Access Conditions Research Articles

Well-being variations on students of health sciences related to their learning opportunities, resources, and daily activities in an online and on-crisis context: a survey-based study

BackgroundUniversities’ training process intensely relies on face-to-face education. The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted it and forced them to reinvent their process online. But this crisis seems not to be the last we will face, and we take it as a lesson to prepare for future crises. These critical contexts are especially challenging because they imply changing teaching strategies, and students may not have the technology access or the living conditions to connect as they need. They also lived through a pandemic where the virus and the life changes added stress to their learning process and threatened their well-being. So, this study aims to analyze how well-being variations reported by Health sciences students relate to their learning opportunities, access conditions, and daily activities.MethodWe surveyed 910 Health sciences students from six different Chilean universities at the end of the first semester of 2020, the first in pandemic conditions. Respondents answered online questionnaires about 1) Remote teaching activities, 2) Learning resources availability, 3) Daily life activities, and 4) Well-being changes. We performed descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Modelling.ResultsLive videoconference classes were the most frequent teaching activity; only a third of the students had quiet spaces to study online, and most had to housekeep daily. More than two third reported some well-being deterioration. The structural equation model showed a good fit.ConclusionResults show an online learning scenario that tries to emulate traditional learning focusing on expositive strategies. Most students reported that their well-being deteriorated during the semester, but tutorials, workplace availability, and social support were protective factors.

Synthesis and luminescent properties of new molecular compounds of divalent lanthanides LnCl2·0.5H2O (Ln = Yb, Sm, Tm, and Eu)

For the first time, in addition to the previously studied EuCl2·0.5H2O, new complexes of divalent lanthanides with the composition LnCl2·0.5H2O (Ln = Yb, Sm, Tm) were synthesized by reacting a suspension of LnCl3·6H2O in toluene with iBu3Al in an argon atmosphere. All complexes of Ln2+ were isolated in solid form and characterized using standard methods: chemical analysis for the determination of Cl– according to Volhard method, complexometry for Ln2+ and Al3+, and elemental analysis for C, H, O. The luminescent properties of Ln2+ complexes were studied: the excitation and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were measured, as well as the lifetimes (τ) of the excited states of the Ln2+* ions. When excited by UV–visible light, the Ln2+ complexes luminesce in the blue (Eu2+), green (Yb2+), red (Sm2+), and orange (Tm2+) region of the spectrum. The PL intensity decreases in the series Eu2+ > Sm2+ ≫ Tm2+ > Yb2+; the bright PL in the case of europium and samarium is visible to the naked eye. The PL of Ln2+ complexes is due to 4fn-15d1 → 4fn interconfigurational transitions and manifest itself as diffuse maxima in the PL spectra and nanosecond lifetimes of excited ions: Eu2+* (λem = 488 nm, τ = 322 ns), Yb2+* (λem = 548 nm, τ = 3.9 ns), Sm2+* (λem = 704 nm, τ = 3.6 ns), Tm2+* (λem = 596 nm, τ = 4.5 ns). Significantly higher PL intensity and lifetime of the Eu2+* ion compared with other Ln2+* are explained by the lower probability of nonradiative deactivation of Eu2+* due to the larger energy gap between the excited 5d1 and ground 4f7 states of the Eu2+ ion. Compounds LnCl2·0.5H2O are quite resistant to moisture and air. The PL spectra of the complexes remain unchanged for more than 6 months under conditions of limited access to oxygen and air moisture. Using the example of EuCl2·0.5H2O, for the first time for divalent lanthanides, the effect of enhancement of the PL intensity of the Ln2+ ion upon contact with water vapor was found.

THE INFLUENCES OF BANK-FIRM RELATIONSHIPS IN CREDIT ACCESS OF SMES

Since many SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) lack internal resources, they usually look for external credits that banks are the main providers of. However, most of those businesses’ main concern is to gain credit access since these businesses are not very efficient when minimizing information asymmetries between them and their lenders. Thus, relationship lending that includes close interactions, long-term relationships, and, close ties between SMEs and banks might reduce information asymmetries and might provide easier credit access conditions for SMEs. In this regard, this research aims to investigate the positive association between the length of the relationship, the closeness of communication, the house bank status, and access to bank credit. In line with this selected purpose, the researcher created an online questionnaire and collected data from 479 SMEs operating in Turkey. To examine the specified relationships, the researcher performed Binary Logistic Regression analyses. The results confirm the positive relationships between the variables of relationship lending and access to finance. Therefore, SMEs focusing on socializing and networking activities with banks might receive advantages to gain easier credit access conditions. The reasons for these results might be related to cultural, and executive-firm-specific characteristics, including the structure of society, the sectoral experiences, and the length of doing business, respectively.

