Acceptable Goals Research Articles

Awareness and Acceptance of ESSU Guiuan's Vision, Mission, Goals, and Objectives across the Stakeholders

The vision, mission, goals and objectives (VMGO) serve as the guidelines of all its university’s operations. It is essential therefore, that the ESSU – Guiuan formulates activities and educational development reflects from the VMGO. The study aimed to investigate the stakeholders’ level of awareness, acceptance and perception. This study utilized the descriptive survey method of research using cross-sectional sample survey approach. A survey questionnaire based on the 2014 AACUP Revised Instrument was used to determine the stakeholders’ level of awareness, acceptance, and perception. The data gathered were organized, tabulated as well as analysed using simple descriptive statistics such as frequency count and percentage per group of respondents corresponding to their respective response. The study reveals that the stakeholders of ESSU – Guiuan are extremely aware of the content and the manner of dissemination of the vision, mission, goals and objectives of the institution with a mean score of 4.45. On the other hand, the stakeholders, generally understand and accept the vision, mission, goals and objectives of the institution with an average mean score of 4.60, which indicates that the stakeholders extremely accepted the VMGO.

CONCEPT OF ANTISYSTEM IN THE STUDY OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC REFORMS OUTPUT

The new economic reality established in the modern world forces researchers to attend to a very promising for the science accustomed to the precise boundaries of disciplinary research problem of finding new opportunities for the development of the economic theory, sufficient to reveal qualitatively new phenomena caused by the interaction of transformation processes of different nature. At the same time, the interdisciplinary approach aimed at combining and intertwining resources of various research areas and consequently, at synergistic effects, is naturally the focus of attention. One of the most popular interdisciplinary opportunities in this case is the concept of antisystem, formed in social-historical and ethnological research areas. Antisystems as the results of social and economic transformations arise on the basis of setting, social acceptance and implementation of transformation goals, negative for the development of the society as a whole; long-term functioning of such system formations leads to useless waste of social resources, formation of many destructive for the functions and structure of the social and economic system products, destabilization of social and economic communications and actual suspension of the evolutionary process. Antisystems implement a certain set of ideas negative in terms of the evolutionary approach which for some reasons received a temporary recognition of society as a whole or some part of it; in this respect, antisystems act as the results of negative strategizing of the development of social and economic relations. Accordingly, the destruction of antisystems involves a multi-stage social denial and debunking of this idea-complex, which burdens social development with additional costs of profound and large-scale transformations. The polarization of modern Russian society creates conditions for the lack of demand and reduction of the subject potential of many of its participants, which in its turn ensures the formation and "silent" raise social and economic transformations of ideological constructs that do not stand up to scientific criticism and are destructive for social and economic practice to the rank of goals. In particular, the noncritical borrowing of foreign institutional forms and the consequent bureaucratization of the sphere of education and science of modern Russia conditioned the formation of an antisystem in this sphere, many of the results of its functioning contribute to deepening the crisis situation in the national economy and reduce to nothing the achievements in the sphere of education and science obtained in previous years.

American counselors' acceptance of non-abstinence outcome goals for clients diagnosed with co-occurring substance use and other psychiatric disorders

Previous research has examined clinicians' acceptance of non-abstinence for clients who have a substance use disorder (SUD), but many SUD clients also present with a psychiatric disorder. To evaluate the acceptability of non-abstinence as a final outcome goal for clients with co-occurring diagnoses, we recruited a nationwide sample of 751 American substance abuse counselors to complete a web-based questionnaire. Respondents rated the acceptability of limited/moderate consumption by clients diagnosed with each of 18 co-occurring disorders: three psychiatric disorders (Major Depressive Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Social Phobia) x three substances (alcohol, cannabis, opioids) x two levels of severity (DSM-5 Moderate SUD, DSM-5 Severe SUD). On average, non-abstinence was rated as unacceptable for clients with any of the 18 diagnostic pairs, although one-fourth to almost one-third rated limited/moderate use of cannabis somewhat or completely acceptable for clients diagnosed with a Moderate Cannabis Use Disorder when paired with any of the three psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, small proportions of respondents (13% to 20%) rated non-abstinence at least somewhat acceptable even when clients were diagnosed with a Severe SUD for any of the three substances and any co-occurring psychiatric disorder. Based on our findings, clients with co-occurring disorders who want to moderate their substance use will typically find their counselor does not accept that outcome goal. Because supporting non-abstinence respects client autonomy, could attract and retain clients in counseling, and is consistent with a recovery-oriented treatment model, we encourage continuing education about the benefits of non-abstinence as a treatment goal for clients with co-occurring disorders.

