Accessory Liver Research Articles

Insulin-like Growth Factors Promote DNA Synthesis and Support Cell Viability in Fetal Hemopoietic Tissue by Paracrine Mechanisms

There is significant evidence that the insulin-like growth factors (IGF) play a role in both murine and human hemopoiesis. In order to better define the nature and mechanisms of these effects, we have used a serum-free system to examine DNA synthesis and cell replication in murine hemopoietic cells. Cell preparations from 13-day fetal mice livers were incubated in serum-free DMEM alone or with erythropoietin (Epo) 0.5 U/ml, recombinant human IGF-I, purified IGF-II, or recombinant human growth hormone (GH) in various doses, and [3H]thymidine added for the last 3 hr of 21-hr incubation. Cell distribution was over 80% erythroid or erythroblasts. IGF-I and IGF-II promoted thymidine incorporation into cells at a half-maximal dose of 3 and 1 nM respectively, IGF-II with a maximum potency 65% of IGF-I; insulin stimulated at a half-maximum dose of 100 nM, with similar maximum effect to IGF-I, and their effects were not additive. GH was stimulatory at 1 microM. Epo was 2-9 times as effective as IGF-I and their effects were not additive. A monoclonal antibody to IGF-I reduced the effect of IGF-I by 50-80%, had no effect on Epo, and abolished the GH effect. Separation of erythroid cells and precursors from accessory and other liver cells did not alter the response to IGF-I. Cell counts increased in response to IGF-I or Epo, and cell viability was maintained by IGF-I compared to control medium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

ACCESSORY LIVER ATTACHED TO THE RIGHT LOBE OF THE LIVER

Recently we have encountered a case of accessory liver attached to the right lobe of the liver. A 31-year-old man underwent laparotomy and accessory liver attached to the segment six of the right lobe of the liver through restiform tissue, measuring 1.2×0.8×0.3cm, was found incidentally. The accessory liver was resected. Histopathologically, bile duct, portal vein and arterial branch were noted in the part of the restiform tissue and this case was interesting from the standpoint of the genetics of accessory liver. Glisson's sheath was tissue and this case was interesting from the standpoint of the genetics of accessory liver. Glisson's sheath was Accessory liver is a developmental anomaly of the liver, the incidence of which is very low, and in Japan, since when Tasaki reported in 1904, only 48 reports have been available. We discussed the age distribution, sex difference, opportunity of the diagnosis, location, size, number, pathological findings, and the communication with the primary liver in the light of these reports.

Gallbladder embedded in an accessory liver lobe in umbilical cord hernia

Two newborns are described, both with a hernia of the umbilical cord, which contained the gallbladder embedded in an accessory lobe of the liver.

Accessory Liver Attached to the Gallbladder

Accessory Liver Attached to the Gallbladder

Observations on the liver of the chicken following aflatoxin B1ingestion

During a series of experiments it was noted that a proportion of birds sacrificed after ingesting aflatoxin B1 had small accessory liver lobes which appeared less abnormal in colour. No histopathological differences were observed but specific activities of several hepatic enzymes were less depressed in the accessory lobe than in the remainder of the liver.

Impaired 3H-testosterone uptake and metabolism in the accessory sex glands of diabetic castrated male rats.

The uptake and retention of 1,2-3H-testosterone in accessory sex glands, muscle and liver of streptozotocin diabetic castrated male rats, insulin-treated diabetic castrated rats and non-diabetic castrated control rats were studied at various time intervals after an intravenous injection. Diabetes reduced the retention of 3H-testosterone in the prostate, the preputial gland and the epididymis. Exogenous insulin slightly increased the retention of 3H-testosterone in these tissues of diabetic rats. No significant differences in the radioactivity in the rectus abdominis muscle, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles were found between the various experimental groups. Ventral prostate homogenates obtained from diabetic and control rats were incubated with 3H-testosterone in vitro. The steroids were extracted and thin-layer chromatographs were scanned for radioactivity. In prostatic homogenates taken from diabetic rats, testosterone transformation to dihydrotestosterone was reduced. The results indicate that the impaired function and androgen retention of the accessory sex glands of diabetic male rats is at least partly due to the reduced formation of dihydrotestosterone from testosterone.

