Accident Location Research Articles

Road traffic injuries among children in Dakar, Senegal

Background: Road traffic injuries (RTI) are a major public health problem and contribute significantly to the global burden. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of RTIs in children and to determine their socio-demographic and lesional characteristics.Patients and methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study over a two-year period from January 2015 to December 2016 conducted at the Department of Paediatric Surgery at the Aristide Le Dantec Hospital in Dakar. Included were all children under the age of 16 victims of a RTI. We studied various parameters relating to the victims (sex, age, education) and the accident (location andtime of occurrence of the accident, circumstances and mechanism, duration of admission to the emergency unit, localization and type of lesion). The data was entered and processed using Microsoft Office Word and Excel 2010 software.Results:Among the 425 cases received, 62.6% were boys and 37.4% girls. The average age of the children was 7.7 years. RTIs occurred mainly in pedestrian (63.8%) who wanted to cross the road. There were more accidents in the city-center area (64.9%) and during afternoons (61%). Lesions of the soft parts (wounds, contusion and decay) were predominated (89.6%) followed by fractures. Theupper limbs were the main locations of trauma.Conclusion: RTIs are common among children in Dakar. Boys crossing roads are the largest number of victims. Soft tissue trauma predominates and is mainly found on the thoracic limbs.

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN THE SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF URBAN TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN CASCAVEL, PARANÁ, BRAZIL

Considering the high rates of traffic accidents, care provided to victims must be fast and efficient. The objective was to analyze the density of traffic accidents and the profile of the victims assisted by the 4th Fire Department in Cascavel. It was also intended to analyze traffic signs and a place to build a new Fire Station. Geographic Information System and geoprocessing resources were used to identify the traffic accidents hotspots applying kernel density estimation. The victims’ profile and their association with the severity of the injuries were obtained based on the chi-square statistic and the correspondence analysis. Field data were investigated to verify traffic signs at accident locations that involved victims with severity of more serious injuries. Most accidents occurred in the afternoon, involving men between 18 and 30 years old. Running over was the occurrence that most stood out considering the severity of the victims, with locations without any traffic signs. Moreover, a plot that meets all the requested criteria and is located in a region of high occurences of traffic accidents was found to build the new station.

Analysis of accident duration on urban arterials roads

Acidentes de trânsito são o principal fator para a formação de congestionamentos não recorrentes em vias urbanas e responsáveis por gerar atrasos inesperados aos usuários do sistema. Entender o comportamento da duração desses acidentes e identificar os seus fatores explicativos pode conduzir para um gerenciamento mais eficiente do tráfego urbano. Buscando contribuir com essa problemática, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a duração de acidentes de trânsito ocorridos em vias urbanas da cidade de Fortaleza-CE. Inicialmente, um método para detectar a duração dos acidentes a partir de dados de tráfego de equipamentos de fiscalização eletrônica foi proposto, dada a indisponibilidade dessa informação no banco de dados de acidentes de trânsito. Como resultados, a duração dos 324 acidentes detectados teve uma média de 72 minutos e uma dispersão de 48 minutos. A função densidade de probabilidade Gamma apresentou o melhor ajuste à duração dos acidentes, indicando que essa variável é influenciada por eventos que ocorrem ao longo do tempo, aumentando a probabilidade de o acidente ser resolvido. A análise mostrou que fatores relacionados ao atendimento dos acidentes, ao comportamento dos indivíduos, ao número de veículos envolvidos e ao local de ocorrência (meio de quadra ou interseção) podem estar influenciando a duração dos acidentes. Entretanto, não foram encontrados indícios de que a duração dos acidentes é influenciada pela sua gravidade (acidentes com ou sem vítimas) ou pela sua natureza.