Institutional entrepreneurship and organisational learning: financial stability policy design in Turkey

In the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), ‘financial stability’ emerged as one of the key pillars of economic policy-making and as a new mandate for central banks. In spite of the acceptance and prominence of financial stability goal, we know very little about the mechanisms of institutional change and the role of institutional entrepreneurship in particular, to pursue financial stability objective in national contexts. This study investigates the active financial stability pursuit of the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) following the GFC and argues that institutional entrepreneurship of CBRT as an organisation and the governor of CBRT as an individual paved the way for active financial stability pursuit and resulting institutional and policy changes in Turkey by accomplishing ‘organisational learning’ at the CBRT. Governor of CBRT also played a key role as an institutional entrepreneur by gaining Turkish Treasury’s political support in design of unconventional monetary policy measures for financial stability objective. Utilising institutional theory, organisation theory, and public policy literature, this study offers an interdisciplinary, agency based and process-oriented analysis to the study of the political economy of central banking in the aftermath of GFC and sheds light on the questions of why and how central banks take specific policy decisions from a micro-level analysis.

Career commitment: the role of self-efficacy, career satisfaction and organizational commitment

Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship among self-efficacy, career satisfaction, organizational commitment and career commitment Design/methodology/approach In this study, 200 questionnaires were distributed to the Engineering Department in a manufacturing companies, 133 questionnaires were received. The proposed model is analyzed with partial least squares (PLS) path modeling in SmartPLS 2.0 software. Findings Results showed that 36.4 % Variance was caused by the independent variables in career commitment. The result indicated that self-efficacy and organizational commitment have significant and positive relationship with career commitment Originality/value The result of the study found that organization's commitment is significantly related to the career commitment in a manufacturing company. The employees with the highest organizational commitment were committed to their careers and would remain in the organization. The belief and acceptance of goals and values in the organization make them inspired, satisfied and committed to the career. Self-efficacy significantly influences career commitment

Prospective study of management of close or compound segmental fracture tibia by close reduction and internal fixation with interlocking nail

Background: Fractures of tibia are rated as one among the list of common and major skeletal injuries as one third of its surface is subcutaneous. Segmental tibial fractures feature a unique fracture type characterized by a completely isolated intercalary osseous fragment separated by at least two different fracture lines. Since tibia is a large bone and one of the principal load bearing bones in the lower extremity, fractures can cause prolonged morbidity, extensive disability unless treatment is appropriate. Treatment of such fractures in adults is a challenge to orthopaedic surgeons due to its poor soft tissue coverage and poor blood supply. Moreover, compartment syndrome, neurovascular injuries and infection might add to the burden. Later non union, delayed union and Mal-union may occur. The acceptable treatment goal for the segmental fracture tibia is union maintaining normal length, normal alignment without rotational deformity, normal joint movements and reduced hospital stay. Interlocking nailing has proven to be the method of choice for fixation of these fractures. The intramedullary nailing under image intensifier fulfills the objective of stable fixation with minimal tissue damage resulting in better and quicker fracture unions. Materials and methods: This study included 51 patients admitted in the Department of Orthopaedics with either open (37) or close segmental tibia fractures with compromised soft tissue (14) and treated with interlocking nail. Anterioposterior and lateral radiograph were done to diagnose fracture type. Routine preoperative investigation was followed. Patients were operated within 48 hours of hospital admission. Patients were followed up periodically on an outpatient basis on 2nd, 4th, 6th, 10th, 14th, 18th week and 6th month. Clinical and radiological assessment was done for pain, deformity, shortening, range of motion of knee, ankle, subtalar joints and radiological union.The final outcome was assessed using Johner and Wruh’s criteria Results and Discussion: In our series, out of 51 cases, 47 (92.15%) had acceptable Johner and wruth's criteria for functional results (sum of excellent and good results). Excellent in 36 (70.59%), good in 11 (21.57%), fair in 3 (5.87%) and poor in 1 (1.97). These results were comparable with results btained by Ekeland and Alho who reported results excellent in 29, good in 13 and fair in 2 and poor in one out of 45 cases.Conclusion: From this study, it was concluded that the preferred method of initial fracture stabilisation is the use of unreamed interlocking inramedullary tibial nail with immediate soft tissue cover whenever possible, this procedure require less surgical time, hospital stay, is cost effective and have minimum complications with good functional outcome.

