we observe that Covid-19 has not only surrounded the world, but has also further deepened this uncertainty. On the other hand, countries continue to struggle with health problems, while receding back to Keynesian economics to minimize the effects on their socio-economic structure, as economies try to relieve both real and financial economies by implementing expansionary monetary and financial policies. These expansionary policies and interventions by governments against such negativities have created opposite effects. This study examines the oscillations regarding the BIST-100 index, an important indicator of the Turkish economy, against national and global Covid indicators. Using policies expansionary policies and stock exchange alternatives as control variables, this study included MS-VAR analyses for the period of 2019/12/31-2020/06/30. It was observed that BIST-100 was affected by Covid indicators at both national and global levels and that it showed oscillations in the form of expansion and shrinking. These findings indicate that the monetary and fiscal policies in Turkey should be designed based on a proactive approach to minimize the wait-and-see effects of global and national uncertainties on the real and particularly the financial decisions of economic actors.

On the validation of BEPU methodologies through the simulation of integral experiments: Application to the PKL test facility

Validation is a key step in the field of thermal hydraulics and has played a crucial role in the implementation of system codes. These codes are then included in licensing methodologies being those either best estimate plus uncertainties (BEPU) or conservative approaches. However, only a small amount of efforts has been done on the validation of the methodologies as a whole. Such validation would imply the comparison of the bounding limits and the experimental data. Due to the lack of actual data of accidental situations, such validation should be carried out with data from integral test facility (ITF) experiments.The OECD/NEA PKL-4 test programme is investigating safety issues relevant for current pressurized water reactor (PWR) plants as well as for new PWR design concepts focusing on complex heat transfer mechanisms under two-phase flow. Within the project, a blind benchmark activity has been launched where an IBLOCA experiment has been simulated by 12 different organizations. The Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) participated in the activity with a blind BEPU approach with the main objective of assessing the validity of the methodology as a whole.At first, the scalars that characterize the phenomenology of the particular scenario have been considered. Secondly, in order to broaden the extent of the validation, the results of the different participants have been interpreted as if they were blind experiments as well. Finally, different output parameters have been considered providing a matrix of results that is used to evaluate the validity of the methodology.

Evaluation of Road Networks Based on Traffic Accidents in Erbil City

The traffic accidents threats humans live and its increases during the time. For this reason, this paper tries to analysis the traffic accidents by assessment of accident situations. Also, study the effect of road design elements and regulations coincide with case study in two methods applied first the five parameters individually tested. Then effective parameters tested together, correlation between accidents and the parameter, the roads and streets must design carefully and according to specifications and criteria. In this paper trying to indicate the weak points of road network and fixing this points to avoid them in the future. The ring road have a negative aspect because it extends the path and collecting local roads more than the straight paths. Also, restriction of sight distance occurs, the topographic of Erbil city is helpful in avoiding vertical curves, but the horizontal curves presented with concentric ring roads.

Solid state phase transformation kinetics in Zr-base alloys

We present a kinetic model for solid state phase transformation (alpha rightleftharpoons beta) of common zirconium alloys used as fuel cladding material in light water reactors. The model computes the relative amounts of beta or alpha phase fraction as a function of time or temperature in the alloys. The model accounts for the influence of excess oxygen (due to oxidation) and hydrogen concentration (due to hydrogen pickup) on phase transformation kinetics. Two variants of the model denoted by A and B are presented. Model A is suitable for simulation of laboratory experiments in which the heating/cooling rate is constant and is prescribed. Model B is more generic. We compare the results of our model computations, for both A and B variants, with accessible experimental data reported in the literature covering heating/cooling rates of up to 100 K/s. The results of our comparison are satisfactory, especially for model A. Our model B is intended for implementation in fuel rod behavior computer programs, applicable to a reactor accident situation, in which the Zr-based fuel cladding may go through alpha rightleftharpoons beta phase transformation.

Topical Application of Lidocaine and Bupivacaine to Disbudding Wounds in Dairy Calves: Safety, Toxicology and Wound Healing.