DEVELOPING AN INTELLIGENT FIRE ALARMING, MONITORING AND RESCUING SYSTEM USING UAV

Abstract. Fire alarm methods become increasingly complicated and functionally more competent and responsible in recent years. All are intended to fulfill the conditions: protection of property and assets and protection of life. Audio and visual signs are sent to notify people about concerning fire or CO concentration in range zone along with UAV this all is part of fire alarm assembly. Fire sirens and sensors are usually set in fire alarm operations for more effective safety for nearby formations. The advanced fire alarm sign comprises using either a sound or a flash and some additional features such as sending a message or a phone call or e-mail and it will also help us know about the smoke level and temperature of the fire. Its important part is that it will have the priority to save the life of people as well as prevent the infrastructure from the fire so to do the job simultaneously the advanced features are utilized this also includes using IoT to use it wirelessly with UAV and CCTV which will help in audio and visuals for the accident site along with that it will also send message to people living near the accident location so that they can help people by rescuing them.

Improving Aviation Safety through Modeling Accident Risk Assessment of Runway.

The exponential increase in aviation activity and air traffic in recent decades has raised several public health issues. One of the critical public health concerns is runway safety and the increasing demand for airports without accidents. In addition to threatening human lives, runway accidents are often associated with severe environmental and pollution consequences. In this study, a three-step approach is used for runway risk assessment considering probability, location, and consequences of accidents through advanced statistical methods. This study proposes novel models for the implementation of these three steps in Iran. Data on runway excursion accidents were collected from several countries with similar air accident rates. The proposed models empower engineers to advance an accurate assessment of the accident probability and safety assessment of airports. For in-service airports, it is possible to assess existing runways to remove obstacles close to runways if necessary. Also, the proposed models can be used for preliminary evaluations of developing existing airports and the construction of new runways.

A Survey of Road Accident Reporting and Driver’s Behavior Awareness Systems: The Case of Tanzania

Road traffic accidents are a leading cause of death in developed and developing countries. It has been shown that road accident reporting systems could reduce their effects by minimizing response time and mapping road accident-prone areas. This paper provides an overview of the systems and applications for road accident reporting and drivers’ behavior awareness. A field survey, conducted in Dar es Salaam region in Tanzania, investigated the current state of road traffic accident reporting. Findings showed that the main means of reporting road accidents were physical reporting and police emergency phone calls. The absence of alternative means for reporting road accidents causes information delay and lack of precise accident location for the emergency first responders. This paper concludes by proposing a mobile application system for road accident reporting and drivers’ over-speed awareness, in order to improve road safety in developing countries.

SISTEM PELAPORAN KECELAKAAN LALULINTAS DENGAN PENDEKANAN GEOGRAPHICS INFORMATION SYSTEM

Traffic accidents or road accidents are problems that often occur that are of particular concern, in order to minimize the number of accidents many find it difficult to report accidents and report accident-prone areas so that the community cannot know which areas have frequent accidents and which are accident-prone areas. Then the accident-prone areas were mapped with the Geographics Information System approach used in this research, namely in order to visually map the location of the accident location and the traffic accident-prone areas so that people can know directly the location point. In designing the system used in this study, namely by using the Waterfall Method, which has several stages including: Requirements analysis, system design, coding or writing program code, program testing, program implementation and maintenance. To model the system used is the Unified Modeling Language in this software engineering to describe the architecture and visualize a system to be built. So that this research can produce a software that can be accessed anywhere by the wider community to be able to report accidents and accident-prone areas where this case study was conducted in the Pandeglang Regency area.

Analysis and lessons of a mine water inrush accident resulted from the closed mines

In view of the problems of coal mine closure work in China, taking the closed mine water inrush accident of Zhongcun coal mine in Shanxi province as an example, this paper analyzes the causes of the closed mine water inrush accident and introduces the rescue measures taken in the mine after that. The closed mine water exploration technology adopted by the mine in the location of water inrush accidents, as well as the water accident prevention technology and control work system in other mining areas in the future, is described, which provides reference for other coal mines, especially a production coal mine near a closed mine.

Investigation of Spatiotemporal Changes in the Incidence of Traffic Accidents in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, Using GIS-Based Density Analysis

Owing to their social and economic consequences, the spatial densities of traffic accidents need to be investigated to solve and prevent related problems. In this study, we aim to determine the spatial densities of traffic accidents over the long term and identify the spatiotemporal changes in the high-density areas of Kahramanmaras City. Initially, a spatial database of accident features and locations was prepared. Between 2008 and 2015, 14,317 traffic accidents were identified. The hotspot and kernel density estimation (KDE) methods, which were developed to determine the spatial densities in geographical information systems, are commonly used to successfully detect high traffic-accident-density areas. In this study, z scores determined by hotspot analysis were used as weight value for weighted KDE. These areas were obtained separately for each year, and an accident time series was created. The spatiotemporal changes to these areas occurring between 2008 and 2015 were determined. Traffic accidents increased in density at important intersection points of the city, and these areas changed over time during urban development. The results of this study are expected to be beneficial for determining priority areas for preventing traffic accidents in Kahramanmaras.

