Access Matrix Research Articles

Towards more equitable cooling services of urban parks: Linking cooling effect, accessibility and attractiveness

Global warming and rapid urbanization have caused frequent occurrences of heat waves and urban heat island effect, presenting a significant threat to health of urban residents. Researches have indicated that cooling services provided by parks are essential in alleviating impact of heat wave events and urban heat island effect. However, previous researches on park cooling services center around cooling effect, with a lack of exploration regarding the fairness of such services. To fill this gap, this study quantifies the level of equity in cooling services in 18 parks in the core area of Hangzhou. Through this study, we hope to clarify the current situation of fairness of cooling services in urban parks and provide fairer park cooling services through scientific and reasonable park layouts. This will alleviate the threat of rapid urbanization and climate change to urban residents, and make the urban environment develop in a more livable direction. We assessed the cooling effect using remote sensing and the ArcGIS platform to screen parks with cooling effect and to quantify their cooling service efficiency. We utilized spatial network analysis to quantify the accessibility and origin-destination matrix data to quantify the attractiveness to reflect the level of park cooling services. The results reveal that 18 parks exhibit a noticeable cooling effect, albeit with variations observed among parks. The percentage of urban parks with low accessibility is 77.80%, indicating that the distribution of accessible space presents an uneven status quo. In addition, 72.20% of parks have low attractiveness of cooling services, indicating that some parks have insufficient attractiveness of cooling services. Based on each indicator of cooling services, we categorize urban parks into four types based on supply and demand, and propose adaptive planning measures and intervention strategies to provide a reference for equitable distribution of cooling services in urban parks.

ReLAC: Revocable and Lightweight Access Control With Blockchain for Smart Consumer Electronics

The increasing popularity of consumer smart devices has led to concerns about the security of electronic data. Blockchains, which are tamper-proof, can be used to store electronic data securely, preserving the privacy of individuals and devices. However, most of the consumer smart devices are resource-constrained, so the computational overhead of blockchain based schemes should not be ignored. Furthermore, the dynamic change of consumer smart devices in real-world scenarios is also an open issue. In this paper, a revocable and lightweight access control scheme (ReLAC) is proposed to realize deduplication and dynamic user revocation for smart consumer electronics/devices using blockchain. To protect the privacy of consumers and devices in the access matrix, the partially hidden policy is adopted in the proposed scheme. Note that, no detailed attribute values of the consumers or the devices are included in the ciphertext transmission. Finally, outsourced decryption is applied to solve the resource-constrained problem of smart consumer electronics/devices. The proposed scheme is proved to be s-IND-CPA secure in the standard model if there exists no one can crackle the decisional q-BDHE assumption. The performance analysis and experiments demonstrate that the proposed scheme is secure and computational efficiency for the application in consumer electronic systems.

Инжиниринг привилегий в задаче построения ролевой политики разграничения доступа

The problem of role engineering is extended by the subproblem of permissions engineering. It is assumed that discretionary access control is specified in the information system. To build a role-based security policy, a technique based on algorithms for formal concept analysis is proposed. Based on the access matrix, a Galois lattice is constructed, the nodes of which are interpreted as possible permissions. Criteria for choosing the optimal set of permissions are determined and a heuristic algorithm for solving the problem is discussed.

Анализ процесса создания безопасной информационной системы предприятия

The article is an analysis of the key stages of the development of a secure enterprise information system. The focus is on highlighting the stages of determining information security objectives, risk assessment, vulnerability identification, as well as the process of making informed decisions in the context of information system security. The article provides detailed recommendations for creating reports on the completed risk analysis and the process of making informed decisions based on the results obtained. As part of the work, the analysis of the processes of compiling a matrix of the probability of the occurrence of threats, building a model of the violator and the stages of building a threat model was also carried out, providing an understanding of effective recommendations for assessing and managing the risks of information security of the enterprise and forecasting threats. The definitions of all the terms used and examples of the access matrix, the threat probability matrix are also given. The components of the intruder models and threat models are indicated. The most common errors in the process of creating a risk analysis report and presenting it to management are noted. The presented analysis serves as an important resource for information security specialists and business managers who are interested in building a reliable and secure information system.