Simple SummaryDisbudding is a common, but painful procedure performed on calves to prevent horn growth. Tri-Solfen® is a combination local anaesthetic and antiseptic formulation which, applied topically to the disbudding wound, is reported to reduce calf pain. Applied in this manner, the local anaesthetics in Tri-Solfen®, lidocaine and bupivacaine, are reported to be poorly absorbed, resulting in low risk of neurological or cardiotoxic effects. The potential impacts on other blood, urine and tissue parameters and on wound healing when used in this manner, and/or accidental overdose situations are unknown, however. We performed experiments investigating (i) the safety of Tri-Solfen® (including overdose situations) and (ii) the impact of Tri-Solfen® on disbudding wound healing under field conditions. No adverse health effects were observed in Tri-Solfen®-treated animals, even those receiving 5× the recommended dose, with no clinically significant differences in measured parameters between placebo and Tri-Solfen® groups. No negative impacts on wound healing were noted. Conversely, lower levels of bacterial wound colonisation were evident, and there was reduced incidence of abnormal wounds at days 11–12 in Tri-Solfen®-treated animals.Tri-Solfen® is a combination topical anaesthetic and antiseptic solution containing lidocaine, bupivacaine, adrenaline and cetrimide. Applied to wounds, it is reported to reduce the pain experienced by calves following thermocautery disbudding. While lidocaine and bupivacaine are widely used in medicine, conflicting data exist on the impact of these compounds when applied directly to the surgical wound. To investigate the safety of Tri-Solfen® applied to thermocautery disbudding wounds of calves, experiments were performed to measure (i) the safety of Tri-Solfen® (including in overdose situations); and (ii) the impact of Tri-Solfen® application at recommended doses on disbudding wound healing under field conditions. Haematological, biochemical and urinalysis parameters did not show clinically significant differences between placebo and Tri-Solfen® groups (1×, 3× and 5× dose). No adverse health impacts were reported. Histopathological analysis of wounds noted a reduction in bacterial colonies in Tri-Solfen®-treated wounds. Under field conditions, no negative impacts on wound healing were noted. Conversely, there was reduced incidence of abnormal wounds, with an associated trend toward improved average daily gain at days 11–12 in Tri-Solfen®-treated animals. These data are considered to support the safety of topical anaesthesia, as formulated in Tri-Solfen®, to the thermocautery disbudding wound in calves.

Hafnium oxidation at high temperature in steam

To assess the potential impact of using hafnium as absorber material in LWRs in high temperature accidental situations, the oxidation behavior of hafnium was studied up to 1400°C, i.e. at temperature conditions relevant to severe accidents. Different sample geometries were tested and oxidized in steam/argon mixtures, either in a furnace or in a thermogravimetric analyzer. Metallographic examinations, hydrogen measurements and EPMA oxygen profiles were then performed. For hafnium rods/discs, metallographic examinations showed the presence of a dense and protective oxide film after steam oxidation. No or little hydrogen was detected in the metallic part of the rod/disc specimens. The reaction rate can be described by a parabolic law in the tested temperature range in the mid-to-long term, and the value of the effective activation energy determined from the experimental data in steam is in good agreement with the ones published in the literature. The diffusion coefficient of oxygen in hafnium was estimated at each temperature by fitting the experimental oxygen profile obtained on hafnium rods and its temperature dependence is derived in the temperature range 700-1400°C. The hafnium claddings produced for the application in integral bundle tests exhibited a lower resistance to steam oxidation than hafnium rods/discs. Metallographic examinations showed a non-protective layer and a significant hydrogen amount was picked up by hafnium claddings. Above 800°C, the oxidation rate for hafnium claddings follows a cubic to quartic law and the effective activation energy was determined in the temperature range 800-1100°C. These tests highlighted the influence of the surface conditions on the oxidation rate of hafnium in steam. However, hafnium oxidation rate remains well below the oxidation rate of zirconium alloys in the same temperature range.

Calibration of two portable detection devices for in vivo measurements of high-energy photon emitters incorporated by humans in accidental situations

This work presents the evaluation of the applicability and sensitivity of two portable detection devices specially designed for in vivo measurement of high-energy photon emitters incorporated by humans. The calibration was performed at the In-Vivo Monitoring Laboratory of the IRD. The equipment consist of a NaI(Tl) 3”x3” and a NaI(Tl) 3”x1.5” scintillation detectors assembled on tripods. The detectors and their compact associated electronics are connected via USB cable to a portable PC. Spectrum acquisition and analysis are controlled by specific commercially available software. The calibrations were performed using a standard liquid source of 152Eu contained in 3.3 L polyethylene bottles. The evaluation of the systems is based on the estimation of the minimum committed effective doses associated to the minimum detectable activities, calculated using current biokinetic and dosimetric models available in the literature. The dose detection limits for selected radionuclide of interest in an emergency scenario have shown to be far below 1 mSv, allowing the system to be useful in accident situation.

Justification of System Shape of Technical Diagnostics of Mobile Nuclearand Radiation Hazardous Objects, Exposed to Unscheduled Impacts

Development and creation of technical diagnostics promising systems allowing periodic and continuous characteristics and parameters monitoring of nuclear power plant on a moving unit without direct participation of staff is a priority task. The article discusses the possibility of creating monitoring systems, which will allow not only giving object state information and helping to prevent accidental situations.