To manage or govern? Researching the legitimacy of NPM-based institutional reforms in Russian universities

PurposeGlobal trends in higher education are calling now for public university reforms which aim to increase the competitiveness of the university on the world markets, enlarging its role in the economy and in society by making it more entrepreneurial, more efficient, and closer to practical life. In order to achieve these goals, universities should be managed in a different way. The principles of New Public Management (NPM), which are being actively introduced in Russian universities, substantially transform educational and scientific practices. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the growing crisis of NPM-based university institutional reforms in terms of legitimisation, to reveal which factors shape legitimacy, and to show why legitimacy as such cannot be achieved within the framework of NPM.Design/methodology/approachThe productivity and efficiency of the NPM-based strategy are mainly defined by the attitudes of all actors, or stakeholders. As such, it is very important to investigate local responses on a workplace level, in order to understand how insiders – lecturers and researchers – view the structural changes taking place within Russian universities. In order to do so, an empirical research of lecturers in four national research universities (NRUs) in St Petersburg has been organised. Using a self-designed questionnaire, the authors assessed the academic perceptions and evaluations of certain changes which have taken place in Russian universities over the last few years. In all, 126 teachers of four St Petersburg NRUs took part in the survey, which was conducted between January and February 2015 and consisted of questions measuring resources of legitimacy and legitimacy markers.FindingsLegitimacy markers were revealed such as acceptance of goals, positive perception of results and emotional state. A serious conflict between the existing cognitive culture of universities and the new managerialistic approach was diagnosed. The legitimacy of NPM-based reforms in Russian NRUs was proven to be low for the following reasons: the objectives of reforms are unclear or even unknown to employees; the results of the reforms are either not seen or negatively evaluated; and the reforms provoke stress and professional burnout. The following factors influencing the process of legitimisation were proven to be significant: the agreement of personnel with reforms and the changes they bring, positive perception of changes, opportunity to participate in decision making (engagement), and, to some extent, influence. Remuneration has only a slight effect on legitimacy.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this study are not free from limitations. The data were collected within only four research universities in St Petersburg. Furthermore, the authors’ findings are based on self-reported data, which can be biased. Increasing the volume of the sample and the number of NRUs could be one solution. In the future, research could be developed by enhancing the sample, by making international comparisons, and by providing a more detailed questionnaire.Practical implicationsHigher education systems in many countries in the world are going through similar reforms and are facing similar issues: increasing competition for funds, students and teachers, massification and commercialisation of education, a new managerialistic approach to governance, research valorisation, and effective contracts. New managerial ideology is having a big impact on university culture and can cause passive resistance to reforms, along with disappointment, frustration and professional burnout. These are important issues which cannot be ignored if a successful “third generation” entrepreneurial university is to be built. This study provides important insights into the perceptions of reforms and requires us to pay more attention to university as a social and public value.Originality/valueThe research is original. It is interesting and new because it discusses the NPM-based reforms in higher education in the Russian Federation, a country which was earlier quite well-known for the quality of its education and richness of its university traditions, and empirically tests the factors influencing their legitimacy. Prior research on legitimacy applies the concept mainly in politics. Otherwise, legitimacy is still a concept which is difficult in terms of both theoretical interpretation and empirical validation. The results of the study have practical implications for providing and developing more effective governance in public organisations.