Advancing minigrid clusters in Ethiopia: A Multi-Tier Framework for optimal planning and sizing

This paper introduces an innovative approach to promote sustainable electrification in Ethiopia through the strategic development of minigrid clusters. In collaboration with Ethiopian authorities, technical and economic barriers obstructing the large-scale deployment of minigrid clusters are systematically identified. A novel Multi-Tier Framework (MTF)-based energy access matrix is presented, facilitating the creation of hybrid load profiles prioritizing affordability and reliability. The most suitable multi-criteria optimization strategy tailored to the Ethiopian context is explored, emphasizing the need for scalable and adaptable solutions. The proposed approach is rigorously validated through case studies in three villages within the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNP). The research findings reveal the remarkable techno-economic advantages of minigrid clusters when compared to single minigrids, establishing the practicality and significance of the methodology. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to assess the impact of varying techno-economic scenarios on optimal sizing, providing essential insights for decision-makers. As a result, this paper significantly contributes to the upcoming deployment of four planned large-scale minigrids in the SNNP region, funded by the African Development Bank. Valuable guidance for stakeholders and decision-makers involved in minigrid cluster development in Ethiopia is offered, underscoring the critical role of such systems in achieving sustainable energy access and fostering socioeconomic progress.

Management of medical record data with multi-level security on Amazon Web Services

Blockchain technology has gained significant attention in the most recent years due to its potential to address related issues to privacy, transparency, and security. In the healthcare industry, it is considered a promising solution to challenges related to data management, medical data privacy, and security. This paper proposes a novel framework for managing electronic medical healthcare records that uses Amazon Web Services (AWS) to create a secure and cost-effective solution. The proposed solution uses a serverless approach to reduce costs and only pay for the compute resources when needed. The framework focuses on improving the security of access to the blockchain network by implementing a multi-level security approach, starting from protecting the Hyperledger and implementing role-based access for end-users who require access to the stored data. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated by creating a role-based access matrix for three different user types and performing multiple experiments to validate access for each user type.

Fire Dynamics on a Micro-regional Scale: Methodology and application based on free data and softwares

Research Purpose: Proposes a methodology for space-time analysis of fires/burn on a microregional scale based on free data from the burning program of INPE – National Institute for Space Research and use of free software. Methodology: The methodological referral covered the reference on the subject, the acquisition of accessible vector and matrix data and records from the INPE fires/burn database. The product validation was referenced in the publications of INPE fires and reports. Findings: The results revealed that of the 209 burn detected in the South Coast Microregion of the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil between 2009 and 2019, 60.3% or 126 occurred in land uses of "Pasture" and in "Temporary Crops". It also showed 4 registers inside the Conservation Units - UCs and 26 the damping zone of 3 km of the UCs. The monthly analysis indicated the highest records in the months marked by low rainfall and dry indices, with the highlight for July to September, concentrating 45.9% or 93 of the 209 occurrences. Originality/Value: The use of the methodology offers an important contribution to control and monitoring actions, which can be applied in municipalities or regions that need studies of this nature, because it considered the occurrences in the territory from reference data of accessible fires, charting with free software places most susceptible to disasters of this nature.

Study On Risk Identification of Corporate Supply Chain Finance Based on ISM-MICMAC Model

It is crucial to accurately identify the main influencing factors of supply chain finance risk, analyze their mechanism of action and construct a system of influencing factors for risk management of supply chain finance. This paper examines the three parties involved in supply chain finance, including the financial institution, the core enterprise, and the SMEs, and screens out 21 major risk factors from them. This study calculates the adjacency matrix and accessibility matrix by using SPSSPRO, then constructs the interpretative structural modeling method (ISM) and the recursive structure diagram. Combining the Matrix-based Multiplication Applied to a Classification (MICMAC), this paper classifies the influencing factors into four categories: autonomous category, dependent category, linkages category, and independent category. The results show that: (1) the factors that constitute the deepest level of risk in supply chain finance are crediting false trade, non-standard bill of lading, data information security risk, imperfection of business process design, et cetera. (2) Among all factors, three factors are identified as the autonomous category, nine as the independent category, and nine as the dependent category with no linkages category.