Androgen control of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA synthesis in male sex accessory tissue of castrate rats.

Incorporation of thymidine-3H methyl into nuclear and mitochondrial DNA was measured as a function of time and androgen or vehicle administration in male sex accessory tissue and liver of castrate rats. The activation of DNA synthesis by androgen is organ specific, i.e., noted only in seminal vesicle and prostate, but not in liver. The earliest activation noted occurred at 24 hr in seminal vesicle and at 48 hr in prostate and was sustained for up to 72 hr of androgenic stimulation. Increased nuclear and mitochondrial DNA synthesis occurred at the same time, suggesting that DNA is being synthesized in anticipation of the first wave of cell division, permitting nuclei and mitochondria to be replicated for parcelling out to daughter cells. Thus, neither nuclear nor mitochondrial DNA synthesis is required for the early action of androgen on its target tissues. (Endocrinology 90: 1633, 1972)

Androgen control of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis in male sex accessory tissue and liver of rats.

Incorporation of a (U)14C-amino acid mixture in vivo into total mitochondrial protein was measured as a function of time of androgen or vehicle administration in male sex accessory tissue and liver of normal and castrate rats. In the accessory tissue of castrates, significant increases (2-fold) in mitochondrial protein labeling were noted as early as 6 hr after androgen stimulation. Labeling reached maximal levels (6- to 9-fold) by 24 hr after a single injection of hormone and well before tissue weight increases were noted. Thereafter, protein labeling in the mitochondria of castrate animals plateaued at the same elevated levels between 24 and 72 hr, when additional daily injections of hormone were given. Castrate animals receiving equivalent amounts of vehicle alone showed low incorporation values that were not changed by the experimental procedure. In normal animals, incorporation values in accessory tissue mitochondria were comparable to the highest values seen in treated castrate animals and were not ...

Symptomatic accessory lobe of the liver associated with absence of the left lobe.

A 70-year-old woman had a large accessory liver lobe causing abdominal pain and requiring laparotomy. Four previous cases have been reported in the literature in which laparotomies were performed for acute abdominal symptoms secondary to torsion. In this case, there was no twist of the pedicle, and the symptoms were chronic. Atrophy of the left lobe was also present, perhaps related to the presence of postnecrotic cirrhosis. Excision of the accessory liver lobe was followed by complete disappearance of the symptoms.

Induction of immunological tolerance by porcine liver allografts

Liver allografting experiments with pigs show that animals given no immunosuppression will survive for prolonged periods with orthotopic liver transplants. Similar animals can reject skin, kidneys and hearts rapidly. Orthotopic and accessory heterotopic liver allografts protect preferentially from rejection grafts of donor specific skin, kidney and possibly heart. Injected soluble liver antigen may also protect donor specific tissue from rejection. It is suggested that allogeneic liver can induce immunological tolerance in immunologically mature pigs.

Liver transplantation in man???I, observations on technique and organization in five cases

In view of the extreme sensitivity of the human liver to ischaemic damage, the organization of clinical transplantation is of necessity complicated. From our preliminary experience of five human liver allografts we feel that active collaboration between hospitals is essential in order to practise human liver transplantation. It is unnecessary and undesirable to interfere in any way with potential liver donors. Nevertheless, the nature of the surgical technique requires that the liver is cooled within 15 minutes of death if satisfactory function is to result in the grafted organ.This report describes technical difficulties that were encountered which can limit successful liver transplantation. The first patient was in severe liver failure and had an accessory liver graft in the splenic fossa after splenectomy. This liver suffered irreversible ischaemic damage, which led to an uncontrollable haemorrhagic state with exsanguination that resulted in death the day after operation. The second patient, a 10-month-old infant with biliary atresia and liver failure, died from cardiac arrest shortly after the operation.The remaining three transplants developed good initial function. One patient survived 11 weeks, and one has returned to work.

Liver transplantation in man. I. Observations on technique and organization in five cases.