Funding by the Stock Exchange: Alternative or Decoy for Cameroonian’s Companies

The main objective of this study is to identify the factors that prevent Cameroonian companies from being listed on the Central African Stock Exchange (CASE), despite their difficulties in obtaining funding through bank loans. Based on semi-structured interviews conducted with six (06) managers of Cameroonian public companies, several factors blocking the listing of companies on the stock exchange were identified. Some of these factors are inherent to CASE itself and others are linked to the companies or public authorities.
 By identifying these different factors that inhibit the willingness of companies to go public, this study makes a scientific contribution to the debate on corporate finance. It also fills a gap by shedding light on the contrast between the need to finance investments and the lack of interest in the financial market, even though these companies are faced with insufficient financial resources.
 At the managerial level, the results obtained constitute a challenge for the Cameroonian public authorities, stock exchange authorities and business associations to work on supporting and encouraging companies to go public, but also to adapt the conditions of access to the stock exchange by taking into account local realities.

Symbiotic readiness: Factors that interfere with the industrial symbiosis implementation

In a context of raw material scarcity and environmental concerns, the Industrial Symbiosis (IS) emerges as a strategy that collaborates to increase the resources circularity and sustainability. Despite its relevance, companies still have difficulties to assess whether they have conditions to implement IS. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to identify factors that interfere with the readiness of co-located companies to implement IS. To achieve this objective, theoretical, empirical and statistical research procedures were employed. As a theoretical procedure, a Symbiotic Readiness Assessment Instrument (SRAI), previously developed, was adapted. For the empirical procedure, a survey with 201 co-located companies in industrial parks was applied using the SRAI adapted. For the statistical procedure, a factor analysis was carried out to obtain the main factors that interfere with the IS implementation. As a result, five factors were identified. In view of this, to assess symbiotic readiness, companies must analyze: the availability of water and energy resources; the possibility of exchanging material resources such as waste and by-products; the accessibility of data, such as production information from others companies; the possibility of sharing information and bonds of trust between co-located industries; and access conditions, infrastructure and partnership for the symbiosis realization.

Classifiying The Factors Influencing The Human Development Index in Riau Province using Principal Component Analysis

The Human Development Index is a critical indicator of economic growth. Several factors, including average length of schooling (X1), expected length of schooling (X2), life expectancy at birth (X3), number of health workers (X4), number of health facilities (X5), spending per capita (X6), open unemployment rate (X7), number of poor people (X8), percentage of households with proper drinking water sources (X9), and GRDP growth rate (X10), can influence the Human Development Index. The purpose of this research was to simplify the factors that influence the human development index in Riau Province in 2021. Data analysis used R-Studio software by applying descriptive statistical analysis, Principal Component analysis, and Biplot analysis. The analysis revealed that the ten variables that influence human development index in Riau in 2021 can be divided into three categories: community service quality, health facilities, access, and economic conditions. These three factors can describe up to 80% of the diversity of the data.

РОЛЬ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ В ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ ДОСТУПУ ДО КУЛЬТУРНОЇ СПАДЩИНИ В ЕПОХУ ЦИФРОВОЇ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ

