Access Point Placement Research Articles

Fast Networking for Disaster Recovery

Content-Centric Networking (CCN) is now a research hotspot aiming at building up a new network architecture compared with the traditional IP-based, host-centric one. In this paper, after leaning that CCN's content naming and content-based properties make it suitable for fast network organizing in disaster recovery, we propose methods on access point placement and routing to fast connect users in a middle-scale post-disaster scenario model. Our work includes the design of a placement algorithm using graphic union coverage and a CCN routing strategy based on Breadth-First Searching, both extracting the social attributes of user node distribution. We use real-world maps for simulation and carry out comparative analysis with existing Ad Hoc methods under the same experimental conditions. The simulation results show that CCN can bring more efficient routing and robust framework to fulfill the urgent demands of post-disaster recovery.

Метод попереднього планування безпроводової локальної мережі стандарту IEEE 802.11

Examines various approaches of planning in the design of wireless network standard IEEE802.11 inthe premises. The article gives formulas and the calculation method of tasks a fixed number of users on point, and the results of simulation designing Wi-Fi network based on the program D-Link Wi-Fi Planner Pro. The program is designed for the initial analysis of the floor plan with the aim of placing it on the access points Wi-Fi. She focused on the use of the equipment D-Link, to allow for the different room settings, in particular, not only the actual floor space, but the type, material and number of partitions. In addition, D-Link Wi-Fi Planner Pro allows you to conduct calculations similar to automatic access point placement or manual. When the AP placement is very important to determine what materials are made of walls, floors, structural elements and furniture in the room, and had given this to hold equipment placement and selection of antennas to be used with access points. Keep in mind that the effective distance has a value, which will decrease the radius of action after the passage of the relevant obstacles compared to open space, and the fact that the signal decreases proportional to the square of the distance, so speed comes naturally as the distance from the access point. D-Link Wi-Fi Planner Pro showed that the audience need to install 1 (2.4 GHz) access point and 3 (in the 5 GHz band) to provide a coating with a signal level not worse than -65 dBm (for providing students with only Internet access). As can be seen, results of analytical and simulation planning only partially coincide, so when planning Wi-Fi networks need to plan the placement of access points with specialized software, not forgetting to reduce the power of each of the access points to the power level of the WiFi chip built into the tablet student.

Optimizing AP and Beacon Placement in WiFi and BLE hybrid localization

Nowadays, wireless communication techniques, such as WiFi, Bluetooth low energy (BLE), etc., have been pervasive in our daily lives, and not only provide convenient data transmission services, but also enable popular indoor positioning and navigation services. The placement of wireless infrastructures like WiFi access points (APs) and BLE beacons have significant influences on the performance of localization. More importantly, since APs and beacons are probably used for both network access and localization, it is necessary to take into account both coverage and localization when deploying APs and beacons. In addition, there still exist other critical challenges, including optimizing AP and beacon placement in WiFi and BLE hybrid localization and optimizing the placement of extra APs and/or beacons in an existing wireless network, which are essentially NP-complete. This paper tackles these problems of optimizing AP and beacon placement by proposing a heuristic differential evolution algorithm based on the widely used Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). To be specific, the CRLB is leveraged as a metric for localization and meanwhile a coverage degree criterion is defined as a metric for coverage, both of which are incorporated into the evaluation function of the differential evolution algorithm. Furthermore, instead of using the ideal log distance path loss (LDPL) model, the more practical Motley-Keenan model is adopted to reflect the influences of obstacles that are widespread in indoor environments. On these grounds, a software is designed and implemented based on Geotools to optimize AP and beacon placement in an interactive GUI manner. Finally, extensive simulations and field experiments are conducted, and a thorough comparison confirms the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

A Novel Access Point Placement Method for WiFi Fingerprinting Considering Existing APs

To achieve the satisfactory performance of WiFi fingerprinting-based indoor localization, additional access point (AP) deployment is usually required in some environments. How to place these additional APs is a problem. The current AP placement methods do not consider the existing APs. In this letter, we propose a novel AP placement method for WiFi fingerprinting that considers existing APs. The parameters of the radio propagation model are first obtained based on data collected from the existing APs. Then, based on the self-learning parameters, we perform a genetic algorithm (GA)-based optimization method for AP placement. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