Interfacial engineered superelastic metal-organic framework aerogels with van-der-Waals barrier channels for nerve agents decomposition

Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) significantly threaten human peace and global security. Most personal protective equipment (PPE) deployed to prevent exposure to CWAs is generally devoid of self-detoxifying activity. Here we report the spatial rearrangement of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) into superelastic lamellar-structured aerogels based on a ceramic network-assisted interfacial engineering protocol. The optimized aerogels exhibit efficient adsorption and decomposition performance against CWAs either in liquid or aerosol forms (half-life of 5.29 min, dynamic breakthrough extent of 400 L g−1) due to the preserved MOF structure, van-der-Waals barrier channels, minimized diffusion resistance (~41% reduction), and stability over a thousand compressions. The successful construction of the attractive materials offers fascinating perspectives on the development of field-deployable, real-time detoxifying, and structurally adaptable PPE that could be served as outdoor emergency life-saving devices against CWAs threats. This work also provides a guiding toolbox for incorporating other critical adsorbents into the accessible 3D matrix with enhanced gas transport properties.

A novel carbon dots synthesized based on easily accessible biological matrix for the detection of enrofloxacin residues

With the rise of nanomaterials in recent years, a variety of carbon dots (CDs) with good properties synthesized by chemicals have been developed. Herein, Enrofloxacin (ENR) can be detected by environmentally friendly poplar flower CDs (Pf-CDs). Based on the concept of green chemistry, the precursor material is waste poplar flower, which is an easilyobtainable plant biomass. Without any special treatment, the whole preparation process for Pf-CDs is quite simple. Meanwhile, the prepared Pf-CDs have outstanding properties such as brilliant luminous performance and good biocompatibility. The Pf-CDs are typically 6.40 nm in size, with excitation/emission wavelengths of 368/445 nm, respectively. It is worth noting that intermolecular hydrogen bonds are formed between Pf-CDs and ENR, leading to the occurrence of aggregation-induced-emission (AIE). The fluorescence signal of Pf-CDs showed a linear relationship with the added ENR concentration of 0.2–100 µM, with a detection limit of 0.076 µM. With a recovery rate of 94.8%-103.15%, it has shown its potentiality and wide application in the detection of ENR in dairy products and domestic water.

How quantum phases on cylinders approach the two-dimensional limit

We consider the properties of $T=0$ quantum phases of matter - especially superconducting and analogous spin-liquid phases - on infinite cylinders of width $L_\perp$ and analyze the ways in which the $L_\perp \to \infty$ (2d) limit is approached. This problem is interesting in its own right, but is particularly important in the context of extrapolating accessible density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) results on model strongly interacting problems to the desired 2d limit. Various methods for drawing firm conclusions about the quantum phases in 2d from relatively small $L_{\perp}$ results are illustrated.

Interaction between Development Intensity: An Evaluation of Alternative Spatial Weight Matrices

This paper investigates the spatial dependency of job and worker densities for the Minneapolis–St. Paul (Twin Cities) metropolitan area using census block level data from 2002 to 2017. A spatial weight matrix is proposed, considering the statistical expression of data, referred to as the correlation matrix, which detects the variations of dependencies among spatial units in both direction and level. The superior performance of the correlation matrix is demonstrated through a series of spatial regression models to predict land use patterns, in comparison with the conventionally used adjacency matrix as well as the accessibility matrix.

