Access Matrix Research Articles

Actor-Actor Coordination in Wireless Sensor Actor Network Using Row Index Data Access Matrix Technique

The use of Row Indexed Data Access Matrix technique in actor-actor coordination for Wireless Sensor Actor Networks provides an easy technique to manage the large amounts of data and signals electric. It also provides convenience in adding or reducing the number of sensors, actuator, actors and sink node. This product research has been tested on the real plant. The plant used is a digital precision farming system that is conditioned in a greenhouse. Actor-actor coordination works using rida-M technique at actor node and sink node. Interaction between actor nodes is coordinated by sink node. The system testing has been performed on the real system and the actor-actor coordination configuration has Life time of power supply, 12 hours for sink node and 60 hours for sensor node.

GUIRO: User-Guided Matrix Reordering.

Matrix representations are one of the main established and empirically proven to be effective visualization techniques for relational (or network) data. However, matrices-similar to node-link diagrams-are most effective if their layout reveals the underlying data topology. Given the many developed algorithms, a practical problem arises: "Which matrix reordering algorithm should I choose for my dataset at hand?" To make matters worse, different reordering algorithms applied to the same dataset may let significantly different visual matrix patterns emerge. This leads to the question of trustworthiness and explainability of these fully automated, often heuristic, black-box processes. We present GUIRO, a Visual Analytics system that helps novices, network analysts, and algorithm designers to open the black-box. Users can investigate the usefulness and expressiveness of 70 accessible matrix reordering algorithms. For network analysts, we introduce a novel model space representation and two interaction techniques for a user-guided reordering of rows or columns, and especially groups thereof (submatrix reordering). These novel techniques contribute to the understanding of the global and local dataset topology. We support algorithm designers by giving them access to 16 reordering quality metrics and visual exploration means for comparing reordering implementations on a row/column permutation level. We evaluated GUIRO in a guided explorative user study with 12 subjects, a case study demonstrating its usefulness in a real-world scenario, and through an expert study gathering feedback on our design decisions. We found that our proposed methods help even inexperienced users to understand matrix patterns and allow a user-guided steering of reordering algorithms. GUIRO helps to increase the transparency of matrix reordering algorithms, thus helping a broad range of users to get a better insight into the complex reordering process, in turn supporting data and reordering algorithm insights.

Quantitative proteomics using tandem mass tags in relation to the acute phase protein response in chicken challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide endotoxin

The inflammatory response in chickens (Gallus Gallus domesticus) is an integral part of the bird's response to infection. Detailing proteomic changes occurring during infection would be beneficial to the poultry industry, offering opportunities for comparative pathophysiological analysis. The objective of this study was to quantify the changes in the plasma proteome in chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin known to stimulate the host innate immune system. Plasma from chicken (N = 6) challenged with Escherichia coli (LPS) (2 mg/kg body weight) was collected pre (0 h) and at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h post-injection along with plasma from a control group (N = 6) challenged with sterile saline. Samples were analysed by a quantitative Tandem Mass Tags approach using a Q-Exactive-Plus mass-spectrometer. Identification and relative quantification were performed using Proteome Discoverer, and data were analysed using R. Gene Ontology terms were analysed by Cytoscape based on the Gallus gallus database. Finally, 87 significantly regulated proteins were found, including serum-amyloid-A, ovotransferrin and alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein, showing a significant effect of time post-injection in the LPS-treated group. Different pathways related with protein activation cascade and heterotopic cell-cell adhesion were affected by LPS-challenge. LPS-challenged chickens demonstrate significant changes to the plasma proteome with both increases and decreases of individual proteins within 12 h of challenge. SignificanceThe injection of chicken with bacterial lipopolysaccharide followed by sequential plasma and clinical analysis of the bird, is a long established and a widely used model for inflammation and infection studies. This study, utilising and combining proteomic and immunoassay analysis with bioinformatic analysis, revealed that several biological pathways are modulated during this early period of inflammation. In addition, proteins with biomarker potential were identified and successfully validated. This experimental model also demonstrated potential for pathophysiological mechanism investigation and as an inflammatory model for biomedical research. There is, despite plasma being an easily accessible biological matrix which is representative of the health status of the bird, scarce data on the chicken plasma proteome. This research makes a positive contribution to the current field, generating significant data for continuing comparative analysis.