One Slope Model: Efforts to Optimize Wifi Networks in the Office of communication and informatics in Palembang

Information technology in the field of transmission that is currently developing, one of which is Wi-Fi. Wi-Fi devices provide user convenience in carrying out their activities. The quality of Wi-Fi network performance can be known by the reception of the signal received by the user. If the placement of an access point (AP) is done correctly, the network will be optimized. There are several propagation models in the room that can be used as a guideline in determining the placement of the AP, one slope model is a way to measure the average level of a building and only depends on the distance of the transmitter and receiver. This research was conducted in order to overcome the problem of Wi-Fi network area coverage at the Office of Communication and Information of the City of Palembang. This study conducted an experiment to change the layout of AP's placement, measure and calculate data in priority with the one slope model. The results of measurements and calculations carried out analysis and comparison in order to determine the results of the experiments conducted. The results of this study indicate that an attempt to change the AP layout with one slope model can overcome existing problems and get better Wi-Fi coverage area performance. In the calculation with the one slope model of the 2-trial access point placement results in a decrease and an increase in signal. The signal reduction occurred in experiment 1, whereas in experiment 2 (design 2) the signal increased by 1.46dBm.

MANAJEMEN WIRELESS DENGAN MAPPING SSID ACCESS POINT PADA STMIK LOMBOK

The wireless network at STMIK Lombok is connected to the local server network and the internet with the spread of access points in several buildings. In some parts of the building have different strengths and the access point or wireless signal strengths, some have broad and strong signal coverage, but there are also areas that have limited / weak signal coverage, even no wireless or blank-spot signal. This blank spot can be caused by many obstacles, including walls, tiles, trees, and others.
 Based on observations at STMIK Lombok, wireless signal coverage has not been able to cover the entire campus building area; many are unstable and tend to be weak. Therefore, wireless management research was conducted by mapping the SSID access point which is expected to offer/give a solution so that the wireless signal can cover all STMIK Lombok campus buildings.
 Wireless management by mapping SSID access points on STMIK Lombok provides a solution for location placement and number of access points to be installed so that the campus area of ​​STMIK Lombok can be covered by wireless networks.
 Keywords : wireless, wireless network, mapping SSID, access point, MikroTik

Optimized Deployment of Millimeter Wave Networks for In-Venue Regions With Stochastic Users’ Orientation

Millimeter wave (mmW) communication is a promising solution for providing high-capacity wireless network access. However, the benefits of mmW are limited by the fact that the channel between a mmW access point and the user equipment can stochastically change due to severe blockage of mmW links by obstacles such as the human body. Thus, one main challenge of mmW network coverage is to enable directional line-of-sight links between access points and mobile devices. In this paper, a novel framework is proposed for optimizing mmW network coverage within hotspots and in-venue regions, while being cognizant of the body blockage of the network’s users. In the studied model, the locations of potential access points and users are assumed as predefined parameters while the orientation of the users is assumed to be stochastic. Hence, a joint stochastic access point placement and beam steering problem subjected to stochastic users’ body blockage is formulated, under desired network coverage constraints. Then, a greedy algorithm is introduced to find an approximation solution for the joint deployment and assignment problem using a new “size constrained weighted set cover” approach. A closed-form expression for the ratio between the optimal solution and approximate one (resulting from the greedy algorithm) is analytically derived. The proposed algorithm is simulated for three in-venue regions: the meeting room in the Alumni Assembly Hall of Virginia Tech, an airport gate, and one side of a stadium football. The simulation results show that, in order to guarantee network coverage for different in-venue regions, the greedy algorithm uses at most three more access points (APs) compared to the optimal solution. The results also show that, due to the use of the additional APs, the greedy algorithm will yield a network coverage up to 11.7% better than the optimal, AP-minimizing solution.

A Coverage Prediction Technique for Indoor Wireless Campus Network

The placement of an Access Point (AP) is an important key to determine the spread of the signal. To get the optimal spread of signals, a network designer is required to understand how much coverage an AP can generate. A prediction is given to describe the coverage area produced based on AP placement for the wireless campus network, using a coordinate map modeling based on the real size for the indoor environment. The theoretical approach is used to determine the coverage area of an AP device by testing the function of the distance between the AP and the user. The results show that the signal generated by an AP will cover the entire area that is still on the LOS propagation path. The coverage area generated through AP placement in this case study reached 77.5%. The maximum distance between the AP and the user so that it is within the coverage area is 13.851m. There are still areas that are not covered by the AP, especially for the NLOS propagation path because of the obstruction around the AP.