The Chinese expert consensus on clinical practice of "medically unexplained symptoms"

"Medically unexplained symptoms" (MUS) are commonly seen in all clinical specialties. The preliminary investigations in China show a prevalence of MUS in 4.15%-18.2% of clinical patients. Based on international and national guidelines and the most advanced studies, a Chinese expert consensus on clinical practice of MUS is reached through three rounds of discussion seminars by 25 experts from various specialties including psychiatry, internal medicine, surgery, gynecology-obstetrics, otorhinolar-yngology and traditional Chinese medicine. Clinical doctors should be alert of patients whose discomfort complaints cannot be explained by organic conditions after thorough physical examination and necessary laboratory tests. MUS should be recognized as early as possible so as to avoid complicating iatrogenic factors. A full bio-psycho-social evaluation of the patient is the basic structure of understanding MUS patients. In clinical practice, a trustful doctor-patient relationship is the first step of successful treatment. Then after a reasonable clinical evaluation, explain to the patient that it is a harmless functional symptom, communicate with the patient and reach an acceptable therapeutic goal, help the patient understand the symptoms in a psycho-somatic aspect and rebuild confidence of getting back to normal life. Patients with mild symptoms can be treated by doctors in various specialties, from whom the patient seeks help. Patients with severe symptoms need multi-disciplinary care including specific psychotherapy. Pharmaceutical treatment includes symptom alleviating drugs and antidepressants. In clinical care of patients with "MUS" , a full bio-psycho-social evaluation, a good doctor-patient relationship, a treatment plan according to the severity of symptoms, and a multi-disciplinary cooperation should be noted and practiced.

Use of Three Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy for Node Positive Breast Cancer Does Not Result in Excess Lung and Heart Irradiation

Purpose: This work evaluates the use of target and organs at risk (OAR) dose-volume goals in 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) planning for node positive breast cancer (NPBC) patients undergoing regional nodal irradiation after lumpectomy/mastectomy. Methods: Dosimetric data for 262 NPBC patients receiving regional nodal and whole breast/chest wall (WB/CW) irradiation from 2000-2009 were analyzed. In all cases, target & OAR volumes were delineated on treatment CT scans for field generation and dose-volume histograms (DVHs) were generated. Cases were analyzed to identify how frequently they met treatment planning institutional dose-volume goals (“institutional guidelines” & standardized in 2005) and how this would affect OAR doses. Results: The incidence of cases from 2000-2009 meeting current institutional guidelines improved over the study period. Target coverage improved from 2005-2009, when guidelines were followed as a part of the plan approval. Those cases from 2000-2004 meeting acceptable target goals were found to be significantly different from those cases from 2005-2009 (p Conclusions: The use of institutional guidelines in 3DCRT for WB/CW and regional nodal irradiation for NPBC patients improved target coverage without a statistically significant increase in heart and lung doses.

Diversity and equity in the Middle East: beyond anomie and dysfunction

Change in the Middle East and adjacent regions often results in strife, tension, and cultural weakening. This tendency is discussed with reference to the concept of anomie in which socially acceptable goals can no longer be achieved in socially acceptable ways. Facing such situations, distinctive groups may benefit from concepts such as the 'concurrent majority' which is a defence of the rights and heritage of minority groups. The Middle East might benefit from strategies such as this.

What is happening just below the CEO?