B a c k g r o u n d . With the growth of cultural heritage and its digital representation, governments around the world are forced to develop effective strategies for preserving and accessing cultural heritage. One of the ways to ensure access to cultural heritage in the era of digital transformation is to create digital resources available online. However, the creation of digital resources is not enough to ensure access to cultural heritage. The state should develop a policy that will ensure not only the creation of digital resources but also their preservation, promotion and accessibility for different social groups. It is important to develop digital literacy tools for different social groups and provide adequate resources for the preservation and processing of digital cultural heritage. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the role of public policy in ensuring access to cultural heritage in the era of digital transformation. The study set the following objectives: (1) to analyses the current state of access to cultural heritage in the era of digital transformation in different countries of the world; (2) to study the role of public policy in ensuring access to cultural heritage in the era of digital transformation in different countries of the world; to identify effective methods and tools used by states to ensure access to cultural heritage in the era of digital transformation; (3) to analyses the impact of digital transformation on the preservation and access to cultural heritage; (4) to provide recommendations for the development of a new digital heritage policy. M e t h o d s . In order to achieve the research objective, the following methods were used in the process: (1) abstract and logical – to analyses sources and draw conclusions; (2) analysis of public policy and legislation – this method consists in studying public policy that regulates access to cultural heritage in the era of digital transformation, as well as studying the legislative acts that regulate this process; (3) analysis of existing practices of access to cultural heritage – this method involves the study of the experience of using digital technologies to provide access to cultural heritage in different countries and regions of the world; (4) comparative analysis – to compare the factors, methods and tools of public policies of different countries that regulate access to cultural heritage; (5) empirical method – to highlight the experience of individual countries in ensuring access to cultural heritage through the implementation of digital processes. R e s u l t s . The author analyses the national policies of democratic countries. It has been determined that they should reflect the changing conditions of cultural heritage protection and access in the era of digital transformation. To do this, it is necessary to constantly update and adapt legislation in this area, develop new methods of protection and access to cultural heritage, and focus on the development of new technologies for preserving and presenting cultural heritage in a new way. Priority should be given to the development and implementation of digital platforms to provide access to cultural heritage in various forms, including virtual reality and interactive applications. In addition, it is important to develop international cooperation in this area, especially for the joint implementation of technical solutions for the protection of and access to cultural heritage. These measures will help preserve and enrich the cultural heritage of humanity and make it more accessible to the public. С o n c l u s i o n s . It has been determined that the digitalisation of cultural heritage is not a one-size-fits-all approach, and that the preservation of cultural heritage should respect the diversity of cultural practices and traditions. Therefore, it is important to work with communities and involve them in the process of digitalizing cultural heritage to ensure that their cultural practices and traditions are accurately represented and preserved for future generations.

Measuring Social Determinant Access and Equity by Race in U.S. States

The effective design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of state programs to reduce racial health inequities requires measures of societal resource access (e.g., education, home ownership, voting) and access inequity by race in each state. This paper proposes criteria for the selection of social determinants to assess, and ways to combine data to assess overall access and overall access inequity in states. Access and equity can be compared across geographic regions assessed. Hypotheses regarding the determinants and consequences of access and equity can be examined. Means of validating metrics are proposed. An example of analysis of access and inequity for Blacks and Whites in U.S. states yields surprising results—social determinant access and access equity are generally greatest in southern states. These metrics can be used to target and measure the effects of interventions to advance health equity for racial minority populations. The condition of state access and equity by race indicates the culmination of structural racism.

Анализ действия приманок с разным содержанием действующего вещества бромадиолона в отношении серых крыс

Gray rats occupy a significant share in the number of synanthropes living next to humans. The fight against them is difficult, due to their high adaptability, as well as the risk of poisoning of non-target wild and domestic animals. Insufficiently organized deratization measures lead to an increase in the number of rodent populations and their settlement of new adjacent territories. Gray rats belong to the species of mouse-like rodents resistant to the action of many factors, including developing resistance to the effects of rodenticidal baits based on anticoagulants. Experimental studies have shown that the eating of at least 50 % of the daily requirement of baits containing 0,005 and 0,0025 % of the concentration of DV bromadiolone by gray rats during one day can cause 1 % death. When analyzing the results obtained when feeding baits, it was found that for the death of gray rats, the maximum dose was 100 mg/ kg, and the minimum was 6,88 mg/kg. Gray rats in conditions of free access to food and bait can consume up to 0,7 g of rodenticidal agent to achieve a lethal effect, but it will be enough for individuals to eat about 40 g for this.