Efficient AP Placement Through Power Control and Partially Overlapping Channel Assignment

Deploying the access points (APs) at appropriate locations and a proper frequency assignment to them are the two crucial design parameters of 802.11 WLAN. An unplanned placement of APs may not select the appropriate locations resulting a reduced transmission coverage. Furthermore, limited availability of frequency channels in 802.11 WLAN significantly restricts the simultaneous transmissions on nearby APs. Therefore frequency planning at a post deployment phase may cause a significant cost overhead since all the APs may not be selected to operate due to increased channel interference. In this paper we jointly address the issue of efficient AP placement and frequency assignment by considering two important parameters such as power tuning and partially overlapping channel (POC) assignment. Based on these two parameters we first design an AP placement model and formulate an integer linear programming (ILP) for the same. We then propose an efficient greedy algorithm and analyze its performance with respect to other existing approaches. Extensive computer simulations have been performed to establish the novelty of the proposed approach. It has also been shown that the proposed approach is highly comparable to other existing approaches.

Opportunistic Offloading Scheme in Heterogeneous Vehicular Network

A Heterogeneous Vehicular Network (HetVNET) is a promising network system that integrates several network protocols or systems e.g. IEEE802.11p, Short Range Communication, Third/Fourth Generation mobile networks etc. In HetVNET, wireless fidelity access points (Wi-Fi APs) must utilized by automobile end users to stabilise the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) 4G networks by way of offloading. No matter how usage of the opportunistic Wi-Fi APs to offload the LTE networks in a HetVNET system is comparatively more straightforward. This circumstances is due to the less area reached by Wi-Fi access points and weak placement strategies of access points. Many researcher have suggested that offloading schemes based on the historical wireless fidelity connection patterns noticed by an interest vehicle (IV) in making an offloading conclusion. However, based only on the historical connection patterns affects the prediction accuracy and offloading ratio of most existing schemes even when access point placement data is obtainable. This work suggested that the Opportunistic Offloading Scheme (OOS) is based on historical connection patterns and vehicular trajectory computation to predict the next accessible access point. The suggested plan is decentralised and focuses on urban scenarios whereby the likelihood of an IVto come into contact with Wi-Fi access points is high. We detect the complexity of the suggested Opportunistic Offloading Scheme in this work. The result shows that Opportunistic Offloading Scheme is linear dependent on the amount of the processed data accessible for the prediction.

Indoor localization system based on virtual access points with filtering schemes

In indoor positioning techniques, Wi-Fi is one of the most used technology because of its availability and cost-effectiveness. Access points are usually the main source of Wi-Fi signals in an indoor environment. If access points are optimized to cover the indoor area, this could improve Wi-Fi signal distribution. This article proposed an alternative to optimizing access point placement and distribution by introducing virtual access points that can be virtually placed in any part of the indoor environment without installation of actual access points. Virtual access points will be created heuristically by correlating received signal strength indicator of already existing access points and through linear regression. After introducing virtual access points in the indoor environment, next will be the addition of filters to improve signal fluctuation and reduce noise interference. Kalman filter has been previously used together with virtual access point and showed improvement by decreasing error distance of Wi-Fi fingerprinting results. This article also aims to include particle filter in the system to further improve localization and test its effectiveness when paired with Kalman filter. The performance testing of the algorithm in different indoor environments resulted in 3.18 and 3.59 m error distances. An improvement was added on the system by using relative distances instead of received signal strength indicator values in distance estimation and gave an error distance average of 1.85 m.