Purpose The executives, just below the chief executive officers represent an important but rarely investigated senior executives. The purpose of this paper is to investigate their need for social acceptance and the impact of culture on the perceived use of transformational and transactional leadership behaviors. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional, multi-instrument design was used to investigate 439 Australian executives at the apex of their organization. Findings The results suggest that these executives identified a prominent need to self-deceive themselves when assessing their perceived use of transformational and transactional leadership behaviors. In addition, the cultural dimensions, such as supportiveness and performance orientation, were identified as influencing specific leadership behaviors, in order to produce competitive advantages. However, the cultural dimension of emphasis on rewards uniquely decreased the perceived use of several leadership behaviors (i.e. articulates vision, fosters the acceptance of group goals, and provides an appropriate role model). Research limitations/implications The study provides further evidence of how the social context impacts on leadership behaviors and thinking Practical implications The development of executive requires insights into how their personal need for social acceptance and culture alter their use of leadership. Originality/value Social desirability and specific culture dimensions do not uniformly influence the perceived use of transformational and transactional leadership behaviors.

ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE CASE STUDIES

Business Intelligence (BI) has embarked on decision-making setting. This has influenced many organizations from different industries that are located in diverse regions to implement BI. Critical Successful Factors (CSF) becomes the guideline for the implementer to adopt BI successfully. However, lack of BI knowledge and weak consideration of BI CSF led to the failure of BI implementation project. Several issues and challenges have been identified during the BI implementation. In addition, other researchers rarely discussed this subject. Thus, the objective of this paper is to recognize the issues and challenges on BI implementation. Through qualitative method, BI practices systematically described the purpose of BI execution on selected organizations, industries and regions. It has given the path towards the issues and challenges of BI implementation. The identified issues and challenges are defining the business goal, data management, limited funding, training and user acceptance as well as the lack of expertise issues. The findings categorized the issues and challenges into three dimensions of CSF for BI implementation, which are Organization, Process and Technology dimension. Limitation in this study requires future researchers to study in details of these issues and challenges including the solutions and the impact of BI implementation.

An analysis of budgetary goals impacting organizational performance

This study proposes a conceptual review of how budgetary goals impact organizational performance. The aim of this study is to get a better understanding of the direct and indirect relationship between the organization’s decision -making process and operational performances. Setting the budget particularly influences subordinates’ budget goal levels and motivations (i.e., budget goal acceptance and budget goal commitment), which ultimately enhances the organization’s performance. To test these relationships, data were collected using the three perspectives approach: budgetary goal, budgetary participation and budgetary evaluation. The study provided evidence that perception of fairness mediates the relation between the levels of budget participation and goal commitment, whereas goal commitment mediates the relation between fairness perceptions and performance. At the end of the article, there are some implications for SMEs industries and some suggestions for future studies.

Influence of a Body Type Training Program on Body Image Dissatisfaction

Combined aerobic and resistance training (ATRT) programs are recommended to improve fitness; however, a novel training program focused on individual body type (BT) may provide additional benefits to body satisfaction. PURPOSE: To examine body image dissatisfaction (BID) responses after ~7 weeks of BT training or ATRT. METHODS: Participants (age 19±1y; BMI 23.2±3.5) provided self-report measures of BID (Body Area Satisfaction Scale (BASS), Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), and Body Morph Assessment version 2.0 (BMA 2.0)) at baseline and after 15 exercise sessions, 2 d/wk. Participants were randomized to BT or ATRT intervention after classification to a Body Type (Cone®, Spoon®, Hourglass®, or Ruler®) according to circumference measures. BMA 2.0 assessed perceived current body size (CBS), selected ideal body size (IBS), selected acceptable body size (ABS), and BMA-BID (CBS-IBS). Given this was an efficacy trial, intent-to-treat (ITT; n=132) and per protocol (PP; BASS, BSQ n=77; BMA n=93; completed ≥ 10 of 15 supervised sessions) data analyses were utilized. RESULTS: Overall, body image scores decreased with a trend observed for the BMA-BID (baseline: 5.5 95%CI(4.5-6.5); follow-up: 4.8 (3.9-5.8); P=0.07) after exercise training indicating improvements in BID. Results were similar among ITT and PP analyses. Increases in BID were seen in the ATRT group with significantly lower BASS scores compared to BT group at follow-up (ATRT= 2.61 vs. 2.45; P < 0.05). Participants in the ATRT group saw themselves as smaller and set a smaller acceptable goals based on significant reductions in CBS and ABS relative to BT. Sum circumferences were different after both programs (BT = -6.2cm; 95% CI -1.9, -10.7cm; ATRT = -7.5cm; -3.3, -11.7cm); however, changes in body satisfaction were not related to changes in total body circumferences (P>0.05 for all). CONCLUSION: Baseline scores for BID suggest women in this study were generally unsatisfied with their overall body image (BASS < 3.0, BSQ > 80). In general, BT and ATRT produced similar responses; exercise reduced CBS—thereby reducing the difference between CBS and IBS—improving overall body satisfaction regardless of changes in body composition. Supported by the Robert and Patricia Hines Endowment in Kinesiology.