Surfactant-Enhanced Permanganate Oxidation on Mass-Flux Reduction and Mass Removal (MFR-MR) Relationship for Pool-Dominated TCE Source Zones in Heterogeneous Porous Media

Chlorinated solvents generally enter the subsurface as dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPL) and accumulation mostly occurs in aquifers as pool-dominated zones that can cause long-term aqueous phase groundwater contamination. In situ remediation of DNAPL source zones in such systems is crucial for protecting and/or restoring groundwater quality in these aquifer systems having significant groundwater potential. The objective of the project was to investigate the surfactant-enhanced permanganate oxidation efficacy for pool-dominated DNAPL source zones in heterogeneous aquifer media. A complementary objective of this study was to investigate the impact of nonuniform distribution of DNAPL source zones, surfactant-enhanced dissolution and surfactant-enhanced permanganate oxidation conditions on mass-flux reduction/mass-removal behavior relationships. A series of 2-D flow-cell tank experiments using various grain sizes silica sand and natural soil were conducted as part of this study. DNAPL trichloroethene (TCE) was used as a chlorinated solvent, and SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and KMnO4 (potassium permanganate) were used as anionic surfactant and oxidant (remediation agents), respectively. The results were compared with a water-flooding experiment to test the remediation effort. Although, high fractions of TCE source zones in the heterogeneous porous media were removed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-enhanced flushing, TCE removal in this system exhibited an extended multi-step concentration elution behavior. This nonideal behavior was observed for both the water-flood and SDS-flushing experiments. The results emphasized that in the early stage, some portion of the organic liquid is hydraulically accessible (matrix) whereas the later stage of mass removal was controlled by the more poorly accessible mass (pool) associated with higher saturation zones. Our results also showed that the distribution and the emplacement of organic liquid and flow-field heterogeneity had a significant influence on remediation and removal for both flushing solution (SDS and water). It was postulated that when SDS/MnO4 was applied with sufficient dosage and provided enough contact time, pool-dominated source zones could be remediated more efficiently compared to surfactant flushing alone. As a result, the performance of technology depends on the site characteristics which are critical to characterize effective DNAPL remediation strategies for contaminated sites.

Analysis on the Influencing Factors of Transformation of Green Logistics Industry of Dangshan Pear Based on ISM

The state strongly advocates the construction of ecological civilization, which brings opportunities to the production and consumption of green products. The green stream of the development of the pear (sweet pear) is of great significance for the county in Suzhou city, Anhui province, which is a major economic crop. There are many disadvantages in the traditional pear logistics mode, and it is changing in the direction of green logistics. In this paper, the author USES the interpretation structure model (ISM) method to refine and analyze the factors affecting the development of green logistics of the pear, and summarizes the 12 influencing factors and their interrelationships through literature collection, data access and other methods, and establishes the Adjacency matrix and the Accessibility matrix, and constructs the Six-order interpretation structure model. Based on the analysis of the model, six suggestions are proposed to promote the development of green logistics transformation in Dangshan County, and provide references for the development of green agricultural logistics industry in Dangshan County and other areas in China.

Preparation of carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene/mesoporous silica composites for selective extraction of miglitol and voglibose in rat plasma

In this work, magnetic graphene/mesoporous silica composites with carbon-functionalized pore-walls (denoted as MG@mSiO2-C composites) were synthesized and applied as restricted access matrix solid phase extraction (RAM-SPE) adsorbents for the determination of miglitol and voglibose in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS. The MG@mSiO2-C composites were synthesized by using the template (Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide, CTAB) as carbon source with sulfuric acid pretreated. The obtained nano-composites were proven to have many unique properties such as large specific surface area of 277.1 cm2 g−1, uniform mesopores with average pore size of 3.35 nm, and carbon-functionalized pore-walls. Taking advantage of the hydrophilic interaction between carbon and glycans, α-glucosidase inhibitors (miglitol and voglibose) could be directly extracted from rat plasma with no need of other pre-treatment procedures. The SPE conditions such as the adsorbent amount, elution solvent type, adsorption time and elution time were optimized. For both miglitol and voglibose, good linearities of 10–2000 ng mL−1 were obtained with determination coefficients (R2) > 0.99. The intra-day and inter-day RSDs were 3.3–6.9% (n = 6) and 6.0–8.0% (n = 6), respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 99.9–100.4% and the sensitivities were as low as 2–2.5 ng mL−1 (LOD). This MG@mSiO2-C composites-based RAM-SPE method offers high extraction efficiency for the determination of α-glucosidase inhibitor in plasma.