Research on Risk Chain Identification of Business Management in Chinese SMEs Based on ISM-MICMAC Model

Under the background of the new era, enterprise business management faces the threat of various change factors, so it is very important to study the risk of enterprise business management. This paper summarizes the factors that affect the risk of enterprise business management through literature analysis, and constructs the index system of enterprise business management risk chain on this basis. Using the interpretative structural model (ISM), the accessibility matrix is calculated and decomposed; then, the cross-influence matrix (MICMAC) model is used to calculate the driving force and dependence of risk indicators, and finally the deep indicators are obtained. The results show that legal policy, macroeconomic environment, social environment and talent structure have strong driving force and low dependence, which are the deep indexes to control business management risk. Based on the ISM-MICMAC method, the key factors affecting business management risk are identified, which provides theoretical support for the effective construction of business management risk chain and points out the direction for subsequent research on business management risk.

Mass-flux Reduction and Mass Removal Relationships (MFR-MR) of Pool-dominated Multicomponent DNAPLs in Heterogeneous Geological System

<p>Contamination of groundwater by chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethylene (TCE, tetrachloroethylene (PCE), and 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1DCE) is a widespread problem that can seriously threaten human health and the environment. These compounds are often present as dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) mixtures in the subsurface that serve as a long-term groundwater contamination sources. The objective of this study is to test the effectiveness of different in-situ flushing agents (SDS, Tween 80, MCD, and water) for the recovery of DNAPL mixtures (TCE, PCE, 1,1DCE) entrapped in heterogeneous aquifer media. A series of batch tests were first performed to assess the multiphase behavior of water-DNAPL mixture-reagent system. Intermediate scale tank experiments were then performed to compare the performance of the reagent solutions. The flushing breakthrough curves were also used to investigate the impact of solubilization agents on mass-flux reduction/mass-removal behavior relationships. Performance of agents on DNAPL mixture source zone remediation was found to be in the following order: Tween 80>SDS>MCD>>Water. Individual DNAPL constituents exhibited transient effective solubilities that depend on the reagent contents and DNAPL compositions. Although high fractions of DNAPL source zones in heterogeneous porous media were removed through chemical flushing (SDS, Tween 80, MCD, and water), the heterogeneous system exhibited an extended multi-step concentration behavior. The results emphasized that in the early stage, some portion of the organic liquid is hydraulically accessible (matrix) whereas the later stage of mass removal was controlled by the more poorly accessible mass (pool) associated with higher-saturation zones. Our results also showed that the distribution and the emplacement of organic liquid, flow-field heterogeneity, sorption and desorption, and flushing solution all influenced the DNAPL mixture removal. The results from this study underline the need for understanding the multiphase behaviour of a system, particularly when DNAPL mixtures are present, prior to field-scale remediation implementation.</p>

Target-Oriented Satellite Constellation Method for Revisit Performance

This paper presents an optimization method for satellite constellations, oriented for observation targets in an area of interest. Specifically, the satellite constellation is optimized considering the observation priority and weight for dispersed targets in the region and can be intensively deployed for dense targets. The extensively studied Walker constellation is limited in terms of the mission design, which is based on the observation weights and intensive observations of targets, owing to the characteristics of the globally regular distribution. Thus, this study proposes a method to apply various optimization problems based on the number of accesses of the satellite to the observation target while solving the limitations of the typical Walker technique. The optimization and targeting of this study is achieved by constellation design based on dynamic model of repeating ground track, approximate solution of sensor swath through geometric analysis of ground track, and implementation of Access Matrix for multiple targets. These findings dramatically reduce the revisit performance compared to the Walker constellation and suggest an optimized constellation design technique of the satellite group for multiple targets.