Treating Addictions: Harm Reduction in Clinical Care and Prevention.

This paper examines the role of clinical practitioners and clinical researchers internationally in establishing the utility of harm-reduction approaches to substance use. It thus illustrates the potential for clinicians to play a pivotal role in health promoting structural interventions based on harm-reduction goals and public health models. Popular media images of drug use as uniformly damaging, and abstinence as the only acceptable goal of treatment, threaten to distort clinical care away from a basis in evidence, which shows that some ways of using drugs are far more harmful than others and that punitive approaches and insistence on total abstinence as the only goal of treatment often increases the harms of drug use rather than reducing drug use. Therefore the leadership and scientific authority of clinicians who understand the health impact of harm-reduction strategies is needed. Through a review of harm-reduction interventions in Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, Switzerland, and the Netherlands, we identify three ways that clinicians have helped to achieve a paradigm shift from punitive approaches to harm-reduction principles in clinical care and in drug policy: (1) through clinical research to provide data establishing the effectiveness and feasibility of harm-reduction approaches, (2) by developing innovative clinical programmes that employ harm reduction, and thereby (3) changing the standard of care to include routine use of these evidence-based (but often misunderstood) approaches in their practices. We argue that through promotion of harm-reduction goals and methods, clinicians have unique opportunities to improve the health outcomes of vulnerable populations.

Leadership and decision-making practices in public versus private universities in Pakistan

The goal of this study is to examine differences in leadership and decision-making practices in public and private universities in Pakistan, with a focus on transformational leadership (TL) and participative decision-making (PDM). We conducted semi-structured interviews with 46 deans and heads of department from two public and two private universities in Pakistan. Our findings indicate that leadership and decision-making practices are different in public and private universities. While differences were observed in all six types of TL-behaviour, the following three approaches emerged to be crucial in both public and private universities: (1) articulating a vision, (2) fostering the acceptance of group goals, and (3) high-performance expectations. In terms of PDM, deans and heads of department in public and private universities adopt a collaborative approach. However, on a practical level this approach is limited to teacher- and student-related matters. Overall, our findings suggest that the leadership and decision-making practices in Pakistani public and private universities are transformational and participative in nature.

Ixekizumab: a new anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody therapy for moderate-to severe plaque psoriasis

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Psoriasis is a common, systemic, inflammatory disease with prominent skin and joint manifestations. Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) has been identified as a key effector cytokine that mediates immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. Ixekizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets IL-17A, has been found in clinical trials to dramatically reduce signs and symptoms of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.Areas covered: The following areas are discussed: the basic structure and function of IL-17A, its role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, the safety and efficacy of ixekizumab in clinical trials reported to date, and the possible impact of ixekizumab on the future therapeutic market for psoriasis.Expert opinion: A large proportion of patients with psoriasis achieve clear or near clear skin during treatment with ixekizumab in a rapid and sustained manner. This supports the idea that IL-17A plays a central role in psoriasis immunopathogenesis. While ixekizumab has been shown to be safe in trials up to 60 weeks, long-term safety data are not yet available. Because its efficacy is higher than all previously approved drugs for psoriasis thus far, approval and use of ixekizumab may lead to a treatment paradigm change for psoriasis, where clear or near clear skin becomes an acceptable and achievable treatment goal.