In view of the extreme sensitivity of the human liver to ischaemic damage, the organization of clinical transplantation is of necessity complicated. From our preliminary experience of five human liver allografts we feel that active collaboration between hospitals is essential in order to practise human liver transplantation. It is unnecessary and undesirable to interfere in any way with potential liver donors. Nevertheless, the nature of the surgical technique requires that the liver is cooled within 15 minutes of death if satisfactory function is to result in the grafted organ.This report describes technical difficulties that were encountered which can limit successful liver transplantation. The first patient was in severe liver failure and had an accessory liver graft in the splenic fossa after splenectomy. This liver suffered irreversible ischaemic damage, which led to an uncontrollable haemorrhagic state with exsanguination that resulted in death the day after operation. The second patient, a 10-month-old infant with biliary atresia and liver failure, died from cardiac arrest shortly after the operation.The remaining three transplants developed good initial function. One patient survived 11 weeks, and one has returned to work.

Control of mitochondrial lipid biosynthesis by testosterone in male sex accessory gland tissue and liver of castrate rats.

Incorporation of 14C-acetate in vivo into total mitochondrial lipid was used as an index of mitochondrial biosynthesis in seminal vesicle, coagulating gland, ventral prostate and liver mitochondria of castrate rats receiving testosterone or equivalent amounts of vehicle. In target tissues, incorporation values were greater in mitochondria prepared from seminal vesicles and prostates after 18 hr of stimulation and in mitochondria from coagulating glands after 24 hr of stimulation. No significant differences in target organ weights or incorporation values were noted between experimental and control animals after 12 hr of androgen treatment. Incorporation of label into lipids of liver mitochondria was high but was unaffected by 3 days of androgen treatment. Comparison of incorporation values obtained from whole mitochondria and mitochondrial fragments suggests that lipids of mitochondria labeled in vivo with 14C-acetate are entirely membrane bound. (Endocrinology 82: 535, 1968)

Dorsal herniation of the gut: A rare manifestation of the split notochord syndrome

An abnormal fissure in the notochord can cause a wide variety of malformations including posterior enteric remnants. The present case is a rare manifestation of “split notochord syndrome” with dorsal herniation of the gut combined with atresia ani, diplomyelia, microgyria, hydrocephalus, horsehoe kidney and accessory liver. An abnormal fissure in the notochord can cause a wide variety of malformations including posterior enteric remnants. The present case is a rare manifestation of “split notochord syndrome” with dorsal herniation of the gut combined with atresia ani, diplomyelia, microgyria, hydrocephalus, horsehoe kidney and accessory liver. Un fissura anormal in le notochorda pote causar un extense varietate de malformationes, incluse remanentes, postero-enteric. Le presente caso es un manifestation rar de “syndrome del notochorda fisse” con herniation dorsal del intestino e, in combination con illo, atresia anal, diplomyelia, microgyria, hydrocephalo, ren in forma de ferro de cavallo, e hepate accessori. Un fissura anormal in le notochorda pote causar un extense varietate de malformationes, incluse remanentes, postero-enteric. Le presente caso es un manifestation rar de “syndrome del notochorda fisse” con herniation dorsal del intestino e, in combination con illo, atresia anal, diplomyelia, microgyria, hydrocephalo, ren in forma de ferro de cavallo, e hepate accessori.

Intrathoracic accessory lobe of the liver.