A Lightweight Policy Preserving EHR Sharing Scheme in the Cloud

Electronic Health Record (EHR) is a digital health documentary. It contains not only the health-related records but also the personal sensitive information. Therefore, how to reliably share EHR through the cloud is a challenging issue. Ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) is a promising cryptography prototype, which can achieve fine-grained access control as well as one-to-many encryption. In CP-ABE, access policy is attached to the ciphertext, and however, the access policy is not protected, which will also cause some privacy leakage. In this paper, we propose a policy preserving EHR system on the basis of CP-ABE. Specifically, we designed an algorithm, which can hide the entire access policy as well as recover the hidden attributes from the access matrix. The subsequent evaluation of element insert, lookup, and recovery shows that our proposed scheme only introduces light-weighted overhead cost. The security analysis indicates that the scheme is selectively secure under $q$ -BDHE assumption.

Policy instruments surrounding urban air quality: The cases of São Paulo, New York City and Paris

Fifteen years of major policies and programs on air pollution control in New York City, São Paulo and Paris were reported in order to draw attention to each city’s management tendencies. The study highlighted the strategies implemented, showing that overall levels of atmospheric pollution have decreased in the three cities, but they continue to be above WHO recommendations. While regulatory approaches are commonly embraced to lower air pollution levels, the three cities differ in the way and extent to which they have prioritized control technologies, mobility, public transport accessibility and energy matrix. Despite all sharing the technological capacity to develop cleaner fuels and foster non-motorized transport modes, disparities in transportation options, infrastructure and commuting distance appear to have an impact on the use of privately owned vehicles and pollution levels. This is partly due to the lack of public transportation and to local political choices. The three examples show how regulatory approaches alone are not enough to ameliorate air quality and suggest that each city should incorporate programs that account for people’s travel choices. For policymakers, prioritizing air quality offers the potential to have a positive short-term impact on health and on the local environment, particularly in low and middle-income countries.

Discovering Student E-Learning Preferred Navigation Paths Using Selection Page and Time Preference Algorithm

In this paper, the student navigation paths and student or visitor interested page is identified. Student navigation interest pattern mining contains both the frequently navigation path based on webpage memory size and session length .Relatively comparing access proportion of viewing time and selective page size, preference can be used for mining student learning pattern instead of interested subject. In order to identify Preferred Navigation Paths, an efficient algorithm for Visitor Access Matrix (VAM) by the page to page transition probabilities statistics of all visitor behaviors is introduced in this paper. Second, we propose an efficient algorithm for Selection and Time Preference (SATP) to identify the preference of web pages by viewing time. Third, the user interested page would calculate by both memory size and session. In this way we proposed the Preference of page content size and session identifier algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated and the algorithms can determine preferred navigation path efficiently. The experimental results show the accuracy and scalability of the algorithms. This approach may be helpful in E-learning, E-business, such as web personalization and website designer

Modeling the modified drug release from curved shape drug delivery systems – Dome Matrix®

The controlled drug release from hydrogel-based drug delivery systems is a topic of large interest for research in pharmacology. The mathematical modeling of the behavior of these systems is a tool of emerging relevance, since the simulations can be of use in the design of novel systems, in particular for complex shaped tablets. In this work a model, previously developed, was applied to complex-shaped oral drug delivery systems based on hydrogels (Dome Matrix®). Furthermore, the model was successfully adopted in the description of drug release from partially accessible Dome Matrix® systems (systems with some surfaces coated). In these simulations, the erosion rate was used asa fitting parameter, and its dependence upon the surface area/volume ratio and upon the local fluid dynamics was discussed. The model parameters were determined by comparison with the drug release profile from a cylindrical tablet, then the model was successfully used for the prediction of the drug release from a Dome Matrix® system, for simple module configuration and for module assembled (void and piled) configurations. It was also demonstrated that, given the same initial S/V ratio, the drug release is independent upon the shape of the tablets but it is only influenced by the S/V evolution. The model reveals itself able to describe the observed phenomena, and thus it can be of use for the design of oral drug delivery systems, even if complex shaped.