Transformational Leadership and Followers’ Objective Performance Over Time: Insights From German Basketball

The purpose of this present study is to gauge the usefulness of head coaches’ transformational leadership in predicting followers’ individual, objectively measured performance development over time. The sample encompassed data on 22 coaches and 200 players from German professional basketball. Each player's performance was captured for approximately 20 subsequent games resulting in a sample of 3,905 measurement points. Our analyses revealed significant effects from transformational leadership facets of Articulating a Vision, Fostering the Acceptance of Group Goals, and Providing Individualized Consideration on the development of players’ performance over time.

Acceptability of non-abstinence goals among students enrolled in addiction studies programs across the United States

ABSTRACTBackground: Previous studies of acceptability of non-abstinence recruited older, experienced addiction professionals; it's possible that younger, emerging addiction professionals may be more accepting of non-abstinence, perhaps due to training in harm reduction. Methods: One hundred seventy graduate and undergraduate students enrolled in college/university-based programs offering training in addiction studies across the United States were recruited to complete a Web-based questionnaire assessing whether acceptability of non-abstinence outcome goals varied depending on the specific substance a client consumes, severity of diagnosis, and finality of outcome goal. Results: More respondents rated non-abstinence an acceptable Intermediate goal for clients diagnosed with a Moderate cannabis use disorder (57%) or Moderate alcohol use disorder (45%) than for clients diagnosed with any other listed Moderate substance use disorder (32% to 36%). Similarly, larger proportions of respondents rated non-abstinence an acceptable Final goal for clients diagnosed with a Moderate cannabis use disorder (37%) or Moderate alcohol use disorder (31%) than for clients diagnosed with any other listed Moderate substance use disorder (19% to 23%). Only 14% to 26% of respondents rated non-abstinence an acceptable Final goal for clients diagnosed with a Severe substance use disorder, but 28% to 42% rated non-abstinence acceptable for clients diagnosed with a Severe substance use disorder when non-abstinence was an Intermediate goal. Conclusions: Compared with previous research examining the acceptability of non-abstinence, these results suggest that students enrolled in addiction studies training programs may be more accepting of clients who decide to pursue non-abstinence either as an intermediate step on the way to abstinence or as a final goal.

Социальная активность личности (уровни, критерии, типы и пути ее развития)

&lt;p&gt;Социальная активность выступает в качестве одного из системообразующих факторов личности и характеризует человека с позиций ценности его для общества, других людей. Через социальную активность проявляется жизненная позиция человека, его стремление внести свой вклад в развитие общества, реализовать себя в деятельности как личность. Социальная активность не возникает самопроизвольно, она зарождается и сосуществует с социальной реактивностью, ориентированной в большей степени на ситуацию, наличную мотивацию. В статье показано, что как социальная активность, так и социальная реактивность могут находиться на различных уровнях: нормативном, нормативно-личностном, личностно-продуктивном и продуктивно-творческом.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Единицами анализа социальной активности являются инициативность и исполнительность. Рассмотрены качественно-количественные показатели социальной инициативы: мотивационный компонент проявления инициативы, качество и общественная ценность инициативы, направленность инициатив, определенность-неопределенность инициативы, меры принятия ответственности за инициативу, устойчивость инициатив, частота инициатив, уровень инициативы. Исполнительность оценивается по следующим параметрам: принятие цели, задачи, ответственность исполнения, последовательность исполнения, выбор адекватных способов исполнения, устойчивость исполнения, интенсивность и напряженность исполнения, результативность исполнения, уровень исполнительности.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Проблема управления процессом формирования социальной активности личности является одной из сложных в современной педагогической науке. В статье показаны некоторые возможные пути ее развития: реализация рефлексивного управления социальной активностью личности; использование проблемных ситуаций в процессе формирования социальной активности.&lt;/p&gt;