Case Reports1 August 1960INTRATHORACIC ACCESSORY LOBE OF THE LIVERS. A. KAUFMAN, M.D., IRVING M. MADOFF, M.D.S. A. KAUFMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, IRVING M. MADOFF, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-53-2-403 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAn accessory or anomalous lobe of the liver is an uncommon finding which, while of little clinical importance, may present a diagnostic problem. It is usually an incidental finding in a patient with no pulmonary symptoms.Accessory liver lobes arise most commonly from the right lobe and may project in any direction. The most common is Riedel's lobe, which descends inferiorly along the right lateral abdominal wall as a tongue-like projection from the inferior border of the liver. Anomalous lobes arising from the superior surface of the liver present diagnostic problems, since they may appear as a rounded mass in...Bibliography1. Wagner A: Four cases of diaphragmatic intumescence, Acta Radiol. 26: 239-247, 1945. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. KatzWilliams HJAJ: Accessory lobes of liver and their significance in roentgen diagnosis, Ann. Int. Med. 36: 880-883, 1952. LinkGoogle Scholar3. FriedmanSolis-CohenLevine PSLS: Accessory lobe of the liver and its significance in roentgen diagnosis, Am. J. Roentgenol. 57: 601-603, 1947. Google Scholar4. HardistyKearneyBrooks NMEAFP: Report of a case of anomalous lobe of the liver, Am. J. Roentgenol. 60: 486-489, 1948. Google Scholar5. HansbroughLipin ETRJ: Intrathoracic accessory lobe of the liver, Ann Surg. 145: 564-567, 1957. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts*Received for publication March 9, 1959.From the Department of Radiology and the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the Massachusetts Memorial Hospitals and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston.Requests for reprints should be addressed to S. A. Kaufman, M.D., Associate Professor of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston 18, Massachusetts. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThoracoscopic resection of an intrathoracic accessory liver lobe: An incidental finding in the workup of a child with a respiratory infectionINTRATHORACIC ECTOPIC LOBE OF LIVER PRESENTING AS PULMONARY SEQUESTRATIONEctopic umbilical liver in conjunction with biliary atresia: Uncommon associationInfantile hemangioendothelioma of heterotopic intrathoracic liver associated with diaphragmatic herniaAnomalous liver lobulation as a cause of perigastric massesFetal supradiaphragmatic accessory liver lobeEctopic liver tissue mass in the thoracic cavityEctopic LiverEctopic Liver in OmphaloceleHerniation of the Liver through the Foramen of MorgagniThe liver and Its Diseases 1 August 1960Volume 53, Issue 2Page: 403-407KeywordsDiagnostic radiologyHospital medicineLiverThoracic surgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1960 PDF downloadLoading ...

An Autopsied Case of a Newborn with Asplenia, Accessory Liver, Malformation of the Heart and the Major Blood Vessels and Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum in Complication

An Autopsied Case of a Newborn with Asplenia, Accessory Liver, Malformation of the Heart and the Major Blood Vessels and Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum in Complication

Congenital Malformations of the Heart and Great Vessels Associated with Splenic Anomalies other than Agenesis

SummaryCases with hypoplastic or multiple spleens may show cardiac defects and anomalies of the great vessels indistinguishable from those with agenesis of the spleen.Four examples of this fact are given in short case reports.Six random examples from the literature confirm these statements.The possibility of mistaking an accessory liver for a spleen, grossly, has been pointed out. Two cases in the literature where this reasoning may apply have been found, and two of the author's own cases with accessory livers without spleens have been referred to.The significance of hypoplastic or partitioned spleen is difficult to ascertain. The interpretation of the time during embryogenesis when this type of maldevelopment occurred is fallacious.As the purpose of this study is to catch cardiac deformities that can be assumed to have gone astray at the time of early splenic organogenesis, it would be inviting too many sources of error to include cases with malformed spleens of the type outlined above, especially since congenital heart disease is not a constant feature.

Accessory liver with double gall bladder.

The most frequent abnormalities of the liver are irregularity in form, variation in the number of lobules, and the presence of cysts. 9 A less frequent abnormality is the occurrence of an accessory liver. Most rare is an accessory gall bladder within the accessory liver. Few such anomalies have been reported. Rogues and Solier, 11 and Hardisty, Kearney, and Brooks 6 presented individual cases in which deformity of the right diaphragm was found on routine x-ray examination of the chest. In each case an accessory lobe arising from the superior surface of the right lobe of the liver was encountered in the chest cavity at operation. Friedman, Solis-Cohen, and Levine 3 reported the same type of anomaly in a one-year-old girl and pointed out the diagnostic importance of pneumoperitoneum. A case of accessory lobe arising from the right lower lobe of the liver was reported by Fraser. 2 The significance

An Accessory Liver in an African

An Accessory Liver in an African

Umbilical Accessory Liver

Umbilical Accessory Liver