Synthesis of magnetic graphene/mesoporous silica composites with boronic acid-functionalized pore-walls for selective and efficient residue analysis of aminoglycosides in milk

In this study, magnetic graphene/mesoporous silica composites with boronic acid-functionalized pore-walls were synthesized for the first time by a two-step post-graft method. The obtained nano-composites were proven to hold many attractive features such as large specific surface area, uniform mesopores, high magnetic responsibility, and boronic acid-functionalized inner pore-walls. Aminoglycoside residues in milk were extracted using MG@mSiO2-APB composites as restricted access matrix dispersive solid phase extraction adsorbents through the interaction between boronic acid groups and glucoside structures. Extraction conditions were optimized by studying the SPE parameters. Limits of detection of the method were as low as 5ngmL−1 for streptomycin) and 2ngmL−1 for dihydrostreptomycin. Finally, magnetic graphene/mesoporous silica composites with boronic acid-functionalized pore-walls were successfully applied to residue analysis in milk samples. Compared to the traditional extraction methods, using this nano-composites for aminoglycoside residues analysis in milk is more sensitive, effective and convenient.

Graphene Nanoribbons @ Vanadium Oxide Nanostrips for Supercapacitive Energy Storage

Nanocomposite GNR@VOS composed of V2O5 nanostrips (VOS) embedded over graphene nanoribbons (GNR) is synthesized by facile hydrothermal route and examined as supercapacitor electrode. GNR as support in mere ∼15wt% plays an important role in patterning the nanocomposite growth as a template. Selective formation of VOS leads to ordered growth and at the same time channelizes the microstructural (shape/size, porosity) as well electrochemical characteristics of the nanocomposite. GNR@VOS so formed is highly accessible electrode matrix in which the underlying GNR acts as conducting support to efficiently minimize the internal resistance (iR-drop) of the electrode. The study suggests that the conductive properties of VOS can be enhanced by integration with GNR displaying increased solid-state conductivity by two orders (bare VOS: 4.2×10−4Sm−1 and GNR@VOS: 1.4×10−2Sm−1). These attributes result in high energy density for GNR@VOS as 42.09 Wh kg−1 at power density 475Wkg−1. The enhanced performance of GNR@VOS supercapacitor cell from low (1Ag−1) to high current density (20Ag−1) is attributed to the balanced ionic and electronic conduction.

Biomarkers for the Detection of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: A Review.

Alcohol exposure during pregnancy can cause adverse effects to the fetus, because it interferes with fetal development, leading to later physical and mental impairment. The most common clinical tool to determine fetal alcohol exposure is maternal self-reporting. However, a more objective and useful method is based on the use of biomarkers in biological specimens alone or in combination with maternal self-reporting. This review reports on clinically relevant biomarkers for detection of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). A systematic search was performed to ensure a proper overview in existing literature. Studies were selected to give an overview on clinically relevant neonatal and maternal biomarkers. The direct biomarkers fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), ethyl glucuronide (EtG), ethyl sulfate, and phosphatidylethanol (PEth) were found to be the most appropriate biomarkers in relation to detection of PAE. To review each biomarker in a clinical context, we have compared the advantages and disadvantages of each biomarker, in relation to its window of detectability, ease of collection, and the ease and cost of analysis of each biomarker. The biomarkers PEth, FAEEs, and EtG were found to be applicable for detection of even low levels of alcohol exposure. Meconium is an accessible matrix for determination of FAEEs and EtG, and blood an accessible matrix for determination of PEth.