Federated learning for minimizing nonsmooth convex loss functions

Federated learning possesses a distributed learning framework for protecting privacy where local clients need to collaboratively train a shared model via a central server. Many existing methods in the literature of federated learning are analyzed under some smoothness conditions of loss functions and need access to gradient information to perform local optimization algorithms such as stochastic gradient descent or dual average. Some methods even need a strong convexity of the loss function. However, in many situations of real world applications such as readability of texts, first-order gradient information is difficult to obtain, and the strong smoothness and strong convexity of loss functions are not satisfied. We consider methods to overcome such situations. This paper aims at providing an understanding of federated learning in the situation that the loss functions are nonsmooth and gradient information is unavailable, also a strong convexity condition is not needed. Based on Nesterov's zeroth-order (gradient-free) techniques, we propose a zeroth-order stochastic federated learning method. Constant and decreasing step size strategies are considered. Moreover, a new type of approximating sequence is proposed in federated learning for strictly decreasing step sizes. Expected error bounds for the proposed approximating sequence and learning rates of the proposed method are derived under some selection rules of the step sizes and smoothing parameters.

Multiplier approach to assessing the investment attractiveness of chemical industry enterprises

The article analyzes the approaches of national and foreign scientists to assess the investment attractiveness of the enterprise, special attention is paid to the fact that the company is considered as an object and subject of the investment process. The purpose of the study is to develop a comprehensive method for assessing the investment attractiveness of chemical industry enterprises in the East Kazakhstan region. The presented methods of assessing investment attractiveness allow taking into account not only quantitative indicators, but also qualitative ones, which is especially important for obtaining a more complete result, and can also be used in conditions of unilateral access to information. As a result of the study, the most investment-attractive enterprises of the chemical industry of the East Kazakhstan region were identified, which at the initial stage should become priorities of the investment policy of the regions. These enterprises are points of growth that can form a driving effect for the development of such enterprises and the region as a whole.

Conceptual model of enterprise security in the information environment

Characteristic features and signs of the information society are defined in the paper. The infor-mation environment, which is considered for the formation of the enterprise security model, is an information society component. The classes of intelligent information technologies (IIT) that are necessary for the interaction of subjects in the information society are highlighted. Com-plementing each other, the specified IIT classes create conditions for stable access to infor-mation and knowledge that are updated. According to their types, goals, and principles, the arti-cle defines and characterizes such information environment components as organization, tech-nologies, a digital repository of informational and methodical resources, services, mathematical modeling methods, enterprise security modeling system, and information and telecommunica-tion infrastructure. The internal and external resources of the organization, whose presence af-fects the formation of the enterprise security model, are determined. Within the framework of the information society, the proposed conceptual model makes it possible to determine the nec-essary set of services and information resources needed for the formation of the enterprise secu-rity model. The paper highlights the following main components of the enterprise security mod-el: security tasks, computer communications, safety equipment, flexibility, and organizational environment. The proposed practical implementation allows accessing information resources, exchanging messages using existing communications, participating in general discussions, searching for information, according to the request, and organizing collective (joint) activities. Based on the organization structure, the offered practical implementation of the model ensures the delimitation of access levels, implements individual protection profiles, and ensures the se-curity of users’ data.