PENGEMBANGAN JARINGAN INTERNET WIRELESS DENGAN WIFI OVERVIEW PADA OBYEK WISATA BLANGSINGA WATERFALL

Blangsinga Waterfall merupakan salah satu objek wisata dengan kondisi geografis yang sangat ekstrim, Dimana area tersebut belum tercover sinyal GSM akibatnya wisatawan tidak bisa mengakses jaringan internet. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan spot infrastruktur jaringan Wireless serta Hotspot dan kemudian melakukan pengukuran kekuatan sinyal untuk coverage areal wisata. Berdasarkan analisa lapangan ditentukan 3 (tiga) titik untuk pembangunan jaringan dan penempatan Access Point sebagai Hotspot. Implementasi diawali dengan membangun jaringan LAN. Kemudian untuk scanning channel dan pengujian sinyal access point digunakan tools Wifi Overview. Pengujian kekuatan sinyal dilakukan di sekitar areal tempat wisata dengan mengambil jarak 5m, 10m, dan 15m ke segala arah dari Access point ditempatkan. Hasil yang dicapai adalah terbangunnya internetworking untuk areal wisata Blangsinga Waterfall. Hasil berikutnya adalah adanya akses internet dimana semua areal wisata ter-cover sinyal wifi. Dengan terbangunnya infrastruktur internet, wisatawan mendapatkan akses komunikasi lebih mudah serta pengelola tempat wisata dapat mengembangkan fasilitas lain dengan berdasar jaringan internet yang sudah dibangun.

Wireless LAN transmitter location under the threat of jamming attacks

This paper studies the optimal placement of wireless access points in a network under the threat of jamming. We addressed this problem with a tri-level mixed-integer program. In the top level, the defender seeks to optimally place a set of capacity-limited access points to maximize total connectivity. In the middle level, an attacker seeks to optimally place a set of jammers that may be relocated between time periods to minimize total connectivity. In the bottom level, demand points seek to connect to capacitated access points such that their connections maximize their network utility. This model was examined from two viewpoints: a non-additive model in which connections were jammed if they fell within a jammer’s radius, and an additive model in which connections were jammed if enough jamming power was interfering with the connection. We proposed a solution methodology which solved a modified bi-level program efficiently via implicit enumeration and dynamic constraint generation. We showed that the addition of just one access point provided a significant increase to network connectivity, different topologies had different robustness when different utility functions were considered, and optimal jammer placement varied significantly across different topologies. Through our experiments on five topologies, we found the Spacious and Median topologies were closest to the optimal access point placement.

Wireless Access Points Placement Analysis on WI-FI Signal Coverage with BAYESIAN Probability Method

Wireless networks in a room are strongly influenced by interference. To overcome the interference and so that the performance from the wireless network is getting better, then optimization is done. There are several types of propagation that can interfere with the performance of wireless networks, which include the number of transmitters (access points), free space loss, Received Signal Strength (RSSI), coverage that can be served, measuring attenuation on barriers (concrete walls, soft partitions, doors, and floors).This research is an analytical study where the purpose of this study is to determine the position of access point a good in the Shari'ah Faculty Building and the Law using the method of Bayesian probability. The first stage of this research is to determine the distance of the signal reception to find out the strength of the signal with manual random sampling so that the data obtained varies. The second stage is to determine the position of the access point with a choice of several points so that the best position can be compared based on the plan of the Syari'ah Faculty and Law Building. The last step is calculating probability by the method of Bayesian probability.The results of this study are the position of the access point best on the 3rd floor, namely at position B with a probability value of 13 while on the 4th floor the position of access the point best in position A with a value of 10, position D with a value of 13 and position E with a value of 13. The most influential propagation in the Syari'ah Faculty Building and the Law is a concrete wall with a size of 60% reducing the magnitude of the signal emitted.(Abstract)

Physics-Based Optimization of Access Point Placement for Train Communication Systems

Communication-based train-control (CBTC) systems are aimed at replacing conventional rail signaling with train control enabled by wireless communication between the train and a network of access points. The position of the access points has a significant impact on the performance of such a system. This paper presents an efficient optimization framework of access point placement through combining a site-specific electromagnetic simulator and an optimization algorithm. The aim of this approach is to select an optimal distribution of access points in order to maximize the coverage of the system. To that end, radio-wave propagation is modeled with the vector parabolic equation method, while the optimization of the access point location is pursued via the robust and well-convergent Hooke and Jeeves algorithm. Practical constraints and engineering considerations associated with the deployment of CBTC systems are taken into account. Numerical results are compared with experimental measurements in an actual CBTC deployment site, demonstrating the validity and usefulness of the proposed methodology.