Analysis of historical road accident data supporting autonomous vehicle control strategies

It is expected that most accidents occurring due to human mistakes will be eliminated by autonomous vehicles. Their control is based on real-time data obtained from the various sensors, processed by sophisticated algorithms and the operation of actuators. However, it is worth noting that this process flow cannot handle unexpected accident situations like a child running out in front of the vehicle or an unexpectedly slippery road surface. A comprehensive analysis of historical accident data can help to forecast these situations. For example, it is possible to localize areas of the public road network, where the number of accidents related to careless pedestrians or bad road surface conditions is significantly higher than expected. This information can help the control of the autonomous vehicle to prepare for dangerous situations long before the real-time sensors provide any related information. This manuscript presents a data-mining method working on the already existing road accident database records to find the black spots of the road network. As a next step, a further statistical approach is used to find the significant risk factors of these zones, which result can be built into the controlling strategy of self-driven cars to prepare them for these situations to decrease the probability of the potential further incidents. The evaluation part of this paper shows that the robustness of the proposed method is similar to the already existing black spot searching algorithms. However, it provides additional information about the main accident patterns.

Assessment of extreme thermo-mechanical states of engineering systems under operating loading conditions

The paper presents basic approaches to assessment of strength, service life, and survivability of structural components of technical systems subjected to various types of operating loading regimes. These include: (i) thermo-mechanical loading regimes of normal operation inducing the states of stress and strain that can be considered using traditional stress-based methods and criteria; (ii) extreme design basis loading regimes related to design basis emergency situations that require a transition to design according to strain-based fracture criteria with accounting for temperature, force and frequency factors, and (iii) loading regimes induced by beyond design basis (accident and catastrophic) situations that should be analyzed using equations and criteria of nonlinear deformation mechanics in its most complex thermally coupled formulation.

Güvenlik Kültürü Üzerine Bir Araştırma: İtfaiyeciler

This study aims to investigate the level of the safety culture of firefighters and the factors that affect the safety culture, and to find out the answers to the questions on which areas the safety of firefighters can be developed, and what can be done in these areas. In this study, the safety culture questionnaire developed by S. Williams in 2007 as a measurement tool is applied to 209 fire brigades, and the safety culture level of the participants is determined by statistical analysis. In order to determine the significance level of the relationship between the participants' responses to the safety culture questionnaire and the determined 11 hypotheses, the chi-square test is used, and the results are analyzed under three categories. As a result, a significant difference is found between the safety culture of firefighters, their education levels and occupational accidents. There is also a significant difference between the firefighters' accident situations and their ranks.

SURVIVAL POTENTIAL OF STRESSED CHICKS

Two hundred and forty broiler, cockerel and pullet chicks were deprived feeds, water brooder heat or combination of these to stimulate similar careless or accidental farm situations so as to find their effect on the chicks survival.The type of bird as well as brooder heat had no significant effect (P>0.05) respectively on survival of chicks exposed to starvation stress, Age of chicks and nature of starvation significantly affected chicks survival. condition. A significant (P<0.05) mortality rate was recorded at ages 4 and 5 days. The maximum and evening to monitor the room temperature survival duration was 8 days for all stress chicks. Those deprived of only water survived significantly (P <0.05) longer than others. either feed, drinking water or both.

Some Considerations on the Energy Deposition During a RIA Transient Based On Monte Carlo Simulations

Specific research reactors are capable of reproducing reactivity injection accidents in order to study the behavior of the nuclear fuel pins in accidental situations. In the CABRI research reactor, the fuel pin to be examined (test pin) is placed in the center of the core in a dedicated test loop. It is then subjected to a power transient, obtained by the fast depressurization of the 3He neutron absorber gas from the transient rods located in the core. One of the central parameters of the experiment is the energy deposition in the test pin, which is currently not measured during a transient. Instead, it is assumed that the relative energy distribution between the core and the test pin is constant regardless the operational state of the reactor. Currently, this correlation is measured in steady state. As such, the impact of the variations in the neutron flux, fuel and moderator temperatures during the transient is assumed equivalent on the energy deposition in the core and in the test pin. The goal of this work is to improve our knowledge on the mechanisms involved in the transient energy deposition. The aim of this paper is to present a methodological approach for the energy deposition estimation during a CABRI transient, based on static Monte Carlo calculations. The results suggest that the transient energy deposition rate is mainly dependent on the helium pressure and the Doppler feedback, and the relative energy distribution between the core and test pin changes during the transient.