Critical aspects for collision induced oil spill response and recovery system in ice conditions: A model-based analysis

The recovery effectiveness for oil spills in ice conditions depends on a complex system and has not been studied in depth, especially not from a system risk control perspective. This paper aims to identify the critical aspects in the oil spill system to enable effective oil spill recovery. First, a method is developed to identify critical elements in a Bayesian Network model, based on an uncertainty-based risk perspective. The method accounts for sensitivity and the strength of evidence, which are assessed for the different Bayesian Network model features. Then, a Bayesian Network model for the mechanical oil spill recovery system is developed for the Finnish oil spill response fleet, contextualized for representative collision accident scenarios. This model combines information about representative sea ice conditions, ship-ship collisions and their associated oil outflow, the oil dispersion and spreading in the ice conditions, and the oil spill response and recovery of the fleet. Finally, the critical factors are identified by applying the proposed method to the developed oil spill response system model. The identified most critical system factors relates collision aspect: Forcing Representative Scenario, Representative Accident Location, Impact Speed, Impact Location, Impact Angle and response aspect: Response Vessel Operability.

Penerima Sinyal Emergency Locator Transmitter dengan Metode Direct Receiver pada Frekuensi 121,5 MHz

To find out the location of an aircraft accident from an ELT signal beam of 121.5 MHz, search and rescue (SAR) officers or civil aviation authorities need an ELT signal receiver device that works at the same frequency, which is 121.5 MHz. The purpose of this research is to produce an ELT signal receiver with direct receiver method at a frequency of 121.5 MHz which is simpler, requires fewer RF devices, and is according to specifications for civil aviation. In this research, the design and realization of ELT signal receivers are carried out using the direct receiver method, including: a BPF and a RF amplifier as a direct receiver circuit, an AM demodulator, and an audio amplifier. Based on the results of measurements and tests that have been done, the direct receiver circuit can receive an ELT signal at a frequency of 121.5 MHz in the range of 121.330 to 121.617 MHz with -40.35 dB sensitivity, the AM demodulator can demodulate the audio signal at a frequency of 346.6 Hz, and the audio signal at a frequency of 337.6 Hz as a pointer to an ELT signal can be heard through the loudspeaker. The results of this study are ELT signal receivers with direct receiver method at a frequency of 121.5 MHz which are according to specifications for civil aviation.

Life Case: Inelastic Collision based Automobile Crash Detection and Alert System via 3G Network

Accident detection and alert systems that can pinpoint the whereabouts of an accident are crucial to ensure the concerned authorities are informed instantaneously about the occurrence of an accident, in order for the deployment of emergency response to save lives in the least amount of time. A 3G incorporated accident detection system, known as Life Case is designed to discover the accidents between automobiles and, send the timestamp, and the actual position of an accident, to a developed android application built using Android Studio, via a cloud database. The alert message is presented using Google Maps which helps user to save plenty of time through easy navigation feature towards the accident location. Life Case measures the acceleration of an automobile during a collision using the Theory of Inelastic Collision.

Method for multi-information drilling detection after mining disasters

The underground environment of a disaster-stricken mining area is complex, dangerous, and of limited space. Despite its frequent use above ground, communication and detection technology is not adaptable to underground conditions. After the mine accident, the communication between the disaster area and the ground was almost paralyzed, and it was difficult for rescuers to find the location of the underground accident and accurately locate the trapped miners. As a result, the rescue work is often blind and random, which significantly hampers rescue progress and can result in failure. Given this situation, this study used the key technologies of multi-media information collection, synchronous transmission, and underground explosion-proof facilities as a basis for the research and development of a multi-information drilling detection device. This device is designed to transmit wireless signals or wired signals that convey crucial data, such as images, sounds, and environmental gas concentrations. With long-distance real-time data transmission, the apparatus can collect multiple sources of information to assist searches for underground trapped persons, fault diagnosis of rescue boreholes, and underground environmental detection. Application of this device was tested on site and found to enable reliable in-situ information to be generated for use by experts and for rescue commands.