Analysis of the Coverage Area of the Access Point Using Netspot Simulation

Currently the ease of accessing the internet has become a fundamental requirements primarily a college surroundings. The requirement to always be connected to the internet network is seen with the growing number of access points that are installed to meet these needs. Installation of the access point is often not structured properly so that the area of scoped in the area of coverage is uneven. On the research of the simulation is done against the signal strength of the access point toward the receiver Wi-Fi in the room and the room of the student learning lecturer electrical engineering building FPTK UPI 3 and 4 floors. This research aims to map the territory of blankspot on that location, so that it can be used as a reference for optimizing the placement of access points. The research method used was the experiment through the drive test using Nestpot software. The analysis performed includes: Signal level, Signal-to- Interference ratio, and Quantity of Access point. Experimental results indicate the quality of the reception on location observed is not the same, some point receive very strong signals from more than one access point, while some other point still entered into the realm of blankspot. Of research results also gained some room located near some of the access point are having Signal to Interference Ratio-(SIR).

WiFi-Friendly Building to Enable WiFi Signal Indoor

The 802.11 networks (wireless fidelity (WiFi) networks) have been the main wireless internet access infrastructure within houses and buildings. Besides access point placement, building architectures contribute to the WiFi signal spreading. Even dough WiFi installation in buildings becomes prevalent; the building architectures still do not take WiFi-friendliness into considerations. Current research on building and WiFi are on access point location, location based service and home automation. In fact, the more friendly the building to WiFi signal, the more efficient the 802.11 based wireless infrastructure. This paper introduces the term of WiFi-friendly building by considering signal propagations, the obstacle impact, as well as proposing an ornament-attaced reflector and a hole-in-the-wall structure to improve WiFi signal distribution. Experiment results show that obstacle materials made of concrete reducing WiFi signal the most, followed by metal and wood. Reflecting materials are able to improve the received signal level, for instance, the implemented ornament-attached reflector is able improving the received signal up to 6.56 dBm. Further, the hole-in-the-wall structure is successfully increasing WiFi signal up to 2.3 dBm.

Analisis Sinyal Wireless Berdasarkan Jarak Antar Access Point Menggunakan Metode Simulated Annealing Pada SMAN 1 Praya Tengah

Access point placement on wireless networks is needed to optimize the strength of signal received by receiver from transmitter. The most influential parameter in determining the performance of access point position is signal strenght, because this value will be used to determine the coverage area of a access point. In this research, signal strengths of access point to receiver in the SMAN 1 Praya Tengah have been measured using inSSIDer application and results in the values of RSSI from transmitter to receiver. Data obtained from the filed measurements are used to analyse the influence of access point placement using simulate annealing. The research conducted is expected to generate an appropriate position and analysis for further optimization of access point position on wireless network.

Hybrid multicriteria algorithms applied to structural design of wireless local area networks

This manuscript presents a novel approach based on hybrid optimization techniques for planning Wireless Local Area Networks in two stages: i) network structure design for access point (AP) placement and channel assignment and ii) channel assignment enhancement. We consider two objective functions: network load balance and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio; and three hard constraints: maximum AP capacities, client demand attendance, and minimum coverage levels. The proposed algorithm delivers an approximation of the efficient solution set, considering the two functions described above. The results from two scenarios were compared to the following four approaches: two multiobjective evolutionary algorithms, a well-known commercial tool, and a greedy technique. Finally, the solutions were subjected to sensitivity analysis to validate their robustness regarding user mobility and AP failures.

The study of access point outdoor coverage deployment for wireless digital campus network

Wireless local area network design needs more development to obtain appropriate and effective results. Site surveys in the design process give realistic results, but require time and effort. Developing ways of predicting signal strength using empirical models can give appropriate results in access point placement to get good signal coverage. Geospatial analysis, such as inverse distance weighting, Kriging and global polynomial interpolation, has been compared. This study showed that Kriging analysis is an appropriate method to predict value the coverage area. Furthermore, predictive signal strength models such as classical, empirical and COST 231 Hatta models have been studied. The empirical model was shown to do the best predictive calculations. The empirical model used to predict signal strength combined with Kriging geographical statistical analysis gave usable signal coverage prediction for access point placement. This model will support GIS spatial analysis tools to perform effective planning in access point placement.