A Novel Fully Hardware-Implemented SVD Solver Based on Ultra-Parallel BCV Jacobi Algorithm

Efficient FPGA-based floating-point singular value decomposition (SVD) is challenging for its enormous complexity with the rapid growth of the matrix dimension. Numerous hardware architectures have been proposed to improve the performance of SVD by increasing capacity of computation units, reusing data, and enhancing bandwidth. These designs, however, are not optimum due to their low parallelism, poor data access efficiency, and inferior iterations scheduling. In this express, we propose a block column vector Hestenes-Jacobi (BCV Jacobi) algorithm that decomposes an arbitrary large matrix into several blocks, enhances the access efficiency by customizing the distinctive data structure, and improves the system-level parallelism by simplifying the iteration scheduling. The proposed BCV Jacobi algorithm also achieves better scalability and efficiency. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed FPGA based SVD processor is superior to other SVD implementations in terms of parallelism, data access efficiency, matrix size, and execution time. When compared with state of the art SVD accelerator engine, the proposed algorithm speeds up the runtime over <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2{\times }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> on average.

CYBER PROTECTION OF ENERGOIL ENTERPRISES

This article is about providing comprehensive protection of the oil refining and distribution company ENERGOIL. This protection includes components such as encryption, anti-virus software, and user access matrices. Within the access delimitation system, a dispatcher must be used, which performs access delimitation. This dispatcher is an employee of the security department. Access is restricted in accordance with the authority of employees. A request for employee access to a specific computer is sent to the database management and event registration unit. The authority of the employee and the characteristics of the object are analyzed by an employee of the security department. The first basic step for organizing work computers at the enterprise will be the creation of user accounts. For this, we create our own account for each computer A user access matrix was developed for the ENERGOIL enterprise, divided by information departments. It is necessary in order to clearly understand which users have access to which. The Triple DES algorithm was used for encryption. The essence of the algorithm is to use the Data Encryption Standard, or simply DES, published by the US National Bureau of Standards (NBS). First, the data is encrypted with the first key, decrypted back with the second key, and re-encrypted with the third key. Since as many as three keys are used, their total length is actually 3 * 56 = 168 bits. The encryption speed is also lower than that of the DES algorithm, but the reliability leaves no doubt. It takes a billion times more attempts to break this encryption than simple DES. Avast and Microsoft Windows Defender antiviruses were used to protect against malicious software, and an access matrix with user accounts and their permissions was created to limit access on work computers.

Metabolomics for determination of non-substance related sleepiness

To date, there is no way to prove non-substance related sleepiness in a forensic context (e.g., after a traffic accident) although it is estimated that drowsy drivers cause 10-20% of all driving accidents. However, the legal situation is clear: the legislator prohibits overtired people from driving a vehicle in road traffic. An objective test for determination of non-substance related sleepiness is desirable. Metabolomics can offer a direct readout of one's phenotype. Changes in physiological functions (such as sleep-wake regulation) are reflected in endogenous metabolism and should therefore be detectable as changes in the metabolic profile, as an increase or decrease of specific metabolites correlating with hours of wakefulness. Our study aimed to assess the feasibility of discovering significant changes in the metabolome associated with hours of wakefulness. Saliva as easy-to-access samples should be used for these studies. Oral fluid samples of 13 volunteers were collected during a previous controlled sleep study that involved a sleep deprivation session and a control session in a randomized cross-over design. After a baseline night of 8 hours sleep, subjects were kept awake for 40 hours in the sleep deprivation session, whereas a 16/8 hours sleep scheme was applied during the control session. Six samples per participant were taken using Salivette® cotton swabs at defined time points across each study session during wakefulness after 0, 16, 25, 31, 38 and 40 hours, respectively. A seventh sample was taken after a recovery night that consisted of 8 hours sleep. Samples were processed using protein precipitation and dilution steps with acetonitrile and analyzed by UPLC-HRMS/MS (Sciex QTOF 6600, IDA) in an untargeted metabolomics setup. Both a reversed-phase (RP) and a hydrophilic liquid interaction (HILIC) column were used and both positive and negative ionization mode were measured to cover a wide range of metabolites. Our analyses detected numerous salivary metabolites in the presented setup (RP: 3845, HILIC: 2434), and many that underwent noticeable changes across the study time course. On the one hand, there are metabolites that increased or decreased in linear manner by hours of wakefulness during sleep deprivation but did not during control session with regular sleep regime. More importantly, some receded to baseline after recovery sleep. On the other hand, significant differences in metabolic profiles were apparent between sleep deprivation and control session. However, high inter-individual differences between study subjects impeded formulation of general statements. In addition to that, there were metabolites that followed a diurnal rhythm (i.e., circadian rhythm), like cortisol, arginine and tyrosine. We have shown that our untargeted metabolomics platform is in principle capable of analyzing salivary metabolites in sleep deprived and control subjects across a time course. Oral fluid is a rich and easily accessible matrix. Due to its simple and non-invasive sampling protocol, it is tailor-made for roadside testing and thus for forensic purposes. While rhythmically changing metabolites are not suitable to serve as marker substances for sleepiness due to their natural swings, those that show linear dynamics correlating with hours of wakefulness may serve as biomarkers. Nevertheless, identification of these remains tedious. However, several further considerations need to be addressed for a future optimized study. If not receding to baseline after recovery sleep, a metabolite cannot be related to sleepiness. High inter-individual differences come into play, too. Also, different sleep habits and therefore different sleep phenotypes are prevalent, resulting in time-shifted endogenous cycles that must be considered. Thus, a strict study protocol is needed for investigation of potential metabolic biomarkers for sleepiness to mitigate or eliminate confounding factors.