Development of Risk Rating and Index for Coastal Activity Locations

This paper develops a risk index based on an indicator of risk assessment in terms of coastal activity location and accident type. The risk index is derived from a formula which adds the consequence of failure to a vulnerability value, then subtracts the mitigation value. Specifically, the consequence of failure is the number of casualties in coastal activity locations. An indicator of vulnerability refers to coastal environment elements and social elements. A pointer of mitigation includes managerial and organizational elements that indicate the capabilities of coastal activities. A risk rating of coastal activity location is found from a risk matrix consisting of the accident location and type. The purpose of this study is to prevent accidents at coastal activity locations by allowing the Coastal police guard to monitor effectively and inform visitors of potential risks.

Smart Traffic Accident Monitoring System

A system which detects the occurrence of accidents and informs the respective units responsible is designed. When a vehicle meets an accident then the sensors installed in the vehicle detect the accident and inform the medical unit, police control as well as family members by sending an alert message to the fire station (in case if the vehicle catches fire during the accident). To avoid accidents due to collision in winters because of FOG, ultrasonic sensors to detect the nearby objects and produce sound if it gets too close are used. Vibration sensor installed will detect the changes in vibration and if it is above threshold which means an accident occurred and it will notify the respective units. The alert message contains accident location coordinates obtained by the GPS module which was sent to respective units through the GSM module. Designed system is fully automated therefore it would get the exact location coordinates of the accident spot.

Prevalence and factors associated with pedestrian fatalities and serious injuries: case Finland

The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of pedestrian fatalities and serious injuries (MAIS3+) in traffic, and to identify differences in the factors associated with the injury severities. The study included all motor vehicle-pedestrian accidents in Finland in 2014–2017 and exposure data from the national travel survey of 2016. The results showed a heightened fatality and serious injury rate specifically for pedestrians aged over 75 years and in rural heartland areas. Furthermore, differences were identified in the current speed limit, municipality type, lighting conditions, vehicle type, area type, accident location, and road conditions between pedestrian fatalities and serious injuries. The main implications of the study are that traffic safety measures should be tailored to local conditions and amended and redirected to account for both fatalities and serious injuries. In order to conduct comparative studies between countries and support the achievement of transport policy objectives, further harmonisation of definitions and data collection procedures for traffic accidents is needed.

Ecological risk assessment (ERA) based on contaminated groundwater to predict potential impacts to a wetland ecosystem.

To assess the ecological risk resulting from an accidental gasoline spill upstream from a wetland, groundwater and sediment sampling was carried out during two campaigns at the 48th and 52nd months after the spill had occurred. In total, 21 groundwater monitoring wells in the affected area were sampled plus an additional reference well located upstream from the accident location. Seven sediment sampling points were selected inside the wetland, plus a reference point upstream from the accident. Physicochemical parameters, BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene and o-xylene) and metal concentrations were analysed to estimate the chemical risk. Acute (Allivibrio fischeri, Daphnia similis, Hyalella azteca) and chronic (Artemia salina and Desmodesmus subspicatus) toxicity assays were performed with groundwater and sediments elutriate to determine the ecotoxicological risk. Results from groundwater indicated an extreme chemical level of risk in14 out of 21 monitoring wells. These 14 wells also exhibited free-phase gasoline and lead (Pb) concentrations above the threshold values adopted by this study. The presence of Pb, however, could not be associated with the gasoline accident. High acute and chronic toxicities were reported for the majority of wells. Conversely, the risks associated with the sediments were considered low in most sampling points, and the ecotoxicity found could not be related to the presence of gasoline. Groundwater flow modelling results have evidenced the migration of the contamination plume towards the wetland. Thus, to prevent contamination from reaching the protected area, more effective groundwater clean-up techniques are still required.