A rabbit model for assessment of volatile metabolite changes observed from skin: a pressure ulcer case study

Human skin presents a large, easily accessible matrix that is potentially useful for diagnostic applications based on whole body metabolite changes—some of which will be volatile and detected using minimally invasive tools. Unfortunately, identifying skin biomarkers that can be reliably linked to a particular condition is challenging due to a large variability of genetics, dietary intake, and environmental exposures within human populations. This leads to a paucity of clinically validated volatile skin biomarker compounds. Animal models present a very convenient and attractive way to circumvent many of the variability issues. The rabbit (Leporidae) is a potentially logistically useful model to study the skin metabolome, but very limited knowledge of its skin metabolites exists. Here we present the first comprehensive assessment of the volatile fraction of rabbit skin metabolites using polydimethylsiloxane sorbent patch sampling in conjunction with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A collection of compounds that are secreted from rabbit skin was documented, and predominantly acyclic long-chain alkyls and alcohols were detected. We then utilized this animal model to study differences between intact skin and skin with early pressure ulcers, as the latter are a major problem in intensive care units. Four New Zealand female white rabbits underwent ulcer formation on one ear with the other ear as a control. Early-stage ulcers were created with neodymium magnets. Histologic analysis showed acute heterophilic dermatitis, edema, and micro-hemorrhage on the ulcerated ears with normal findings on the control ears. The metabolomic analysis revealed subtle but noticeable differences, with several compounds associated with the oxidative stress-related degradation of lipids found to be present in greater abundances in ulcerated ears. The metabolomic findings correlate with histologic evidence of early-stage ulcers. We postulate that the Leporidae model recapitulated the vascular changes associated with ulcer formation. This study illustrates the potential usefulness of the Leporidae model for skin metabolome studies. Additionally, skin metabolome analysis may enhance an understanding of non-skin sources such as urine or breath.

Heuristics for Distributed Denial of Services

Distributed Denial of Service (DDOS) attacks are common threats to the Internet. Derived from lower layers, novel application layer based DDoSassaults utilize authentic Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) queries for overwhelming resources of victims making them hard to detect. The study suggests a technique for detecting DDoS assaults from traffic flow trace from which Access Matrix (AM) is generated. Because it is multidimensional, Principle Component Analysis (PCA) decreases features utilized in detection. PCA may be utilized for feature transformation into higher dimensions for discovering features subset. Furthermore, performance may be determined in training as well as testing procedure of Support Vector Machine (SVM) for classification with regard to detection rates as well as false alarms. SVM is popular due to its excellent performance in pattern classification in comparison to other techniques as with lesser data regarding the given data set, SVM performs better in testing. Feature classification is done with SVM that is optimized with BAT as well as Cuckoo Search (CS) protocol for improving classification rate. The outcomes prove improved performance in comparison to standard classifiers.

The use of conifer needles as biomonitor candidates for the study of temporal air pollution variation in the Strasbourg region

The continuous emission of polluting chemicals into the atmosphere requires the implementation of monitoring of ambient air quality. The use of vegetation for environmental monitoring can be considered as a simple monitoring technique by providing a cheap and accessible matrix. In this study, needles of two conifers (Pinus nigra and Cedrus atlantica), were used for the consecutive biomonitoring of multipollutants such as pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an urban area in Strasbourg (France). The extraction was performed by accelerated solvent extraction, solid-phase extraction, and solid-phase microextraction and was followed by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry analyses. The results obtained for conifer samples collected in 5 successive weeks (April 09–May 07, 2015) show a similar variation of the different types of pollutants. A pollution peak was observed during the second week of analysis, and the concentration of all pollutants then decreased to complete disappearance at the end of the sampling period. PAHs were the most concentrated with a total concentration of about 35.87 ng g−1, and naphthalene was, among these pollutants, the most concentrated with a total concentration of about 15.1 ng g−1. The analysis of meteorological data during this period suggests that the results correlated with climatic conditions that widely vary during this period of the year. The results show that the concentration peak was obtained when no precipitation was detected.