UKRAINIAN FINANCIAL MARKET DURING THE WAR: REALITIES OF FUNCTIONING

Introduction. The war in Ukraine has a significant impact on the financial sector in general and the financial market, in particular. Without exaggeration, the year 2022 became a turning point for the Ukrainian financial market, as well as an indicator for the entire global financial system regarding its stability and flexibility, speed of response to challenges and adaptability, the ability and readiness to introduce innovations, acceptance of challenges by all market stakeholders. The main triggers of the functioning of the financial market are the rapid and client-oriented digitalization of services; volatility of regulatory policy due to Russia's military actions in Ukraine; immediate response to changes in conditions of limited access to financial resources; quick adaptation to work with clients under conditions of strict limitation of financial transactions. The answers to these challenges were: virtualization of services through cooperation with Fin-Tech companies and, as a result, the emergence of new tools in the financial services sector; forced transition and the inevitability of acceptance of new online offers by financial intermediaries; diversification and hedging of savings by converting them into currency-equivalent deposits and cryptocurrencies; modification of mobile banking applications. The purpose of the article to is analyze the realities of the functioning of the financial market of Ukraine during the war and to scientifically justificate the challenges of the financial sector in the conditions of the isolation of the financial market due to the introduction of martial law; identify the key development challenges, the latest financial and military activity trends; identify the channels of implementation of financial innovations by intermediaries of the financial services market; outline the triggers for the development of the financial market of Ukraine and understand the prospects for the introduction of new business models for financial market participants. Results. It was found that the financial market of Ukraine is a "key financial front" for ensuring the stability of the entire financial system; the war has a huge impact on the functioning of all components of the market and is an "indicative marker" of the mood in the country. It is shown that in conditions of systemic challenges and threats, innovative approaches in the field of financial technologies have a significant impact on the financial market landscape, which are widely implemented in all its areas, expand the functionality of financial intermediaries, offer diversification of tools and work methods, expand opportunities for participants, modernize existing norms and rules and, most importantly, establish new traditions and develop new habits in all participants of the financial market. It is argued that the main reason for radical changes and innovations, both in regulatory policy and in the daily activities of financial market participants, is the war in Ukraine, which became a catalyst for the revision of many policies and approaches to activity. It has been demonstrated that new vectors of financial sector development are crystallizing in the financial environment, which are aimed at: digitization and automation of most financial processes; raising access to financial services to a qualitatively new level; creation of new offers in the field of financial services with an emphasis on their inclusiveness and accessibility through the use of remote customer service channels using virtual communication technologies. It has been proven that during the russian aggression, the financial market developed high loyalty and flexibility when introducing new products; established a network of new partnerships; changed the focus of activity to the effective use of technological solutions in the financial sphere. It is substantiated that the key determinants of the functioning of the financial market in the conditions of martial law are: deep understanding of the essence of market problems; adaptation of the legislative field and flexibility of prudential supervision; introduction of innovations in the development of new financial products and digitization of existing products; creation of favorable conditions for the activity of financial intermediaries in the market. Conclusions. Based on the results of the conducted research, the following conclusions were drawn: new trends regarding the development and introduction of the latest financial tech nologies in the activities of financial intermediaries are outlined in the financial market; in modern realities, changes are taking place in the landscape of the domestic financial market – the war became a catalyst for the "survival" of both institutions and products; repurposing to remote work with clients creates a platform for promoting new products and introducing new business models.

Ensuring the effect of the res judicata principle in commercial court proceedings in conditions of open access to court decisions

Ensuring the effect of the res judicata principle in commercial court proceedings in conditions of open access to court decisions

Simulation Model of the Effect of the COVID-19 Biosecurity Protocol in the Queues for the Return to Face-to-Face Classes

This article presents a simulation model of the effect of the COVID-19 Biosafety protocol in the Queues for the return to face-to-face classes as a basis for the return of educational activities. The restrictive measures to face the COVID-19 pandemic, greatly affected the normality of the development of activities carried out in higher education, constituting a great challenge since the measures and conditions of return and access to institutions are different from what was previously carried out before the pandemic. The objective of this article is to carry out a simulation of queues through SIMIO (Logistics process simulation software), where the number of students expected per day and the average entry times are taken into account to adjust them to an exponential distribution, from this information loaded into the simulation it is They will determine if the times increase or decrease taking into account the theory of queues and conditions presented in the study such as the probability distribution of the times of each of the processes involved in the process of accessing the University facilities.

The experience of calculating distances between different types of settlements in Russia to assess the range of population migration

The problem of measuring distances in migration is not trivial, but important, for example, for delimiting the concepts of population migration and housing mobility. In conditions of limited access to detailed spatial data, researchers solve this issue in different ways. Only a few countries, such as Sweden, have the ability to calculate migration distances between point locations using Euclidean distance (in a straight line). In this article, as applied to Russia, the measure of correspondence between Euclidean distances and real distances along transport routes is investigated. For this purpose, 3407 pairs of distances were calculated for randomly selected 23 municipal districts of Russia directly and along transport routes - roads. Also, 411 pairs of distances were calculated for settlements with no auto connection, using air traffic. These distances give an idea of the migrations of different distances in Russia. As a result, for hypothetical resettlements within the selected municipal districts, real road distances exceed Euclidean distances by 51%. For resettlements between the centers of districts and urban districts within the region, this indicator exceeds 40%, and for interregional resettlements, the differences are 33%. The air service used “straightens” the distances, but even taking it into account, the real distances (mainly long-range, interregional) exceed the Euclidean ones by 28.5%. The calculations performed to give an idea of the deviations of real, transport distances from the relatively easy-to-calculate Euclidean ones, which can be used in the analysis of migration distances in Russia.