How a Developing Country Faces COVID-19 Rehabilitation: The Chilean Experience.

The coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has been one of the most significant challenges to public health in recent decades. The heterogeneity of government responses and the varying preparedness of health systems has determined that the pandemic's impact differs from country to country. Chile is no stranger to the challenges posed by rehabilitation in a developing country. We aimed to describe the approach to rehabilitation during the pandemic in Chile in the public health system since rehabilitation is considered a relevant health strategy from the prevention to management of complications, mitigation of sequelae, or new complications associated with COVID-19. For this, a descriptive study was conducted on the rehabilitation strategies implemented by Chile to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis includes the context of the Chilean health system and the matrix of access to rehabilitation services in COVID-19. The Health Ministry (MINSAL) rehabilitation strategy includes five central axes: approaches, specific lines, transversal lines, intervention, and funding. Additionally, the policies were based and supported by the WHO recommendations. Intensive care unit beds were increased approximately 68%, and the primary care response was the reconversion of function depending on the epidemiological context. During the 2021–2022 period, the estimated number of people diagnosed with a post-COVID-19 condition was 80,528. With this, we can conclude that a developing country has managed to coordinate a rehabilitation policy for people with COVID-19 by generating a structure of the different health system levels. However, the effectiveness of this policy will need to be evaluated in the future.

The "Spin-3/2 Bloch Equation": System matrix formalism ofexcitation, relaxation, and off-resonance effects in biological tissue.

This work proposes "Spin-3/2 Bloch Equation" (SBE), a consolidated formalism for spin-3/2 dynamics in biological environments. The formalism encapsulates excitation, relaxation, and off-resonance with accessible matrix representation for a straightforward implementation with high computational efficiency. The SBE is derived using spherical tensor operators to encapsulate the spin-3/2 dynamics in biological systems in a single system matrix, a formalism akin to the well-known Bloch Equations (BE). Using the proposed SBE, simulations of three classical 23 Na pulse sequences were performed to demonstrate the versatility and applicability of the model, returning the evolution of the 23 Na spin system during these experiments: soft rectangular and adiabatic inversion recovery (IR) and triple-quantum filtering. IR simulations were compared with two existing spin-3/2 simulators and the adaptive BE as a first-order approximation. The proposed SBE is straightforward to implement and facilitates accurate and fast simulations of the underlying higher order coherence in sodium experiments of biological tissues. SBE simulations and comparison spin-3/2 simulators outperform the BE simulations as expected, with the SBE offering superior computational efficiency achieved by the single system matrix formalism. The proposed SBE enables comprehensive and accurate simulations for spin-3/2 systems in biological tissue. With a one-line call to an ordinary differential equation solver, it offers a computationally efficient and accessible method for use in 23 Na pulse sequence design.