Preparation of magnetic graphene/mesoporous silica composites with phenyl-functionalized pore-walls as the restricted access matrix solid phase extraction adsorbent for the rapid extraction of parabens from water-based skin toners

In this work, phenyl-functionalized magnetic graphene/mesoporous silica composites (MG-mSiO2-Ph) were prepared and applied as restricted access matrix solid phase extraction (RAM-SPE) adsorbents to determine the parabens in commercially available retail cosmetics. MG-mSiO2-Ph composites were synthesized by a surfactant-mediated co-condensation reaction in which mesoporous silica with phenyl-functionalized pore-walls was coated on a magnetic graphene sheet. The obtained nano-composites were proven to be of sufficient quality for an ideal RAM-SPE adsorbent with a large specific surface area of 369m2g−1, uniform mesopores of 2.8nm, and special phenyl-functionalized pore-walls. Parabens, such as methyl paraben, ethyl paraben and propyl paraben, were extracted from water-based skin toners using one step of the RAM-SPE and were then analysed by a HPLC-DAD system. The SPE conditions were optimized by studying the parameters, such as the adsorbent amount, elution solvent type, adsorption time and desorption time, that influence the extraction efficiency. For each analyte, there were good linearities of approximately 0.10–120μgmL−1 with determination coefficients (R2)>0.995. The sensitivity was as low as 0.01–0.025μgmL−1 for the LOD, and the percent recoveries were 98.37–105.84%. The intra-day and inter-day RSDs were 1.44–6.11% (n=6) and 3.12–11.70% (n=6), respectively. The results indicated that this method with novel RAM-SPE adsorbents is sensitive and convenient. The results also offered an attractive alternative for the extraction and determination of paraben preservatives in a complex matrix, such as cosmetics.

DroidChain: A novel Android malware detection method based on behavior chains

The drastic increase of Android malware has led to strong interest in automating malware analysis. In this paper, to fight against malware variants and zero-day malware, we proposed DroidChain: a method combining static analysis and a behavior chain model. We transform the malware detection problem into more accessible matrix form. Using this method, we propose four kinds of malware models, including privacy leakage, SMS financial charges, malware installation, and privilege escalation. To reduce time complexity, we propose the WxShall-extend algorithm. We had moved the prototype to GitHub and evaluate using 1260 malware samples. Experimental malware detection results demonstrate accuracy, precision, and recall of 73%–93%, 71%–99%, and 42%–92%, respectively. Calculation time accounts for 6.58% of the well-known Warshall algorithm’s expense. Results demonstrate that our method, which can detect four kinds of malware simultaneously, is better than Androguard and Kirin.

Microwave-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis followed by extraction with restricted access nanocomposites for rapid analysis of glucocorticoids residues in liver tissue

We developed a novel, simple and fast method for the determination of glucocorticoids residues in liver tissue by combining microwave-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis and restricted access matrix dispersive solid phase extraction (RAM-dSPE) followed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Firstly, microwave-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis was introduced in order to obtain a maximum amount of unconjugated parent drug in a short time (8s), while the traditional method commonly needs 4–12h. Secondly, further cleanup was carried out by RAM-dSPE based on the graphene@mSiO2-C8 nanomaterials which were synthesized by coating mesoporous silica onto hydrophilic graphene nano-sheets through a surfactant-mediated co-condensation sol-gel process. The enzymatic hydrolysis influencing factors (pH of the buffer, microwave radiation power, incubation time) and the experimental conditions of RAM-dSPE (sorbents amount, type and volume of the elution solvent, adsorption and desorption time) were optimized. Three glucocorticoids (prednisolone (PREL), betamethasone (BE) and dexamethasone (DE)) were selected as models to evaluate the feasibility of the method. According to the results, the developed method provided low detection limit (S/N=3) of 0.01–0.05μgkg−1 and good linearity range of 0.25–800μgkg−1 (R2>0.996) for glucocorticoids. The limit of quantification (S/N=10) range from 0.03 to 0.19μgkg−1. Compared with other traditional methods, the developed method could provide similar or even better results in a greatly reduced analysis time.

Влияние формирующих матриц на помехозащищенность каналов связи с множественным доступом на основе разреженных кодов

Влияние формирующих матриц на помехозащищенность каналов связи с множественным доступом на основе разреженных кодов