Review on Smart Cycle with the Smart Helmet

Bike riding is a lot fun, but accidents happen because all accidents are unpredictable. These days individuals, tend to select bicycles over cars as it is much inexpensive to run, easier to park, supple in traffic and environment friendly. Since usage is high, the accident ratio of bike is also high related to cars. Bicycles have a high degree of incurable accidents than cars. Helmets can reduce these fatal injuries. There are many advances on this topic. Nowadays smart bikes are very common. In the case of a bike, they used a GPS location tracker, the SOS message sending when a person gets into any accidental situation, helmet detection block, an alcohol detection module to prevent drink and ride, pulse oximeter, etc these are the developments used to prevent or reduce the rate of accidents. Therefore, in the current manuscript, we have reviewed various technologies that are being implemented in smart bicycles with smart helmets.

Pre-crash control strategy of driver assistance system

The aim of the article is the optimisation process of the ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) control. The methodology is based on the classi-fication of ADAS systems according to the situations of unavoidable accidents. Theevaluation of expected consequences uses injury biomechanics, which represents theextended definition of HMI (Human-Machine Interaction). The evaluation of injury mechanism and the machine intervention enables to control this process withthe target to minimise the consequent injuries. Then the decision making takesnew inputs to the control process and it enriches the multiparametric control ofthe system with the target to minimise the consequences.

Geographical Analysis and Mapping of Road Traffic Accident Occurrence and Severity in Nigeria

The advantage of automobile transportation does not overcome its shortcomings. Foremost among these is road traffic accident which is serious cause of death in the whole world today. This study examined and mapped rate of reported cases of road accidents across the 36 States and the federal capital of Nigeria between 2013 and 2015. Data acquired from Federal Bureau of Statistics was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Bar charts, graphs, dot map and thematic map were prepared to depict the spatial distribution of the occurrences and fatality classification while regression analysis was used to predict the future situation of road accident in Nigeria. Results showed that; highest rate of accidents 36.9% occurred in the year 2013 with 5,539 deaths. Ogun State recorded highest number of accidents with 9.7% in 2013, Lagos State with 15.4% in 2014 and Ogun State with 6.1% in 2015 which can be attributed to the strategic position of these two States as the gate ways to Nigeria economy. The regression result shows the strong positive relationship between numbers of recorded cases of road accident and death from road traffic accident with regression R value of 0.78 and R² of 0.61 respectively.

Situations of Accidents Falling into Irrigation Canals in Toyama Prefecture

Situations of Accidents Falling into Irrigation Canals in Toyama Prefecture

Vehicle accident detection and information system using android smart phone

Vehicle accident is the paramount thread for the people's life which causes a serious wound or even dead. Nearly more than millions of people died in road accident every year. The automotive companies have made lots of progress in alleviating this thread, but still the probability of detrimental effect due to an accident is not reduced. And in many situations due to accident family member and rescue service is not informed due to high demand of automobiles has also increased the traffic hazards and road accidents which can lead the individual death. For this purpose, we have developed the hardware-based Android application that detects an accidental situation and sends emergency alert message to emergency contact number. Our accidental detect system is integrated by hardware and software. Hardware system measures speed and change of tilt angle with gyroscope accelerometer and knock sensor.by checking conditions, this system also capable of reducing the rate of false alarm.

Case Study of Text Analytics Applied to Accident Reports of a University

Many accidents have occurred in universities and the accident reports are accumulated in most universities. The information described in the accident reports must be used effectively to prevent a recurrence of the accidents. In this study, we applied text analytics to the description written in 373 accident reports in a university as a case study. Information mining method was adopted for the contents analysis, and 9 factors based on m-SHEL and human error, that is “software”, “hardware”, “environment”, “liveware2”, “management” “slip”, “lapse”, “mistake”, and “violation” were used for morphological analysis for description in report. The factors in each category of accident situation were extracted, and it is suggested that text analytics is one of the most effective methods to analyse the accident reports in universities.

Modelling the dynamic emotional information propagation and guiding the public sentiment in the Chinese Sina-microblog

Social networks are flooded with different pieces of emotional information, the propagation of which helps to shape the development of public sentiment. To help designing effective communication strategies during the entire development of an event, we propose an emotion-based susceptible-forwarding-immune (E-SFI) propagation dynamic model, that takes into account of the categories of emotions into positive, neutral and negative and the emotional choices of user communities, to investigate the information propagation process that leads to public sentiment. Our model is based on the forwarding quantity and takes into account the differential influence of a delivered emotional information on the emotion change of users depending on their respective emotion status. Our Model-based analytic and numerical analyses show that three types of forwarding probabilities involved in our E-SFI model are in accordance with the actual accident situation, and our sensitivity analyses describe important factors that affect the emotional choices of user communities in support for decision strategies to guide the public sentiment. To quantify the significance of these factors, we introduce multiple summative indices including the information with emotions propagation reproduction number, and emotion entropy.