MERA (motorcycle emergency ride assistance): plug-in for accident detection and notification

The condition to trigger the Automatic crash detection for motorcycles is more complex, since the collisions in real life are usually different than those in the lab. so in order to boost the accuracy and affectivity, the researchers must reduce inconsequential deployments, the occupant weight, and riding condition, as well as re-calculate the speed to crash conditions. In this paper was present a continuously evaluates and innovate for crash detection with support automated notification system. The accident detection, communicates the accelerometer, vibration, speed and lean values to the determine accident status and level. In this concept, three different variable measurements are attached to head of the motorist and motorcycle body, Crash dummy tests are done for trial particular systems in helmet by throwing the helmet with different altitudes to simulate the effect of crash to the motorist, and for capture the location of accident, real data is collected by driving the motorcycle. The implemented prototype system showed promising results for automatic crash detection, and the system also showed its success for deliver real-time notifications when an accident was happening.

Envenenamentos ofídicos em uma região da Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira

Introdução: Os acidentes ofídicos são um problema de saúde pública e são considerados emergências clínicas, motivo este que torna os estudos em regiões de grande incidência muito importantes.
 Objetivo: Descrever os aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos de pacientes vítimas de acidentes ofídicos em uma região da Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil.
 Método: Trata-se de um transversal, retrospectivo e documental de abordagem quantitativa, no período de 2015 a 2016, realizado no Hospital Regional do Juruá, localizado na cidade de Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brasil. Os dados epidemiológicos foram obtidos a partir das fichas do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), no Setor de Vigilância Epidemiológica do hospital. Foram verificadas as seguintes variáveis: mês de ocorrência, identificação da serpente (tipo de acidente), local do acidente (zona urbana e rural), localidade, município, dados da vítima (faixa etária, sexo, região anatômica atingida), sintomas e sinais apresentados, circunstâncias do acidente, tempo decorrido entre o acidente e o atendimento, a quantidade de ampolas utilizadas e o tipo de soro no tratamento das vítimas.
 Resultados: Foram atendidos em média 124 casos de acidentes ofídicos por ano (76,71 casos por 100.000 habitantes/ano), sendo a maioria acidentes botrópicos e os pacientes constituídos por indivíduos adultos do sexo masculino e trabalhadores rurais, picados nos membros inferiores. Mais de 30% dos casos foram atendidos seis horas após o envenenamento e o atendimento após 24 horas é um fator de risco para complicações, uma vez que sete dos oito pacientes que apresentaram complicações foram atendidos depois de um dia do acidente.
 Conclusão: Apresentou um crescente constante nos casos, o que gerou um ponto de reflexão preocupante, que pode estar associado a dois fatores, onde um volta-se para a melhora no deslocamento das vítimas (melhorias nas estradas dos ramais e implantação de lancha do SAMU) facilitando mais o transporte e na cobertura de telefonia melhorando a comunicação, ou a falha das políticas de saúde pública na oferta de melhores condições e orientações para a população.

Involving citizens in hydrodynamic research: A combined local knowledge - numerical experiment on Lake Garda, Italy

Local knowledge on surface currents and transport patterns in Lake Garda is acquired through interviews among wind-surfers, sailors, fishermen, ferry boat drivers, firefighters nautical rescue team, and officers from the environmental protection agency. Data are collected by means of individual interviews and focus groups, analyzed for internal consistency and summarized in qualitative maps. Three-dimensional numerical simulations are performed using a one-way coupled atmospheric-hydrodynamic model and the results are compared with the observations of the interviewees. Through this combined effort, currents that were not evident to the scientific community, but are well-known to sailors and surfers, can now be recognized and physically understood, like the ‘Corif’ that flows along the eastern shore in summertime between late morning and afternoon, when wind blows from the south. The transport patterns are also identified, like the predominant east-to-west surface transport experienced by fishermen under storm events and floods, that is confirmed for northerly wind, and the west-to-east transport for southerly wind. Moreover, the trajectory of a drifting capsized boat is reproduced by the model and the dynamics of the accident (location and timing) are reconstructed in collaboration with the firefighters nautical rescue team of Trento and based on information from local newspapers and witnesses. This exercise demonstrates that the joint effort of the scientific community and local experts can produce advances in the understanding of large-scale hydrodynamic processes in lakes.