Vulnerabilidades em saúde e a importância da integração da produção local de medicamentos estratégicos para o SUS

Abstract A strengthened local supply chain is an essential and highly relevant condition for universal access to health care. This article enables a movement towards a public policy agenda that involve the entire productive health system, including strategic components of the production chain beyond active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), without which universal health access and health sovereignty become unfeasible, leaving the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) vulnerable. Within this perspective, qualitative bibliographic research was conducted together with field observation among key informants of the drug production supply chain from Brazil’s main Official Pharmaceutical Laboratory. Results showed that in addition to active pharmaceutical ingredients, other strategic health care items in the supply chain also constitute technological bottlenecks. These findings may contribute to expand the debate on health vulnerabilities, relating the productive and economic structure to universal access, thus establishing, nationally and internationally, a theoretical link between the economy, production local and social rights.

Finance, Fiction, and Loss

Finance, Fiction, and Loss

Вплив грунтово-кліматичних умов на урожайність суниці садової (Fragaria ananassa L.)

Modern climate changes pose new challenges to scientists. Dry springs and low-snow winters negatively affect the development and fruiting of berry crops. Therefore, the breeding of new strawberry varieties, favorable to the new climatic conditions, is timely. On the basis of the Sumy Research Station of Horticulture, the factors that positively affect the development and fruiting of garden strawberries, in particular soil and climatic factors, were studied. Of the climatic factors for berry crops, the most important are heat and moisture supply during the growing season, overwintering conditions, harsh temperature fluctuations in summer and winter, low minimum temperatures, spring frosts and their frequency of recurrence and droughts, as well as soil conditions, which are harmful to fruit crops. To avoid diseases of the root system, it is recommended to avoid heavy clay soils. In conditions of high humidity and poor air access, plants are more vulnerable. Even if it rains, strawberries need watering during the phases of flowering, crop formation, berry picking and bud differentiation. The conducted phenological observations of the studied strawberry varieties showed that the beginning of flowering and ripeness of the varieties ‘Rosana Kyivska’, ‘Olvia’ depend on the beginning of the vegetation period. The yield was determined by weighing at each fruit collection in all areas of the experiment. The yield of mid-early varieties ‘Sonata’ and ‘Giant Journe’y in 2023 was negatively affected by frosts in May on the surface of the soil -1 0С, which damaged 10 % of the flowering plants. Covering with a white cloth and using soil mulching with a black film accelerated the growth of berries. The drip irrigation system even during the dry Mays of 2022-2023 with the amount of precipitation (30 mm) and (16.8 mm) made it possible to obtain a high yield of ‘Prestige’ (11.5 t/ha) and ‘Rainbow’ (11.9 t/ha). Studies have shown that growing garden strawberries under more controlled conditions accelerates plant development, maturity and achieves higher yields than under normal conditions. Key words: garden strawberry, climatic conditions, productivity, culture, variety, soil.

Problems and state of qualification testing of teachers of the Republic of Kazakhstan (in natural science subjects)

Nowadays the comparison of foreign and domestic experience of certification of teaching staff and certification of graduates of pedagogical specialties shows that it is necessary to improve the content and conditions of certification of teachers. Certification of teaching staff today is one of the important, effective ways to improve the professional skills of teachers. Certification of graduates creates conditions for access to assessment and recognition of qualifications not only by the academic environment but also by the employer. This article discusses the problems and the state of the national qualification testing of teachers in the Republic of Kazakhstan. All teachers are certified every five years, which determines whether they meet the qualification requirements. Ensure that the certification procedure complies with the latest systemsfor assessing the quality of education; national qualification testing of teachers has been introduced as one of the certification stages, which allows monitoring of scientific research not only in the context of a specific region but also at the nationallevel.The data of observations is given, and a deep analysis of the problems of teachers of subjects of the natural cycle du.ring the certification is made. A project has been developed, and the expected results for obtaining a teacher category and improving the State of qualification tests are given in this research.